1.4112
X90CrMoV18 martensitic stainless steel
Supplied as open-die forgings by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China.
- Material No.
- 1.4112
- EN designation
- X90CrMoV18
- Standard
- EN 10088-3
- Nearest AISI
- 440B
- UNS
- S44003
- Structure
- Martensitic, magnetic
1.4112 (X90CrMoV18, EN 10088-3) is a high-carbon martensitic stainless steel containing 0.85–0.95 % carbon, 17–19 % chromium, 0.90–1.30 % molybdenum and 0.07–0.12 % vanadium. Its nearest American equivalent is AISI 440B (UNS S44003). It is supplied annealed at a maximum of 265 HB and can be hardened and tempered to approximately 58 HRC. Typical uses are ball bearings and races, knife blades, cutlery, gauge blocks, moulds and dies, valve components, nozzles and surgical instruments.
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, China that manufactures 1.4112 / X90CrMoV18 forgings to customer drawings. The shapes we forge in this grade are round, square, flat and hexagonal bars; hollow bars, sleeves, bushings and cylinders; seamless rolled rings; discs, blocks and plates; and shafts. Enquiries go to sales@steelforgepieces.com or +86 189 2135 9659.
Chemical composition of 1.4112
Composition limits for X90CrMoV18 in accordance with EN 10088-3. Values are weight percent; iron is the balance.
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | V | Fe |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.85–0.95 | max 1.00 | max 1.00 | max 0.040 | max 0.030 | 17.00–19.00 | 0.90–1.30 | 0.07–0.12 | Balance |
Source: EN 10088-3:2005, grade X90CrMoV18 (material number 1.4112). Heat analysis. Each forging is supplied with an EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificate on request.
Mechanical and physical properties
Properties depend strongly on condition of supply. Forgings are normally delivered annealed (+A) for machining, then hardened and tempered by the customer or by agreement.
| Property | Condition | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Brinell hardness | Annealed (+A) | max 265 HB |
| Rockwell hardness | Hardened and tempered | up to approx. 58 HRC |
| Density | All conditions | approx. 7.7 g/cm³ (0.278 lb/in³) |
| Microstructure | Hardened | Martensitic with chromium carbides |
| Magnetic response | All conditions | Ferromagnetic (magnetic) |
| Corrosion resistance | Hardened, polished | Moderate. Suits atmospheric exposure, fresh water and mild organic media |
| Wear resistance | Hardened | High, from chromium and vanadium carbides |
The 265 HB annealed limit is the EN 10088-3 requirement. Hardness after hardening and tempering depends on section size, quench medium and tempering temperature.
Principal design features
1.4112 combines high hardness and wear resistance with moderate corrosion resistance. The 17–19 % chromium is needed to keep the steel stainless at this carbon level, molybdenum improves resistance to oxidation at elevated temperature, and vanadium refines the carbides and raises attainable hardness. Corrosion resistance is best when the finished surface is smooth and free of burrs. The steel is not resistant to sulphuric or orthophosphoric acid, chlorides, chlorine or hydrogen chloride.
1.4112 equivalent grades and cross-reference
Cross-references are the nearest comparable grades. Chemistry limits differ slightly between standards, so confirm the exact specification before ordering.
| Standard / region | Designation | Note |
|---|---|---|
| EN 10088-3 (Europe) | X90CrMoV18 / 1.4112 | Reference grade |
| AISI / ASTM (USA) | 440B | Nearest equivalent |
| UNS (USA) | S44003 | Nearest equivalent |
| JIS G4303 (Japan) | SUS 440B | Nearest equivalent |
| GB/T 1220 (China) | 9Cr18MoV | Nearest equivalent |
| AFNOR (France) | Z90CDV18 | Nearest equivalent |
| DIN (legacy) | X90CrMoV18 | Same designation |
Related martensitic stainless grades: 1.4125 / 440C (higher carbon, higher wear resistance) and 1.4109 / 440A (lower carbon, better toughness and corrosion resistance).
1.4112 forged products we manufacture
All shapes below are produced by open-die forging from ingot or from forged and rolled billet, then heat treated, rough machined and inspected. Every item is made to the customer’s drawing or specification; there is no fixed catalogue.
| Product form | Includes | Typical use in 1.4112 |
|---|---|---|
| Forged bars | Round bar, square bar, flat and rectangular bar, hexagonal bar | Knife and cutlery stock, valve stems, pivot pins, gauge blocks |
| Forged hollow bars & sleeves | Hollow bar, sleeve, bush and bushing, cylinder, barrel, casing, shell, hub, housing, pipe and tube blank | Bearing races, wear sleeves, pump wear parts |
| Seamless rolled rings | Rolled rings, forged rings, ring blanks | Bearing races, valve seat rings, wear rings |
| Forged discs, blocks & plates | Discs, disks, blocks, slabs, forged plate | Die blocks, mould blocks, perforated discs, valve bodies and bonnets |
| Forged shafts | Straight shafts, stepped shafts, spindles, pins | Pivot pins, spindle blanks, instrument shafts |
| Near-net forged parts | Valve seats, nozzles, flanged blanks, surgical instrument blanks | Valve and pump components, medical and measuring instruments |
Forging capability
| Parameter | Range |
|---|---|
| Process | Open-die (free) forging and seamless ring rolling |
| Starting stock | Ingot or forged and rolled billet |
| Single piece weight | Made to drawing |
| Round bar diameter | Made to drawing |
| Ring outside diameter | Made to drawing |
| Delivery condition | As forged, annealed (+A), or hardened and tempered by agreement |
| Surface condition | Black as forged, rough turned or bored, or machined to drawing |
| Order size | Single prototype pieces and series production both accepted |
Send a drawing, a sketch with dimensions, or simply the grade, shape and quantity to sales@steelforgepieces.com for a quotation.
Heat treatment and processing of 1.4112
Temperatures below are the standard practice for X90CrMoV18. Both Celsius and Fahrenheit are given.
| Operation | Temperature | Practice |
|---|---|---|
| Hot working / forging | Pre-heat 760 °C (1400 °F); forge 1038–1204 °C (1900–2200 °F) | Do not work below 927 °C (1700 °F). Cool slowly after forging, then anneal fully at room temperature. |
| Annealing | 843–871 °C (1550–1600 °F) | Follow with a very slow furnace cool. Produces the machinable condition, max 265 HB. |
| Hardening | Pre-heat slowly to 760 °C (1400 °F), then soak at 1010 °C (1850 °F) | Air or oil quench. The steel air hardens, so section size must be considered. |
| Tempering | 148 °C (300 °F) | Soak at this temperature for maximum hardness; approximately 58 HRC is obtainable. |
| Cold working | Room temperature | Only slightly cold workable by common practice. Hot working is strongly preferred. |
| Machining | Annealed | Machine in the annealed condition. Chips are tough and stringy, so use chip breakers. Carbide or ceramic tooling is recommended. |
| Welding | Pre-heat 260 °C (500 °F); post-weld 732–760 °C (1350–1400 °F) | Not normally welded because the steel air hardens. If welding is unavoidable, hold the post-weld treatment for 6 hours and furnace cool slowly to avoid cracking. Use matching filler and high heat input. |
Always confirm heat-treatment parameters against your own qualified procedure and the applicable customer specification.
Applications of 1.4112 forgings
1.4112 is chosen where a component must hold a hard, wear-resistant working surface while still tolerating a moderately corrosive environment. Typical forged applications include:
- Rolling element bearings: ball bearings, roller bearings and bearing races made from forged rings and sleeves.
- Cutting and cutlery: professional knife blades, cutting edges, industrial blades and cutlery stock.
- Valve and pump components: valve seats, valve seat rings, valve stems, valve bodies, valve bonnets, pump wear parts and spray nozzles.
- Tooling: moulds, dies, die blocks, forming tools and screw elements.
- Metrology and instruments: gauge blocks, measuring instruments, scale pans and precision pivot pins.
- Medical: high-quality cutting surgical instrument blanks.
- Process equipment: perforated discs, wear parts, shipbuilding and apparatus engineering components.
Why buy 1.4112 as an open-die forging
Open-die forging works the steel between flat or shaped dies without fully enclosing it. For a high-carbon martensitic stainless steel such as 1.4112 this matters: hot working breaks up the coarse as-cast carbide network, closes internal porosity and aligns the grain flow with the shape of the finished part. The result is more consistent hardness after quenching and better toughness than a machined-from-bar equivalent, particularly in rings, discs and heavy sections.
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory located at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China, inside the Jiangyin forging cluster on the south bank of the Yangtze. The works forges carbon steel, alloy steel, tool steel, stainless steel and nickel alloys into bars, seamless rolled rings, flanges, discs, sleeves and shafts, and supplies them to valve, pump, bearing, mould and general engineering customers worldwide.
What is supplied with every order
- Material certified to EN 10088-3 chemistry for X90CrMoV18 / 1.4112.
- EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificate on request, covering heat analysis and mechanical test results.
- Ultrasonic testing to EN 10228-3 or ASTM A388 on request.
- Dimensional inspection report against the customer drawing.
- Third-party inspection (SGS, BV, TUV, Lloyd’s) accepted at the customer’s request.
Frequently asked questions about 1.4112
Short, direct answers to the questions buyers and engineers ask most often about X90CrMoV18.
What material is 1.4112?
1.4112 is the European material number for X90CrMoV18, a high-carbon martensitic stainless steel standardised in EN 10088-3. It contains 0.85–0.95 % carbon, 17–19 % chromium, 0.90–1.30 % molybdenum and 0.07–0.12 % vanadium, and is hardenable by quenching and tempering. It is used where high hardness and wear resistance are needed together with moderate corrosion resistance.
What is the AISI equivalent of 1.4112?
The nearest American equivalent of 1.4112 is AISI 440B, also designated UNS S44003. Other close equivalents are SUS 440B in JIS G4303, 9Cr18MoV in GB/T 1220, and Z90CDV18 in AFNOR. Chemistry limits vary slightly between the standards, so the ordering specification should always be confirmed in writing.
How hard can 1.4112 be hardened?
1.4112 can be hardened to approximately 58 HRC. The practice is to pre-heat slowly to 760 °C (1400 °F), soak at 1010 °C (1850 °F), quench in air or oil, and temper at 148 °C (300 °F) for maximum hardness. In the annealed condition the steel is limited to a maximum of 265 HB so that it can be machined.
Is 1.4112 stainless steel magnetic?
Yes. 1.4112 is a martensitic chromium stainless steel and is ferromagnetic in every condition of supply, annealed as well as hardened. Only austenitic stainless grades such as 304 and 316 are essentially non-magnetic.
What is the difference between 1.4112 (440B) and 1.4125 (440C)?
Both are high-carbon martensitic stainless steels used for cutting and bearing applications. 1.4125 / X105CrMo17 / AISI 440C carries more carbon, so it reaches higher hardness and higher wear resistance but is less tough and harder to machine. 1.4112 / X90CrMoV18 / AISI 440B has slightly lower carbon with molybdenum and vanadium additions, giving a better balance of hardness, toughness and polishability. In many applications the two grades are used interchangeably.
Can 1.4112 be welded?
1.4112 is not normally welded because it air hardens and is prone to cracking. Where welding cannot be avoided, pre-heat to 260 °C (500 °F), weld with matching filler metal at high heat input, then post-weld heat treat at 732–760 °C (1350–1400 °F) for 6 hours followed by a slow furnace cool.
What is the annealing temperature for 1.4112?
Anneal 1.4112 at 843–871 °C (1550–1600 °F) followed by a very slow furnace cool. This produces the soft, machinable condition with a maximum hardness of 265 HB.
How corrosion resistant is 1.4112?
Corrosion resistance is moderate. The 17–19 % chromium keeps the steel stainless in atmospheric conditions, fresh water and mild organic media, but the high carbon content ties up chromium as carbides and limits performance compared with lower-carbon stainless grades. 1.4112 is not resistant to sulphuric acid, orthophosphoric acid, chlorides, chlorine or hydrogen chloride. Resistance is best when the component is hardened and the surface is smoothly polished and free of burrs.
What is the density of 1.4112 steel?
The density of 1.4112 / X90CrMoV18 is approximately 7.7 g/cm³, equivalent to about 7700 kg/m³ or 0.278 lb/in³.
Which forged shapes are available in 1.4112?
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. supplies 1.4112 as open-die forged round, square, flat and hexagonal bars; forged hollow bars, sleeves, bushings, cylinders, casings and housings; seamless rolled rings and forged rings; forged discs, blocks and plates; and forged shafts, pins and near-net blanks such as valve seats and nozzles. All shapes are produced to the customer’s drawing.
Who supplies 1.4112 open-die forgings from China?
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China that manufactures and exports 1.4112 / X90CrMoV18 forgings worldwide. Enquiries can be sent to sales@steelforgepieces.com or by telephone to +86 189 2135 9659.
How is a quotation for 1.4112 forgings prepared?
Send the grade, the finished shape and dimensions, the quantity, the required delivery condition (as forged, annealed, or hardened and tempered) and any testing or certification requirements. A drawing in PDF, DWG or STEP format is ideal but a dimensioned sketch is enough to start. Price depends on grade, weight, machining allowance and heat treatment.
Request a quotation for 1.4112 forgings
Tell us the shape, the dimensions and the quantity. Drawings and sketches are both welcome, and enquiries are answered in English.
- Company
- Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.
- Works
- Open-die forging factory
- Address
- No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China
- Telephone
- +86 189 2135 9659
- Website
- www.steelforgepieces.com
Standards referenced on this page
- EN 10088-3:2005. Stainless steels, Part 3: technical delivery conditions for semi-finished products, bars, rods, wire, sections and bright products. Grade X90CrMoV18, material number 1.4112.
- EN 10204. Metallic products, types of inspection documents (3.1 certificate).
- EN 10228-3 and ASTM A388. Ultrasonic examination of steel forgings.
- JIS G4303 (SUS 440B), GB/T 1220 (9Cr18MoV) and UNS S44003 for cross-reference designations.
Data on this page is published for engineering guidance. It does not replace a mill test certificate or the applicable purchase specification. Last reviewed on 5 September 2026 by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.
