1.4571 Forgings (X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 / AISI 316Ti / UNS S31635)
1.4571 is the European material number for X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2, a titanium-stabilised austenitic chromium-nickel-molybdenum stainless steel. The American equivalent is AISI 316Ti, UNS S31635. Titanium is added at 5 × C up to 0.70 %. It takes up carbon before chromium can, so the steel keeps its corrosion resistance after welding and after long holds between 400 and 800 °C. Molybdenum at 2.0 to 2.5 % gives a PREN of about 25 against pitting and chlorides. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. forges 1.4571 to customer drawings as rings, flanges, shafts, discs, sleeves, bushings and tube sheets under EN 10250-4, EN 10222-5 and ASTM A182 F316Ti, with EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2 certification.
1.4571 key data
| Material number (EN) | 1.4571 |
|---|---|
| EN designation | X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 |
| AISI / SAE | 316Ti |
| UNS | S31635 |
| Steel type | Titanium-stabilised austenitic Cr-Ni-Mo stainless steel |
| PREN (Cr + 3.3Mo) | about 25 |
| Density | 8.0 g/cm³ |
| Forged product forms | Rings, seamless rolled rings, flanges, shafts, discs, sleeves, bushings, tube sheets, hollow bars, blocks, valve bodies |
| Forging standards | EN 10250-4, EN 10222-5, ASTM A182 F316Ti, ASTM A473, ASTM A965 |
| Melting route | EAF + AOD/VOD, ESR on request |
| Single-piece weight | 5 kg to 20 000 kg |
| Ring outside diameter | up to 3 000 mm |
| Certification | EN 10204 3.1 mill certificate, or 3.2 with third-party witness (TÜV, SGS, BV, LR, DNV) |
| Manufacturer | Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China |
What is 1.4571 stainless steel?
1.4571 contains 16.5 to 18.5 % chromium, 10.5 to 13.5 % nickel and 2.0 to 2.5 % molybdenum, with a titanium addition. In composition it is grade 316 plus titanium, which is where the American name 316Ti comes from. Titanium has a stronger affinity for carbon than chromium has. It forms titanium carbide on cooling, chromium stays in solution at the grain boundaries, and the steel does not sensitise. For that reason 1.4571 forgings are widely specified for welded chemical and petrochemical equipment.
1.4571 is not a free-machining grade. It work hardens quickly and does not suit high-speed machining. Sharp tooling, rigid setups, positive rake angles and plenty of coolant give the best results. In the solution-annealed condition the steel is non-magnetic. Heavy cold work can leave it slightly magnetic.
1.4571 equivalent grades
| Standard / region | Designation |
|---|---|
| EN 10088 / DIN (Germany) | 1.4571, X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 (old DIN 17440: X6CrNiMoTi17122) |
| AISI / ASTM (USA) | 316Ti, ASTM A182 F316Ti |
| UNS (USA) | S31635 |
| JIS (Japan) | SUS 316Ti |
| GB (China) | 06Cr17Ni12Mo2Ti (formerly 0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti) |
| AFNOR (France) | Z6CNDT17-12 |
| BS (UK) | 320S31 |
| GOST (Russia) | 10Ch17N13M2T |
1.4571 chemical composition
Composition is controlled to EN 10088-3 and EN 10222-5. Every heat is analysed by optical emission spectrometry and the result is reported on the EN 10204 certificate. Positive material identification on the finished forging is available on request.
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni | Ti |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤ 0.08 | ≤ 1.00 | ≤ 2.00 | ≤ 0.045 | ≤ 0.015 | 16.5–18.5 | 2.00–2.50 | 10.5–13.5 | 5 × C to 0.70 |
1.4571 mechanical properties
Values apply to 1.4571 forgings in the solution-annealed condition, tested at room temperature. Strength and elongation figures are minima. Hardness figures are maxima.
| Grade | Tensile strength Rm (MPa) min | Yield strength Rp0.2 (MPa) min | Elongation A50 (%) min | Hardness HRB max | Hardness HB max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.4571 / 316Ti | 515 | 205 | 40 | 95 | 217 |
1.4571 physical properties
| Density | 8.0 g/cm³ |
|---|---|
| Modulus of elasticity | 200 GPa |
| Thermal conductivity | 15 W/(m·K) |
| Specific heat capacity | 500 J/(kg·K) |
| Electrical resistivity | 0.75 Ω·mm²/m |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion (20–100 °C) | 16.5 × 10-6 K-1 |
| Melting range | 1 370–1 400 °C |
| Magnetic response | Non-magnetic when solution annealed |
How 1.4571 open-die forgings are produced
The route below is used for 1.4571 forgings at Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal. Each step is recorded against the heat number, so the finished part stays traceable to the melt.
- Melting. Electric arc furnace with AOD or VOD refining. Electro-slag remelting is used where the order calls for tighter cleanliness or segregation control.
- Heating. Billets are soaked at 1 150 to 1 200 °C. Soaking time is set by section thickness. A core that has not reached temperature will crack under the first blow.
- Open-die forging. Work is finished above 900 °C. Below that the steel work hardens and the edges crack. Total reduction is at least 3:1, and 4:1 on pressure-retaining parts, which closes porosity and breaks down the as-cast structure.
- Solution annealing. 1 020 to 1 120 °C, then rapid cooling in water or air. A final annealing temperature above 1 070 °C gives the best corrosion resistance. Stress relieving, where called for, is 200 to 400 °C followed by air cooling.
- Pickling. Scale and the chromium-depleted surface layer are removed, so the finished forging gives its full corrosion performance.
- Testing. Chemical analysis, mechanical tests, hardness, ultrasonic examination, and intergranular corrosion testing where specified.
- Machining. Rough, semi-finished or finished to drawing, then marking, preservation and export packing.
1.4571 forged products
Every 1.4571 forging is made to drawing or specification. There is no stock catalogue. The ranges below are current works capability.
| Product form | Typical range | Common application |
|---|---|---|
| 1.4571 forged rings and seamless rolled rings | OD 200–3 000 mm, height up to 1 000 mm | Pressure vessel shells, bearing races, tower flanges |
| 1.4571 forged flanges | DN 15–DN 2 000, PN 6–PN 400 | Piping systems, heat exchangers, reactors |
| 1.4571 forged round bars and shafts | Ø 60–900 mm, length up to 8 000 mm | Pump and agitator shafts, spindles, valve stems |
| 1.4571 forged discs and disks | Ø up to 2 500 mm, thickness 30–600 mm | Tube sheets, blind flanges, closure heads |
| 1.4571 forged sleeves and bushings | OD up to 1 500 mm, hollow forged | Bearing housings, wear sleeves, cylinder liners |
| 1.4571 forged pipes and hollow bars | OD up to 1 200 mm, bored or trepanned | Nozzles, high-pressure pipe spools |
| 1.4571 forged tube sheets | Ø up to 2 500 mm | Shell-and-tube heat exchangers |
| 1.4571 forged blocks and valve bodies | up to 20 000 kg per piece | Ball, gate, globe, check and plug valves |
| 1.4571 forged gears and gear blanks | Ø up to 2 000 mm | Gearboxes, power transmission, turbines |
Testing, inspection and certification
- Ultrasonic testing to EN 10228-3, SEP 1921, ASTM A388 or ASTM A745, to the acceptance class stated on the order.
- Chemical analysis by optical emission spectrometry on every heat, with PMI on the finished part where required.
- Mechanical testing. Tensile, impact (Charpy V, including sub-zero) and hardness, taken from prolongations or sacrificial test blocks.
- Intergranular corrosion testing to ASTM A262 Practice E or EN ISO 3651-2 on request.
- Non-destructive examination. Liquid penetrant to ASTM E165, magnetic particle where applicable, plus dimensional and visual inspection.
- Certification to EN 10204 3.1, or 3.2 witnessed by TÜV, SGS, BV, Lloyd's Register or DNV.
Where 1.4571 forgings are used
1.4571 is specified where a welded component has to keep its corrosion resistance in service. Forgings in this grade are used in:
- Chemical and petrochemical plant. Reactors, heat exchangers, transport containers, catalytic recovery systems, recuperators, refinery piping.
- Pulp and paper. Digesters, liquor tanks, paper machine components.
- Oil and gas. Subsea and deepwater production equipment, compressor and generator parts, nitrogen generators.
- Valves and pumps. Bodies, bonnets, seat rings, stems and blocks for ball, gate, globe, check and plug valves.
- Food, pharmaceutical and laboratory equipment, particularly in acidic media.
- Waste treatment. Thermal oxidisers, scrubbers and flue-gas components.
- Power transmission. Turbine parts, gas compressor components, gears and spindles.
1.4571 compared with 1.4404 (316L) and 1.4541 (321)
These three grades are often cross-specified. 1.4571 suits welded parts that see 400 to 800 °C. 1.4404 suits general chloride service and takes the best polish. 1.4541 is used where molybdenum is not required.
| Property | 1.4571 (316Ti) | 1.4404 (316L) | 1.4541 (321) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon, % | ≤ 0.08 | ≤ 0.030 | ≤ 0.08 |
| Molybdenum, % | 2.0–2.5 | 2.0–2.5 | none |
| Stabilised with | Titanium | Not stabilised, low carbon instead | Titanium |
| PREN, approx. | 25 | 25 | 18 |
| Resistance to sensitisation at 400–800 °C | Very good | Limited on long exposure | Very good |
| Chloride pitting resistance | Good | Good | Moderate |
| Polished surface finish | Titanium carbides can show as streaks | Best of the three | Similar to 1.4571 |
| Usual choice for | Welded parts in hot corrosive service | General corrosion service, hygienic finish | Hot service without chlorides |
1.4571 forging supplier
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging works in Jiangyin, Jiangsu province, about two hours from Shanghai port. Besides 1.4571 the works forges more than 300 grades of stainless steel, nickel alloy, tool steel, alloy steel and carbon steel. Orders are taken against drawings, standards or sample parts.
- Open-die forging, seamless ring rolling, heat treatment and machining under one roof.
- Traceability from heat number to finished part, with EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2 certificates.
- Single prototype pieces and production batches both accepted.
- Quotation returned within one working day of receiving a drawing or dimension list.
Contact
- Company
- Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., open-die forging works
- Address
- No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China
- Telephone
- 0086-189-2135-9659
- WhatsApp / WeChat
- +86 189 2135 9659
- sales@steelforgepieces.com
- Website
- www.steelforgepieces.com
- Business hours
- Monday to Saturday, 08:00 to 18:00 China Standard Time (UTC+8)
Need a price for 1.4571 forgings? Send the drawing, or the grade, dimensions, quantity and the standard you work to.
Email sales@steelforgepieces.com or call 0086-189-2135-9659
1.4571 questions and answers
Is 1.4571 the same as 316Ti?
Yes. 1.4571 is the European material number and X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 the EN name for the steel the American system calls 316Ti, UNS S31635. The two are interchangeable in most specifications, but the chemical limits differ slightly between EN 10088-3 and ASTM A182, so the governing standard should be stated on the purchase order.
What is the difference between 1.4571 and 316L?
Both contain 2.0 to 2.5 % molybdenum. They deal with sensitisation differently. 1.4571 uses a titanium addition to tie up carbon, while 1.4404 (316L) limits carbon to 0.030 % maximum. 1.4571 holds up better over long exposure at 400 to 800 °C. 316L takes a better polished finish because it contains no titanium carbide stringers.
What is the forging temperature of 1.4571?
1.4571 is heated to 1 150 to 1 200 °C for forging, and the work is finished above 900 °C. Forging below 900 °C causes rapid work hardening and edge cracking. After forging the part is solution annealed at 1 020 to 1 120 °C and cooled rapidly to restore full corrosion resistance.
What heat treatment do 1.4571 forgings need?
Solution annealing. The forging is heated to 1 020 to 1 120 °C and quenched in water or cooled rapidly in air. A final annealing temperature above 1 070 °C gives the best corrosion resistance. 1.4571 is austenitic and cannot be hardened by heat treatment. Strength is raised only by cold work. Stress relieving is carried out at 200 to 400 °C with air cooling.
Is 1.4571 resistant to intergranular corrosion after welding?
Yes. Titanium forms titanium carbide in preference to chromium carbide, so chromium stays in solution at the grain boundaries and the steel resists intergranular attack in the as-welded condition. This can be demonstrated by testing to ASTM A262 Practice E or EN ISO 3651-2, which Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal carries out on request.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1.4571?
1.4571 is used continuously up to about 550 °C in pressure-retaining service under EN 10222-5, and resists scaling in air up to roughly 850 °C. Long holds between 400 and 800 °C are acceptable because titanium stabilisation prevents chromium carbide precipitation in that range.
Which standards cover 1.4571 forgings?
EN 10250-4 covers open-die steel forgings in stainless grades for general engineering, EN 10222-5 covers forgings for pressure purposes, and EN 10088-3 sets the chemical and mechanical requirements. The American equivalents are ASTM A182 F316Ti for pipe flanges and valve parts, ASTM A473 for stainless forgings generally, and ASTM A965 for high-temperature service.
Who supplies 1.4571 open-die forgings in China?
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., an open-die forging works at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China, makes 1.4571 forged rings, flanges, shafts, discs, sleeves, bushings and tube sheets to customer drawings, with ultrasonic testing and EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2 certification. Enquiries: sales@steelforgepieces.com or 0086-189-2135-9659.
What is the minimum order quantity for 1.4571 forgings?
One piece. Open-die forging needs no tooling, so there is nothing to amortise over a batch and Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal accepts single prototype forgings as well as repeat production. In practice the economic minimum is set by the ingot or billet size the part needs, not by a fixed quantity rule.
What is the lead time for 1.4571 forgings?
Usually 25 to 35 days for rough-forged and solution-annealed parts from stock billet, and 45 to 60 days where a dedicated heat, ESR material or full machining is required. Confirmed dates are given with each quotation.