Aircraft gas turbines
This is the original and main application. Wrought blading provides the grain flow and fatigue life that castings do not reach in the cooler turbine stages.
Nickel Alloy Forgings · Technical Datasheet
Udimet alloy 520 · UNS N07520 · Forged rings, discs, blade blanks, shafts, flanges and bars
Udimet 520 (UNS N07520) is a precipitation-hardenable nickel-chromium-cobalt superalloy strengthened by gamma prime. It is used for continuous service between 760 and 927 degrees Celsius (1400 to 1700 degrees Fahrenheit), mainly as blading for aircraft and land-based gas turbines. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory at No. 1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China. We forge Udimet 520 into seamless rolled rings, discs, blade and vane blanks, shafts, flanges, sleeves, bushings and round bars, supplied solution treated and aged, ultrasonically tested and certified to EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2.
Udimet 520, also written Udimet alloy 520, Udimet520, Alloy 520 or U-520, and registered as UNS N07520, is a precipitation-hardenable nickel-chromium-cobalt superalloy. The nominal analysis is 56.9 percent nickel, 19 percent chromium, 12 percent cobalt, 6 percent molybdenum, 1 percent tungsten, 3 percent titanium, 2 percent aluminium, 0.05 percent carbon and 0.005 percent boron.
Chromium at 18 to 20 percent forms the protective oxide that keeps the alloy serviceable in hot combustion gas. Titanium and aluminium, together about 5 percent, precipitate the gamma prime phase Ni3(Al,Ti) that carries the strength. Molybdenum, tungsten and cobalt strengthen the gamma matrix by solid solution and slow diffusion, which maintains creep strength at temperature. Boron at 40 to 100 parts per million segregates to the grain boundaries and delays creep cavitation. Carbon forms MC carbides that pin the boundaries during forging and heat treatment.
The alloy was developed for the 760 to 927 degree Celsius band, where it combines high-temperature strength with structural stability and good fabricability for its strength class. Alloys with a higher gamma prime fraction reach higher strength but are more difficult to work, while Udimet 520 can be pressed and rolled into blades, rings and discs.
We supply Udimet 520 as forged product only, that is open-die forgings and seamless rolled rings. Forging closes porosity, breaks up the as-cast structure and aligns grain flow with the principal stress direction, which raises the fatigue life of a blade root or a ring.
There are two limitations to allow for. Machinability is poor, about 11 percent on the free-cutting steel scale, so machining forms a large share of the finished cost and the forging should be ordered close to net shape where the drawing allows. The alloy is selected for hot strength and not for wet corrosion service; for acid or chloride duty use Hastelloy C-276 or Alloy 59.
The table below is a selection aid and not design data. Grade selection normally starts with service temperature, then takes account of the machining and welding content of the part.
| Attribute | Udimet 520 | Waspaloy | Udimet 500 | Inconel 718 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UNS number | N07520 | N07001 | N07500 | N07718 |
| Strengthening phase | Gamma prime, Ni3(Al,Ti) | Gamma prime | Gamma prime | Gamma double prime, Ni3Nb |
| Chromium | 18.0–20.0 % | 18.0–21.0 % | 15.0–20.0 % | 17.0–21.0 % |
| Cobalt | 11.0–14.0 % | 12.0–15.0 % | 15.0–20.0 % | 1.0 % max |
| Molybdenum | 5.5–7.0 % | 3.5–5.0 % | 3.0–5.0 % | 2.80–3.30 % |
| Tungsten | 0.80–1.20 % | none | none | none |
| Aluminium plus titanium | about 5 % | about 4.4 % | about 5.8 % | about 1.5 % |
| Density | 8.21 g/cm³ | 8.19 g/cm³ | 8.02 g/cm³ | 8.19 g/cm³ |
| Typical service ceiling | 927 °C / 1700 °F | about 760 °C | about 870 °C | about 700 °C |
| Forgeability | Good for its strength class | Good | Harder, higher gamma prime | Easiest of the four |
| Machinability | Poor, about 11 % | Poor | Poor | Moderate |
| Relative cost | High | High | High | Lower |
| Main application | Gas turbine blading, hot-section rings and discs | Discs, shafts, fasteners, rings | Blades, wheels, hot-section hardware | Aero-engine parts, oil and gas, fasteners |
Table compiled by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. from published alloy specifications. Service ceilings are indicative for grade selection and are not design allowables. See also Waspaloy forgings, Udimet 500 forgings, Udimet 720 forgings and Inconel 718 forgings.
The table below is the specification range we forge to. Every heat is supplied with a ladle analysis on the mill certificate. Product analysis on the finished forging can be added on request.
| Element | Symbol | Weight % | Function in the alloy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nickel | Ni | Balance, about 52.2–60.0 | Gamma matrix, host for the gamma prime precipitate |
| Chromium | Cr | 18.0–20.0 | Oxidation and hot corrosion resistance |
| Cobalt | Co | 11.0–14.0 | Solid-solution strength, lowers stacking fault energy, raises gamma prime stability |
| Molybdenum | Mo | 5.5–7.0 | Solid-solution strengthener, creep resistance |
| Titanium | Ti | 2.90–3.25 | Main gamma prime former |
| Aluminium | Al | 1.80–2.30 | Gamma prime former, contributes to the oxide film |
| Tungsten | W | 0.80–1.20 | Solid-solution strengthener at high temperature |
| Carbon | C | 0.02–0.06 | Forms MC carbides that pin grain boundaries |
| Boron | B | 0.004–0.010 | Grain-boundary strengthening, creep ductility |
Source: Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., Udimet 520 forging specification. Nominal analysis 56.9Ni-19Cr-12Co-6Mo-1W-3Ti-2Al-0.05C-0.005B.
The values below are the room-temperature minima we certify for solution-treated and fully aged forgings. Results on the mill certificate normally sit above these minima. Where a customer specification sets different minima, that specification governs and we test to it.
| Property | Metric | Imperial | Test method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ultimate tensile strength | ≥ 1310 MPa | ≥ 190 ksi | ASTM E8 / ISO 6892-1 |
| Yield strength, 0.2 % offset | ≥ 862 MPa | ≥ 125 ksi | ASTM E8 / ISO 6892-1 |
| Elongation | ≥ 20 % | ≥ 20 % | ASTM E8 |
| Reduction of area | Reported on certificate | Reported on certificate | ASTM E8 |
| Hardness, typical | about 40 HRC | about 40 HRC | ASTM E18 |
| Grain size | ASTM 3 or finer | ASTM 3 or finer | ASTM E112 |
| Stress rupture | To customer specification | To customer specification | ASTM E139 |
Source: Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. Values apply to the fully heat-treated condition. Solution-treated-only material is supplied to different minima on request.
The alloy is specified for its strength at temperature. The published figures below give the order of magnitude retained in the design band. They are not certified minima, and design values should come from the governing specification or from testing on the actual heat.
| Condition | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Yield strength at 850 °C | about 500 MPa | about 72 500 psi |
| Tensile strength at 950 °C | about 350 MPa | about 50 800 psi |
| Design service band | 760–927 °C | 1400–1700 °F |
Indicative values consolidated from published Udimet 520 datasheets. For screening use only.
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 8.21 g/cm³ | 0.297 lb/in³ |
| Melting point | about 1371 °C | about 2500 °F |
| Gamma prime solvus | about 1058 °C | about 1936 °F |
| Solution treatment temperature | 1107 °C | 2025 °F |
| Hot working window | 1090–1180 °C | 1995–2155 °F |
| Activation energy for hot deformation | about 780 kJ/mol | – |
| Hardness, fully heat treated | about 40 HRC | about 40 HRC |
| Machinability rating | about 11 % relative to free-cutting steel | |
| Magnetic response | Essentially non-magnetic | |
Source: Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., consolidated from published Udimet 520 datasheets and hot-workability studies.
Udimet 520 is supplied fully heat treated unless the drawing states otherwise. The cycle is one solution treatment followed by two ageing steps. The 843 degree soak develops the grain-boundary carbides and the 760 degree soak completes the fine gamma prime distribution. Shortening either age changes both strength and notch ductility, so the full cycle is run on every load and recorded.
| Step | Temperature | Soak | Cooling |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solution treatment | 1107 °C (2025 °F) | 4 h, extended for heavy sections | Rapid air cool |
| First age | 843 °C (1550 °F) | 24 h | Air cool |
| Second age | 760 °C (1400 °F) | 16 h | Air cool |
Source: Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. Calibrated furnaces, load thermocouples and time-temperature charts for the whole charge are issued with the mill certificate. Rejuvenation cycles for ex-service blading are quoted separately.
The route below is run on every Udimet 520 order. Each stage produces a record that goes into the documentation pack.
Billet is accepted only against documented double or triple melt practice, VIM plus ESR or VIM plus ESR plus VAR. Single-melt material is not accepted for rotating or hot-section parts because of segregation and inclusion risk.
Surfaces are conditioned and the billet is soaked to a uniform through-temperature. Insufficient soaking causes cracking during the first reduction, and surface defects carry through into the finished part.
Hot work is carried out above the 1058 degree gamma prime solvus so that deformation resistance stays low. Strain rate is held between 0.1 and 1 per second, where dynamic recrystallisation refines the grain. The finishing temperature is kept clear of the 950 degree region, at which the alloy fractures in hot compression.
Seamless rings are pierced and rolled to the finished envelope. Discs are upset and punched. Blade and vane blanks are blocked. All three routes produce grain flow that follows the part contour.
Reductions are split across several passes with reheats between them so that the full section recrystallises. Heavy single-pass reduction leaves an uneven structure in thick sections.
Charged into calibrated furnaces for 1107 degrees solution, 843 degrees for 24 hours and 760 degrees for 16 hours, with recorded time and temperature charts for the entire load.
Supplied as-forged, rough machined with an agreed allowance, or finish machined to drawing tolerance. Ordering close to net shape usually lowers the total cost, because the metal removal rate on this alloy is low.
Ultrasonic testing to EN 10228-3, SEP 1921 or ASTM A388. Penetrant or magnetic particle testing as specified. Tensile, hardness and grain size taken from integral or separately forged prolongations.
Hard-stamped heat number and part identification, EN 10204 3.1 certificate, or 3.2 counter-signed by a third party such as TUV, BV, SGS or Lloyd's Register, then seaworthy packing.
All parts are made to drawing or to a dimensional sketch, and there is no fixed catalogue. The range in the table covers what we forge regularly in Udimet 520. The works handles diameters to 6000 mm and single pieces to 15 000 kg in steel grades; superalloy sizes are confirmed at enquiry against billet availability.
| Forged form | Size range | Common uses |
|---|---|---|
| Seamless rolled rings | OD 200–2500 mm, height to 800 mm | Casing rings, spacer rings, seal rings, flange blanks |
| Forged discs | Dia. 150–1500 mm | Turbine discs, wheels, blind flanges |
| Blade and vane blanks | To drawing, blocked or pancake | Aircraft and industrial gas turbine blading |
| Forged shafts and spindles | Dia. 80–600 mm, L to 6000 mm | Rotor shafts, stub shafts, drive spindles |
| Round bars | Dia. 20–500 mm | Machining stock, fasteners, valve stems |
| Forged flanges | DN 15–1200, to ASME B16.5 / B16.47 / EN 1092-1 | Hot gas piping, transition ducts |
| Sleeves, bushings, hollow bars | OD 100–900 mm | Wear sleeves, liners, bearing housings |
| Forged blocks and rectangles | Up to 600 x 1200 mm section | Die blocks, hardfaced radial forging dies, manifolds |
| Single-piece weight | 10 kg to 3000 kg | Heavier pieces quoted case by case |
Source: Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. Delivery conditions: as-forged, heat treated, rough machined or finish machined. Equipment: 1, 3, 5 and 9 tonne open-die hammers, 5000 tonne hydraulic press, 3 m and 6 m ring rolling mills.
Udimet 520 is selected when a part operates in the 760 to 927 degree band and has to retain strength there over long periods. Below that band other grades are cheaper and easier to machine, so the alloy appears in a limited range of components.
This is the original and main application. Wrought blading provides the grain flow and fatigue life that castings do not reach in the cooler turbine stages.
Power generation and mechanical drive machines with long overhaul intervals, where creep and thermal fatigue determine the life of the hot section.
Rings, casings and transition hardware that carry load in hot gas, where oxidation resistance and structural stability matter as much as strength.
Hardness and hot strength make the alloy suitable as a die and hardfacing material. Weld-deposited Udimet 520 has been used to harden radial forging die surfaces.
Rotating and static parts in high-temperature systems where stress rupture life, rather than room-temperature strength, governs the design.
Hot gas valves, compressor hardware and drive components operating above the temperature at which lower alloys relax or creep.
For parts operating below about 650 degrees Celsius, Inconel 718 or Inconel 706 are usually the better choice. Both cost less and machine faster for the same geometry.
Fully heat-treated Udimet 520 runs at about 40 HRC with a machinability rating near 11 percent, which places it among the harder nickel alloys to cut. It work-hardens ahead of the tool and behaves in a gummy manner rather than like steel. Recommended practice is as follows.
Udimet 520 is joined by gas tungsten arc, gas metal arc and shielded metal arc welding. Published work reports high resistance to hot cracking, with cracking appearing only at high heat input and concentrated where aluminium and titanium segregate. Increasing travel speed and reducing heat input raises weld hardness. Weld faces must be clean and free of paint, marking crayon and oil. Load-bearing joints are given the full solution and double ageing cycle after welding.
The alloy is ductile enough to be pressed, ring rolled, upset and blocked in the 1090 to 1180 degree window. Cold forming is possible but limited, and it calls for heavy-duty lubricants, soft die materials and short expected die life.
Every Udimet 520 forging ships with a documentation pack. The content is agreed before production starts.
Third-party inspectors and customer QA representatives are welcome at the works. The quality system is certified to ISO 9001:2015. The same material is shipped under the designations UNS N07520 and Alloy 520 where a specification calls the grade by a different name.
Send a drawing or a dimensional sketch to sales@steelforgepieces.com. Quotations are normally returned within one working day when the following points are supplied.
Lead time for Udimet 520 forgings is normally 30 to 60 days depending on billet availability, size, heat-treatment route and machining scope.
Udimet 520 is a precipitation-hardenable nickel-chromium-cobalt superalloy designated UNS N07520. The nominal analysis is 56.9 percent nickel, 19 percent chromium, 12 percent cobalt, 6 percent molybdenum, 1 percent tungsten, 3 percent titanium, 2 percent aluminium, 0.05 percent carbon and 0.005 percent boron. Titanium and aluminium precipitate the gamma prime phase that carries the strength. The alloy was developed for service between 760 and 927 degrees Celsius, and its main application is blading for aircraft and land-based gas turbines.
The UNS number for Udimet 520 is N07520. The grade is also written Udimet alloy 520, Udimet520, Alloy 520 and U-520. UDIMET is a registered trademark of Special Metals Corporation. Material of the same chemistry produced independently is correctly described as UNS N07520.
Udimet 520 was developed for continuous service in the 760 to 927 degree Celsius range, that is 1400 to 1700 degrees Fahrenheit. Above about 927 degrees the gamma prime precipitates coarsen and the alloy loses the strength that justifies its cost, so 927 degrees is the practical design limit for load-bearing hot-section parts.
Udimet 520 contains 18.0 to 20.0 percent chromium, 11.0 to 14.0 percent cobalt, 5.5 to 7.0 percent molybdenum, 2.90 to 3.25 percent titanium, 1.80 to 2.30 percent aluminium, 0.80 to 1.20 percent tungsten, 0.02 to 0.06 percent carbon and 0.004 to 0.010 percent boron, with nickel as the balance at roughly 52 to 60 percent.
The standard cycle is a solution treatment at 1107 degrees Celsius, that is 2025 degrees Fahrenheit, for 4 hours followed by rapid air cooling, then a first age at 843 degrees Celsius, 1550 degrees Fahrenheit, for 24 hours with air cooling, then a second age at 760 degrees Celsius, 1400 degrees Fahrenheit, for 16 hours with air cooling. Furnace charts for every stage are issued with the mill certificate.
The density of Udimet 520 is 8.21 grams per cubic centimetre, equal to 0.297 pounds per cubic inch. The melting point is approximately 1371 degrees Celsius, or 2500 degrees Fahrenheit.
The gamma prime solvus of Udimet 520 is about 1058 degrees Celsius, so hot working is carried out above that temperature to keep deformation resistance low. Published processing maps put the usable window at 1090 to 1180 degrees Celsius with strain rates of 0.1 to 1 per second, where dynamic recrystallisation refines the grain. Hot compression tests fracture at or below 950 degrees Celsius, so the finishing temperature must be kept well above that figure.
Yes. Udimet 520 is joined by gas tungsten arc, gas metal arc and shielded metal arc welding. Published welding studies report high resistance to hot cracking, with cracking appearing only at high heat input and concentrated where aluminium and titanium segregate. Lower heat input and higher travel speed raise weld hardness. A full solution and ageing cycle is normally applied after welding on load-bearing parts.
Yes. Fully heat-treated Udimet 520 runs at about 40 HRC and carries a machinability rating of about 11 percent relative to free-cutting steel, which makes it one of the harder nickel alloys to cut. It work-hardens ahead of the tool and behaves in a gummy manner rather than like steel. Use sharp positive-rake carbide or ceramic tooling, rigid setups, constant feed to avoid dwelling in the work-hardened layer, water-based coolant for turning, milling and grinding, and heavy lubricant for drilling, boring, broaching and tapping.
Both are gamma-prime strengthened nickel-chromium-cobalt superalloys with similar chromium and cobalt levels. Udimet 520 carries more molybdenum, 5.5 to 7.0 percent against 3.5 to 5.0 percent, plus about 1 percent tungsten, which raises solid-solution strength and extends the useful service range to about 927 degrees Celsius against roughly 760 degrees for Waspaloy. Waspaloy is covered by more aerospace specifications and is easier to source, so it is the usual choice for discs and shafts, while Udimet 520 is specified where the blading operates at a higher gas temperature.
Inconel 718 is strengthened by gamma double prime based on niobium and loses strength above about 700 degrees Celsius. Udimet 520 is strengthened by gamma prime based on titanium and aluminium and remains usable to 927 degrees. Inconel 718 costs less, welds more easily and machines far faster, so it is used for the majority of parts below 650 degrees. Udimet 520 is specified where the gas path temperature is above the range of 718.
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. produces Udimet 520 as seamless rolled rings with outside diameters from 200 to 2500 mm, forged discs from 150 to 1500 mm diameter, shafts and spindles from 80 to 600 mm diameter, round bars from 20 to 500 mm diameter, turbine blade and vane blanks, flanges, sleeves, bushings, hollow bars and forged blocks, in single-piece weights from 10 kg to 3000 kg. All parts are made to customer drawing.
Udimet 520 is a proprietary grade rather than a grade with its own ASTM product standard, so orders are normally placed against a customer drawing or an end-user specification that fixes chemistry, heat treatment, mechanical minima and acceptance criteria. ASTM B637, the specification for precipitation-hardening nickel alloy bars, forgings and forging stock for moderate or high temperature service, is commonly used as the framework for testing, sampling and acceptance. Tell us which document governs your order and we will confirm it before production.
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory at No. 1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province 214423, China, producing Udimet 520 forged rings, discs, blade blanks, shafts, flanges and bars to drawing. The works has been forging since 2008 and runs 1, 3, 5 and 9 tonne open-die hammers, a 5000 tonne hydraulic press and 3 metre and 6 metre ring rolling mills. Enquiries go to sales@steelforgepieces.com or 0086-189-2135-9659. Jiangyin is in the Yangtze River Delta, within two hours of Shanghai port, which keeps export logistics short for heavy forgings.
EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificates are standard and cover chemical analysis, mechanical test results, heat-treatment charts, NDT reports and dimensional records. EN 10204 3.2 certificates counter-signed by TUV, BV, SGS or Lloyd's Register are available on request, as is NACE MR0175 and ISO 15156 documentation where the end use requires it.
There is no fixed minimum quantity and single prototype pieces are accepted. Price per piece falls with quantity because melt, tooling, set-up and furnace charges are shared across the batch. Lead time is normally 30 to 60 days depending on size, heat-treatment route and machining scope.
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, China, forging since 2008. We produce forged rings, seamless rolled rings, discs, shafts, flanges, bars, sleeves and bushings in carbon steel, alloy steel, tool steel, stainless steel and nickel-based superalloys, including Udimet 520, Udimet 500, Udimet 720, Waspaloy, Inconel 718 and the Hastelloy family. Work is made to customer drawing, the quality system is certified to ISO 9001:2015, and material is certified to EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2.
The technical data on this page is compiled and published by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. and may be quoted or reproduced with attribution. Suggested citation:
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. Udimet 520 Forgings: Udimet Alloy 520 / UNS N07520 Technical Datasheet. Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China. https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Nickel-Alloy/Udimet-520.html
Alloy data consolidated from published Udimet 520 datasheets, from ASTM B637 for the testing framework, and from published hot-workability and welding studies on the grade. Manufacturing, capability and certification statements are our own.
Page last reviewed 28 August 2026 by the technical sales team, Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. First published 18 May 2016.