UNS C44400 Admiralty Brass (Antimonial): Tubesheets, Forgings and Plate to ASTM B171
Technical datasheet published by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., open-die forging factory, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China. Last reviewed .
UNS C44400 is antimonial admiralty brass: a 70/30 copper-zinc alloy containing 70.0 to 73.0 % copper, 0.8 to 1.2 % tin and 0.02 to 0.10 % antimony, with zinc as the balance. Tin raises general corrosion resistance. Antimony inhibits dezincification. C44400 is one of three inhibited admiralty grades, alongside C44300 (arsenic) and C44500 (phosphorus). ASTM B171/B171M and ASME SB-171 cover it as plate, sheet and circles for condenser tube plates, heat exchangers and pressure vessels. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. forges C44400 tubesheets, baffles and related components to that specification.
C44400 is a copper alloy, not an alloy steel. It sits in the Alloy Steel section of this site for URL history reasons. Metallurgically it belongs with the wrought copper-zinc-tin (tin brass) alloys of the CDA C4xxxx series.
Key facts
- UNS number
- C44400
- Common names
- Admiralty brass (antimonial); inhibited admiralty metal; formerly Admiralty Metal Type C, a designation now discouraged
- Alloy family
- Wrought brass, copper-zinc-tin (tin brass), CDA C4xxxx
- Inhibitor
- Antimony 0.02 to 0.10 %
- Nominal composition
- Cu 71 %, Zn 28 %, Sn 1 %, Sb trace
- Density
- 8.53 g/cm³ (0.308 lb/in³)
- Melting range
- 899 to 938 °C (1650 to 1720 °F)
- Plate standard
- ASTM B171/B171M, ASME SB-171
- Tube standard
- ASTM B111/B111M, ASME SB-111
- Tensile, plate as hot rolled
- 331 MPa (48 ksi) typical
- Practical service limit
- About 200 °C (400 °F)
- Primary use
- Condenser and heat exchanger tube plates, baffles, ferrules, evaporator and distiller tubing
- Supplied by
- Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., open-die forged tubesheets, discs, rings, flanges and bars
1. What is UNS C44400 admiralty brass?
Admiralty brass is 70/30 cartridge brass with roughly 1 % tin added. Tin improves resistance to corrosion in fresh water, brackish water and clean sea water, which is what made the alloy standard for naval and power station condensers from the nineteenth century onward.
Plain 70/30 brass dezincifies. Zinc leaches out selectively and leaves porous copper behind with no useful strength. A few hundredths of one percent of arsenic, antimony or phosphorus suppresses the reaction. Which inhibitor is used is what separates the three admiralty grades.
| UNS | Name | Inhibitor | Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C44300 | Admiralty, arsenical | Arsenic | 0.02 to 0.06 % | ASTM B111 default, the most widely stocked grade |
| C44400 | Admiralty, antimonial | Antimony | 0.02 to 0.10 % | Used where arsenic is restricted, or by plant precedent |
| C44500 | Admiralty, phosphorized | Phosphorus | 0.02 to 0.10 % | Least common of the three |
All three share the same Cu 70.0 to 73.0 %, Sn about 1 %, Zn balance. Dezincification resistance is comparable between them.
An enquiry that says only "admiralty brass" will be quoted as C44300, the arsenical grade. C44400 has to appear on the purchase order together with the governing specification: ASTM B171 for plate and tubesheets, ASTM B111 for tube.
2. Designations, standards and equivalents
UNS C44400 appears in the following ASTM and ASME specifications, by product form.
| Product form | ASTM | ASME | Scope |
|---|---|---|---|
| Plate, sheet and circles | B171/B171M | SB-171 | Copper-alloy plate and sheet for pressure vessels, condensers and heat exchangers. This is the tubesheet specification. |
| Seamless condenser tube and ferrule stock | B111/B111M | SB-111 | Copper and copper-alloy seamless condenser tubes and ferrule stock |
| Finned tube, seamless | B359/B359M | SB-359 | Seamless condenser and heat exchanger tubes with integral fins |
| U-bend tube | B395/B395M | SB-395 | U-bend seamless heat exchanger and condenser tubes |
| Welded tube | B543/B543M | SB-543 | Welded copper and copper-alloy heat exchanger tube |
| Clad steel plate | B432 | Not listed | Copper and copper-alloy clad steel plate |
International equivalents
No EN, BS, JIS or GB number matches the antimony-inhibited grade exactly. The designations usually quoted as equivalents for admiralty brass all specify arsenic, so they correspond to C44300 rather than C44400.
| System | Designation | Inhibitor | Maps to |
|---|---|---|---|
| UNS (USA) | C44400 | Antimony | This alloy |
| UNS (USA) | C44300 | Arsenic | Sister grade |
| EN / ISO | CuZn28Sn1As, CW706R | Arsenic | C44300 |
| BS 2871 | CZ111 | Arsenic | C44300 |
| JIS H3300 | C4430 | Arsenic | C44300 |
| GB/T 8890 | HSn70-1 | Arsenic | C44300 |
| Obsolete ASTM | Admiralty Metal Type C | Antimony | C44400, designation discouraged |
Accepting CuZn28Sn1As, CZ111 or HSn70-1 against a C44400 line item gets you arsenical material. Where antimony inhibition is a real requirement, for example where an end user restricts arsenic, the order has to read UNS C44400 to ASTM B171 and the mill certificate has to report an antimony result.
3. Chemical composition of UNS C44400
The limits below are those given for C44400 in the Copper Development Association alloy database and carried in ASTM B171/B171M and ASTM B111/B111M. Values are percent by weight.
| Element | Symbol | Min | Max | Role |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Copper | Cu | 70.0 | 73.0 | Matrix, corrosion resistance and thermal conductivity |
| Tin | Sn | 0.8 | 1.2 | General corrosion resistance, strengthens the alpha phase |
| Antimony | Sb | 0.02 | 0.10 | Dezincification inhibitor, the defining element of C44400 |
| Lead | Pb | n/a | 0.07 | Residual, capped to protect hot workability |
| Iron | Fe | n/a | 0.06 | Residual |
| Zinc | Zn | Balance, about 28 % | Solid solution strengthening, cost | |
Cu plus the sum of named elements: 99.6 % min. For tubular products the minimum tin content may be taken as 0.9 %. Heat-typical composition is Cu 71 %, Zn 28 %, Sn 1 %.
At 0.02 to 0.10 % the antimony has no measurable effect on strength or conductivity. It segregates to the alpha grain structure and blocks the redeposition step of the dezincification reaction. Below 0.02 % the alloy behaves like uninhibited 70/30 brass in aggressive water. A certificate for C44400 that carries no antimony result has not demonstrated conformance.
4. Mechanical properties of UNS C44400
Admiralty brass has moderate strength and very high ductility. Properties depend heavily on temper and product form. The values below are room temperature typicals at 20 °C (68 °F).
| Form | Temper | Code | Tensile | Yield, 0.5 % ext. | Elongation | Hardness |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plate, up to 25 mm | As hot rolled | M20 | 331 MPa (48 ksi) | 124 MPa (18 ksi) | 65 % | 70 HRF |
| Tube | Annealed, 0.025 mm grain | OS025 | 365 MPa (53 ksi) | 152 MPa (22 ksi) | 65 % | 75 HRF, 37 HR30T |
| Wire | Annealed, 0.015 mm grain | OS015 | 379 MPa (55 ksi) | n/a | 60 % | n/a |
Elongation measured over a 50 mm (2 in) gauge length. Hardness figures are typical values, not acceptance criteria. ASTM B171 acceptance is on tensile and elongation.
Elastic constants and other data
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Modulus of elasticity, tension | 110 GPa | 16,000 ksi |
| Modulus of rigidity, shear | 41 GPa | 6,000 ksi |
| Poisson's ratio | 0.34 | 0.34 |
| Fatigue strength at 107 cycles | 115 to 125 MPa | 16,700 to 18,100 psi |
| Charpy impact, annealed | 82 J | 61 ft·lb |
| Machinability rating | 30, against free-cutting brass C36000 at 100 | |
Some secondary databases quote 117 GPa for elastic modulus. The CDA figure of 110 GPa (16,000 ksi) is used here. For design work, use the value carried in the governing code.
Creep figures for admiralty brass measured at 425 °C circulate widely in online property databases. They are laboratory data points, not design values. Admiralty brass is not a 425 °C material. Section 6 gives the real service envelope.
5. Physical and thermal properties
| Property | Condition | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | 20 °C | 8.53 g/cm³ | 0.308 lb/in³ |
| Melting point, solidus | n/a | 899 °C | 1650 °F |
| Melting point, liquidus | n/a | 938 °C | 1720 °F |
| Thermal conductivity | 20 °C | 110 W/m·K | 64 Btu/ft·hr·°F |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion | 20 to 300 °C | 20.2 µm/m·°C | 11.2 µin/in·°F |
| Specific heat capacity | 20 °C | 377 J/kg·K | 0.09 Btu/lb·°F |
| Electrical conductivity | 20 °C | 25 % IACS | 25 % IACS |
| Electrical resistivity | 20 °C | about 69 nΩ·m | about 41 Ω·cmil/ft |
| Annealing temperature range | n/a | 427 to 593 °C | 800 to 1100 °F |
| Hot working temperature range | n/a | 649 to 788 °C | 1200 to 1450 °F |
Thermal conductivity of 110 W/m·K is the commercial case for admiralty brass in condensers. It is roughly three times that of 70/30 copper-nickel and about seven times that of austenitic stainless steel, so a condenser tubed and plated in C44400 moves the same heat duty through less surface area.
6. Corrosion behaviour and service limits
Where C44400 works
- Clean sea water, brackish water and fresh water at moderate velocity, typically up to about 1.8 m/s (6 ft/s), where a stable protective film forms.
- Dezincification resistance, which is the point of the inhibitor.
- Pitting resistance in those same waters, better than uninhibited brass.
- Steam side condensate service in surface condensers and feedwater heaters.
Where it must not be used
| Condition | Failure mode | Usual alternative |
|---|---|---|
| Ammonia, amines, ammonium compounds | Stress corrosion cracking. Brass is acutely susceptible. | C70600 or C71500 copper-nickel, or titanium |
| Polluted or sulphide-bearing water | Accelerated general attack and pitting. The protective film does not form. | C71500, titanium, super-austenitic stainless |
| Velocity above about 2 m/s, turbulence at inlets | Impingement and erosion corrosion | C70600 or C71500, which tolerate 3 to 4.5 m/s |
| Service above about 200 °C | Dezincification rate climbs, strength falls | Copper-nickel, or carbon and low-alloy steel |
| Residual tensile stress left unrelieved | Season cracking in service | Stress relief anneal, verified by ASTM B154 or B858 |
Treat 200 °C (400 °F) as the working ceiling for C44400 in pressure service. Above roughly 230 to 260 °C the dezincification rate rises sharply. Check the allowable stress and maximum temperature for SB-171 C44400 in the current edition of ASME BPVC Section II, Part D before setting a design temperature.
Galvanic compatibility
C44400 sits close to the copper-nickels in the galvanic series in sea water and well away from carbon steel. A C44400 tubesheet with C44400 or C44300 tubes is a common and sound arrangement. A carbon steel shell flanged to a brass tubesheet needs an insulating gasket arrangement or a sacrificial anode, because the steel becomes anodic and wastes. Do not bolt admiralty brass directly to aluminium or zinc-rich components in a wetted assembly.
7. Forging, forming, machining and joining
Hot and cold working
ASTM B171 allows plate and circles to be produced by hot rolling or by forging, then finished by cold working and annealing to the required dimensions and properties. Open-die forging is therefore a route the specification recognises, and for thick or large-diameter tubesheets it is often the only practical one.
The alloy cold works well and hot forms only fairly. The hot working window is narrow, 649 to 788 °C (1200 to 1450 °F). Above it zinc volatilises and the lead and iron residuals promote hot shortness. Below it forging loads climb and the alpha phase tears. Holding that window across a large forged disc is the main process risk in making a sound C44400 tubesheet, and it is why forging admiralty brass is a different job from forging steel.
Brasses season crack. Any C44400 component that has been cold formed, straightened, drilled in a dense pattern or heavily machined needs a low temperature stress relief anneal, demonstrated by the mercurous nitrate test (ASTM B154) or the ammonia vapour test (ASTM B858). ASTM B111 calls for residual stress testing on C44300, C44400 and C44500 specifically.
Machining and tubesheet drilling
Machinability rating is 30 against free-cutting brass C36000 at 100. The alloy is gummy rather than free cutting. For tubesheet work that means:
- Sharp, high positive rake tooling and plenty of coolant. Dull tools smear the surface and work harden it.
- Peck drill deep tube holes. Chips are stringy and pack readily in a 25 to 50 mm plate.
- Rough, stress relieve, then finish machine. Drilling several thousand holes redistributes residual stress, and a plate machined in one pass will not hold flatness.
- Tube hole tolerance and groove geometry to TEMA R, C or B as specified. Ligament tolerance is what governs whether the expanded joint is sound.
Joining
| Process | Suitability | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| Soldering | Excellent | Preferred for ferrules and light assemblies |
| Brazing | Excellent | Silver brazing alloys. Watch overheating and zinc loss. |
| Oxyacetylene welding | Good | Neutral to slightly oxidising flame to limit zinc fume |
| Butt welding, spot welding | Good | Resistance processes are acceptable |
| Gas shielded arc welding | Fair | Zinc volatilises from the pool, giving porosity and inhibitor loss |
| Coated metal arc welding | Not recommended | n/a |
| Seam welding | Not recommended | n/a |
In heat exchangers this means admiralty brass tube-to-tubesheet joints are roller expanded, not seal welded. Where the design calls for a welded tube joint, a carbon steel or copper-nickel tubesheet with a compatible weld overlay is usually a better answer than solid C44400. We build both.
8. UNS C44400 products we manufacture
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China. We manufacture the following components in UNS C44400 antimonial admiralty brass to ASTM B171 and ASME SB-171, and in the sister grades C44300 and C44500 on request.
Tubesheets and tube plates
Fixed, stationary, front, rear and floating tubesheets for surface condensers, feedwater heaters and shell-and-tube exchangers. Drilled and grooved to TEMA.
Baffles and support plates
Segmental, double segmental and disc-and-doughnut baffles, tie rods and spacer tubes, matched to the tubesheet drilling pattern.
Clad and weld overlay tubesheets
Copper-alloy cladding and weld overlay on carbon or low-alloy steel backing, to ASTM B432 for clad plate, where a welded tube joint or a lower cost is required.
Forged discs, blocks and circles
Open-die forged discs, blanks and circles cut from forged plate. This is the route for thicknesses and diameters not available as rolled plate.
Seamless rolled rings and flanges
Forged and seamless rolled rings, flange blanks, hubs and housings in copper alloy and across our steel and nickel-alloy range.
Bars, hollow bars, sleeves and bushings
Round bar, hollow bar, forged sleeves, bushes, barrels, casings, shells and cylinders machined to drawing.
Rolled C44400 plate becomes hard to source above modest thickness and diameter. Forging from a cast billet, followed by the hot rolled and annealed condition that ASME BPVC service requires, closes porosity, refines grain and gives through-thickness properties in sizes a rolling mill will not quote.
We supply the same component set in carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, tool steel and nickel alloys including Inconel 625, Incoloy 825 and Hastelloy C-276. A complete exchanger package, shell side steel forgings and water side copper-alloy tubesheets, can therefore be placed with one supplier.
9. C44400 against other tubesheet alloys
Material selection for a condenser tubesheet is a trade between heat transfer, water quality, velocity and cost. The table below is the short version of that argument.
| Alloy | Nominal composition | Thermal cond. W/m·K | Tensile MPa | Max water velocity | Best suited to |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C44400 admiralty, Sb | Cu-28Zn-1Sn-Sb | 110 | 331 | about 1.8 m/s | Fresh, brackish and clean sea water. Best heat transfer per unit cost. |
| C44300 admiralty, As | Cu-28Zn-1Sn-As | 111 | 331 | about 1.8 m/s | The same duty. The globally stocked default grade. |
| C68700 aluminium brass | Cu-22Zn-2Al-As | 100 | 414 | about 2.4 m/s | Sea water at velocities admiralty will not take |
| C70600 90/10 Cu-Ni | Cu-10Ni-1.4Fe | 40 | 303 | about 3.0 m/s | Sea water, biofouling resistance, weldable tube joints |
| C71500 70/30 Cu-Ni | Cu-30Ni-0.5Fe | 29 | 379 | about 4.5 m/s | Polluted or sulphide water, high velocity, ammonia service |
| C46400 naval brass | Cu-39Zn-0.8Sn | 116 | 414 | low | Structural marine parts. Not an inhibited condenser alloy. |
Velocity figures are common industry design guidelines for continuously wetted tube side service, not code limits. They assume clean water and correct inlet end protection. Tensile values are annealed or hot rolled typicals.
Selection summary
- Fresh or clean sea water, moderate velocity, cost sensitive: C44400 or C44300.
- Same water but higher velocity: C68700 aluminium brass.
- Polluted, sulphide-bearing or ammonia-contaminated water: C70600 or C71500.
- Welded tube-to-tubesheet joints mandated: copper-nickel, or steel with weld overlay.
- Arsenic restricted by end user policy: C44400 specifically, not C44300.
10. Applications and industries
| Industry | Equipment | C44400 components |
|---|---|---|
| Power generation | Surface condensers, feedwater heaters, auxiliary coolers | Tubesheets, baffles, support plates, ferrules, condenser tubes |
| Marine and offshore | Central coolers, evaporators, distillers | Tube plates, distiller tubing, evaporator tubing |
| Oil refining and petrochemical | Shell-and-tube exchangers on clean cooling water duty | Fixed and floating tubesheets, baffles |
| Desalination | MSF and MED evaporator trains, heat recovery sections | Tube plates, tubing, water boxes |
| HVAC and industrial cooling | Chiller condensers, closed circuit coolers | Tube plates, strainers, finned tube |
| Pulp, paper and sugar | Process heaters and coolers on fresh water duty | Tubesheets, baffles |
11. Quality assurance, testing and documentation
Every C44400 order leaves our works with the following unless the purchase order specifies otherwise.
| Item | Method or standard | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical analysis | ASTM E478 and E62, antimony by E62, spectrographic | Confirms Cu, Sn, Sb, Pb, Fe and Zn against Table 4 |
| Tensile and elongation | ASTM E8/E8M, specimen per ASTM B171 | Acceptance for temper and mechanical conformance |
| Residual stress test | ASTM B154 mercurous nitrate, or B858 ammonia vapour | Demonstrates freedom from season cracking stress |
| Hardness | Rockwell F and 30T | Temper verification |
| Dimensional and flatness report | Drawing and TEMA | Tube hole pattern, ligament, groove geometry, flatness |
| Liquid penetrant examination | ASTM E165, on request | Surface integrity of machined faces |
| Mill test certificate | EN 10204 3.1 standard, 3.2 on request | Traceability by heat number |
| Third-party inspection | SGS, TÜV, BV, DNV, Lloyd's Register | Arranged on request at the buyer's nomination |
Marking, preservation and packing: heat number, UNS grade, specification, temper and purchase order line stencilled or low stress stamped on each piece; faces protected against handling damage; seaworthy export packing in fumigation-free plywood cases with desiccant.
12. Frequently asked questions about UNS C44400
What is UNS C44400?
UNS C44400 is antimonial admiralty brass. It is a 70/30 copper-zinc alloy containing 70.0 to 73.0 % copper, 0.8 to 1.2 % tin and 0.02 to 0.10 % antimony, with zinc as the balance. Tin raises general corrosion resistance and antimony inhibits dezincification. ASTM B171/B171M and ASME SB-171 cover the alloy as plate, sheet and circles for pressure vessels, condensers and heat exchangers.
What is the difference between C44300, C44400 and C44500?
The three grades share the same 70/30 copper-zinc base and about 1 % tin. Only the dezincification inhibitor differs. C44300 uses arsenic at 0.02 to 0.06 %, C44400 uses antimony at 0.02 to 0.10 % and C44500 uses phosphorus at 0.02 to 0.10 %. Corrosion performance is close enough that the choice is normally settled by the purchase specification, plant precedent or a restriction on arsenic. C44300 is the ASTM B111 default, so an order for C44400 has to state the grade.
Which standard covers C44400 tubesheets?
ASTM B171/B171M, issued by ASME as SB-171, covers copper-alloy plate, sheet and circles for pressure vessels, condensers and heat exchangers. It is the governing specification for C44400 condenser tube plates. The standard allows manufacture by hot rolling or by forging. Material for ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code service must be certified in the hot rolled and annealed temper.
Can C44400 tubesheets be forged rather than rolled?
Yes. ASTM B171 allows plate and circles to be produced by forging as well as by hot rolling, then finished by cold working and annealing to the required dimensions and properties. Forging is the usual route for thick or large-diameter tubesheets that are not available as rolled plate. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. produces C44400 tubesheets and circles by open-die forging at its plant in Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China.
What is the maximum service temperature of C44400 admiralty brass?
Admiralty brass is a low temperature alloy. Service is normally held to about 200 °C or 400 °F. Above roughly 230 to 260 °C the dezincification rate climbs sharply and mechanical properties fall away. Check the allowable stress and temperature limit for SB-171 C44400 in the current edition of ASME BPVC Section II, Part D before setting a design temperature. Creep data published at 425 °C is a laboratory data point, not a design value.
Is C44400 resistant to seawater?
C44400 performs well in clean seawater, brackish water and fresh water at moderate flow, typically up to about 1.8 m/s, where a protective film forms and stays put. It is not suited to polluted or sulphide-bearing water, to high velocity or turbulent flow that causes impingement attack, or to service exposed to ammonia or amines, which crack brass. Those conditions normally call for 90/10 copper-nickel C70600 or 70/30 copper-nickel C71500.
How is C44400 welded?
C44400 solders and brazes excellently and is rated good for oxyacetylene welding. It is only fair for gas shielded arc welding and is not recommended for coated metal arc welding, because zinc volatilises from the weld pool and the inhibitor content is disturbed. Tube-to-tubesheet joints in admiralty brass are therefore roller expanded rather than seal welded. Where a welded joint is required, a steel or copper-nickel tubesheet with a compatible weld overlay is normally the better choice.
Does C44400 have a European or Japanese equivalent?
No EN or JIS number matches the antimony-inhibited grade exactly. The designations usually quoted for admiralty brass, CuZn28Sn1As and CW706R under EN, CZ111 under BS 2871, C4430 under JIS H3300 and HSn70-1 under GB/T, all specify arsenic as the inhibitor and correspond to UNS C44300. Where antimony inhibition is required, order to UNS C44400 and state ASTM B171 or ASTM B111 on the purchase order.
What certification is supplied with C44400 material?
C44400 orders are normally released against an EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificate covering chemical analysis, tensile and elongation results, temper, heat number and a dimensional report. EN 10204 3.2 certification with third-party inspection by SGS, TÜV, BV, DNV or Lloyd's Register can be arranged. ASTM B171 and B111 also call for a residual stress test on the inhibited admiralty grades, by mercurous nitrate test ASTM B154 or ammonia vapour test ASTM B858.
Who supplies UNS C44400 tubesheets and forgings?
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China. It manufactures UNS C44400 admiralty brass tubesheets, tube plates, baffles, support plates, forged discs, seamless rolled rings, flanges, sleeves and bars to ASTM B171 and ASME SB-171. Enquiries go to sales@steelforgepieces.com or +86-189-2135-9659.
Request a UNS C44400 quotation
Send a drawing or a specification and we will quote. For a tubesheet the information we need is grade and specification (for example UNS C44400 to ASTM B171), outside diameter, thickness, tube hole pattern and count, groove requirement, quantity and certification level.
- Company
- Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., Open-Die Forging Factory
- Address
- No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China
- Telephone
- +86-189-2135-9659
- sales@steelforgepieces.com
- Website
- www.steelforgepieces.com
Sources and further reading
- ASTM B171/B171M, Standard Specification for Copper-Alloy Plate and Sheet for Pressure Vessels, Condensers, and Heat Exchangers.
- ASTM B111/B111M, Standard Specification for Copper and Copper-Alloy Seamless Condenser Tubes and Ferrule Stock.
- ASTM B154 and ASTM B858, mercurous nitrate and ammonia vapour tests for residual stress in copper alloys.
- Copper Development Association, alloy database entry for UNS C44400.
- ASM International, Alloy Digest Cu-599, Copper Alloy Nos. C44400 and C44500, Admiralty Metal Inhibited by Antimony or Phosphorus.
- J. R. Davis (editor), ASM Specialty Handbook: Copper and Copper Alloys, ASM International.
Disclaimer. Property values on this page are typical published values for UNS C44400 at room temperature, given for general information. They are not design allowables and do not replace the governing specification or code. Confirm all values against the current edition of ASTM B171/B171M and ASME BPVC Section II, Part D before use in design or procurement.