Nickel alloy · UNS K94800 · W.Nr. 1.3922 · ASTM F30 · DIN 17745
Nilo 48 Forgings
Seamless rolled rings, discs, round bars, shafts, flanges, sleeves, bushings and tube sheets, open-die forged in nickel-iron controlled-expansion alloy Nilo 48 to ASTM F30 and DIN 17745.
Nilo 48 (UNS K94800, W.Nr. 1.3922) is a binary nickel-iron alloy with a nominal 48% nickel content and iron as the balance. Chromium is limited to 0.25% and there are no hardening additions. At 48% nickel the alloy has a coefficient of thermal expansion close to that of soft lead and soda-lime glass, so a glass-to-metal seal made with it withstands repeated heating and cooling without cracking. The alloy is selected on that expansion figure. Its mechanical strength is ordinary and it has no corrosion resistance.
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China. It forges Nilo 48 to customer drawings: rings, discs, bars, shafts, flanges, sleeves, bushings and tube sheets. Parts are supplied fully annealed, ultrasonically tested and certified to EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2. For a quotation, contact sales@steelforgepieces.com or +86 189 2135 9659.
Nilo 48 at a glance
- Grade
- Nilo 48 (also written Nilo48, NILO® alloy 48)
- UNS number
K94800- Werkstoff / DIN
1.3922·1.3926·1.3927· DIN 17745- Generic name
- Alloy 48 · Glass Sealing Alloy 48
- Alloy family
- Binary nickel-iron, controlled expansion, non age-hardenable
- Nominal composition
- Ni 48% · Fe bal. · Cr ≤0.25% · Mn ≤0.80%
- Wrought standard
- ASTM F30 (sheet, strip, rod, bar, tube, wire)
- Other specifications
- AFNOR NF A54-301 · MIL-I-23011 Cl.3 · AWS 092
- Delivery condition
- Annealed 850–1000 °C, air or water cooled
- Density
- 8.2 g/cm³ (0.296 lb/in³)
- Melting point
- ≈1,450 °C (2,640 °F)
- Inflection point
- ≈460 °C (860 °F)
- Mean CTE
- 8.5 µm/m·°C (20–100 °C) · 8.3–9.3 (20–300 °C)
- Designed for
- Glass-to-metal seals in soft lead and soda-lime glass
- Never use in
- Corrosive or oxidising service. The alloy rusts
- Max operating temp.
- 450 °C (840 °F)
- Certification
- EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2 (third-party witnessed)
- Forged by
- Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China
What Nilo 48 is, and when to specify it
Nilo 48 belongs to the group of controlled-expansion nickel-iron alloys that also includes Invar 36 and Alloy 42. Within this group the nickel content determines the coefficient of thermal expansion. Expansion is high below about 36% nickel, falls to the Invar minimum near zero at 36%, then rises steadily as nickel increases. At 48% nickel the expansion curve corresponds closely to that of soft lead and soda-lime glass.
A carbon steel part sealed into soda-lime glass normally fails on the first thermal cycle because the two materials expand at different rates. Nilo 48 and the glass expand at comparable rates, so the seal holds. Buyers specify the alloy on its expansion coefficient rather than on its mechanical or corrosion performance.
The second property of interest is the inflection point of approximately 460 °C (860 °F), which is the Curie temperature. Below it a magnetostrictive contraction offsets part of the normal thermal expansion, and this produces the controlled behaviour. Above it the effect disappears and the alloy expands like any other metal. Nilo 48 has the highest inflection point among the common nickel-iron grades, which is why it is used for industrial thermostats operating continuously at up to 450 °C.
Chromium is held below 0.25%, so no passive oxide film forms. Nilo 48 rusts in damp air and is attacked by acids. Parts in service are usually plated, nickel or gold flashed, hermetically sealed in glass, or kept dry or under vacuum. For corrosive duty, use a chromium-bearing grade such as Inconel 625, Incoloy 825 or Hastelloy C-276 and accept the different expansion behaviour.
Nilo 48 applies where a part must seal into, sit against or track the dimensions of soft lead or soda-lime glass, where a thermostat or temperature regulator operates up to 450 °C, and where a precision instrument, optical mount or composite mould requires a predictable and repeatable expansion coefficient. Where the lowest available expansion is required instead, use Invar 36.
Chemical composition of Nilo 48 (UNS K94800)
The composition is simple. Nickel is controlled to a nominal 48% because that value fixes the expansion coefficient. The remaining elements are held to impurity limits that keep the expansion curve repeatable from heat to heat.
| Element | Symbol | Min % | Max % | Why it is controlled |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nickel | Ni | 48.00 nominal | Determines the coefficient of thermal expansion. | |
| Iron | Fe | Balance | Matrix. | |
| Manganese | Mn | — | 0.80 | Deoxidiser and sulfur scavenger. Shifts the expansion coefficient if allowed to run high. |
| Silicon | Si | — | 0.30 | Deoxidiser. Impairs glass wetting above the limit. |
| Chromium | Cr | — | 0.25 | Held low. Chromium raises the expansion coefficient and disturbs sealing. |
| Aluminium | Al | — | 0.10 | Residual deoxidiser. Forms a tenacious oxide that impairs glass seals. |
| Carbon | C | — | 0.05 | Low carbon keeps the alloy soft and stable after annealing. |
| Phosphorus | P | — | 0.025 | Impurity limit. |
| Sulfur | S | — | 0.030 | Impurity limit. Some specification revisions tighten this to 0.025. |
| Cobalt | Co | Incidental | Not a deliberate addition in Nilo 48, unlike Nilo K and Kovar-type alloys. | |
Composition to ASTM F30 and the Special Metals NILO alloy 48 datasheet. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal melts Nilo 48 by EAF + VOD, with ESR remelting available where a tighter nickel band or improved centre soundness is required. The heat analysis of the actual forging is reported on the EN 10204 3.1 certificate.
Mechanical and physical properties of Nilo 48 forgings
Typical room-temperature values, annealed
| Property | Metric | Imperial | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tensile strength Rm | 545 MPa | 79 ksi | Typical annealed forged bar. The annealed band runs below 600 MPa (87 ksi) |
| Yield strength Rp0.2 | 248 MPa | 36 ksi | Typical annealed |
| Elongation A5 | 30% in 50 mm | 30% in 2 in. | Typical annealed |
| Hardness | ≈150 HB | ≈80 HRB | Typical annealed |
| Tensile strength, cold worked | 700–900 MPa | 102–131 ksi | Hard-drawn wire only. Not applicable to sealing parts |
| Max operating temperature | 450 °C | 840 °F | Annealed or cold worked |
Nilo 48 is a solid-solution alloy. It cannot be age hardened and there is no quench-and-temper route. Strength can be raised only by cold work, which has to be removed before the part enters service, so forgings are supplied at the annealed strength level shown above. Guaranteed values for a specific forging are agreed at order stage and verified on a coupon taken from the forging.
Physical properties
| Property | Value | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 8.2 g/cm³ | 0.296 lb/in³ |
| Melting point | ≈1,450 °C | ≈2,640 °F |
| Inflection (Curie) point | ≈460 °C | ≈860 °F |
| Thermal conductivity | 16.7 W/m·°C | 116 btu·in/ft²·h·°F |
| Magnetic behaviour | Ferromagnetic below the inflection point | |
| Structure | Austenitic (FCC), single phase, non age-hardenable | |
Thermal expansion: the property you are actually buying
Nilo 48 is specified on the figures in the table below. A forging that meets the chemical and mechanical requirements but not the expansion requirement will not perform in a sealing application.
| Temperature range | Mean CTE | Imperial range | Mean CTE, imperial |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20–100 °C | 8.5 µm/m·°C | 70–212 °F | 4.7 × 10⁻⁶ in/in·°F |
| 20–300 °C | 8.3–9.3 µm/m·°C | 70–572 °F | 4.6–5.2 × 10⁻⁶ in/in·°F |
These figures apply to fully annealed material. Residual cold work distorts the coefficients of thermal expansion. A part that has been forged, straightened, heavily machined or cold sized and then left unannealed will not match the glass it was designed for, and the seal will fail on thermal cycling. This is the most common cause of rejected controlled-expansion parts. Every Nilo 48 forging leaving our works is annealed at 850–1000 °C before despatch.
For critical seals, measured expansion data on the actual heat is preferable to the published band. Dilatometer results for the specific heat can be issued with the certificate on request.
Nilo 48 vs Invar 36 vs Alloy 42 vs Nilo K: how to choose
These four grades cover most controlled-expansion applications. The selection depends on the material the metal has to remain dimensionally matched to.
| Grade | Nominal composition | UNS | Typical mean CTE | Matched to | Choose it when |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Invar 36 | 36% Ni, bal. Fe | K93600 | 1.2–2.0 (20–100 °C) | Near-zero expansion, no sealing partner | Dimensional stability is the requirement: composite moulds, LNG containment, length standards, metrology |
| Alloy 42 / Nilo 42 | 42% Ni, bal. Fe | K94100 | 4.5–5.5 (20–300 °C) | Harder glasses, some ceramics | Semiconductor lead frames, thermostat rods, bimetal strip |
| Nilo K (Kovar type) | 29% Ni, 17% Co, bal. Fe | K94610 | ≈5.1 (20–300 °C) | Borosilicate glass, alumina ceramic | Mass-production hermetic seals to hard glass and ceramic |
| Nilo 48 | 48% Ni, bal. Fe | K94800 | 8.3–9.3 (20–300 °C) | Soft lead and soda-lime glass | Glass seals in ordinary soft glass; industrial thermostats running to 450 °C |
Identify the sealing material first. Soda-lime or soft lead glass takes Nilo 48. Borosilicate glass or alumina ceramic takes Nilo K. Where no glass is involved and the requirement is minimum movement with temperature, use Invar 36. Nilo 48 also has the highest inflection point of the four at approximately 460 °C, so it retains controlled expansion to the highest temperature.
CTE figures are typical published values in µm/m·°C for annealed material and vary with heat treatment, section size and the exact interval measured. Use them for grade selection, not for design calculation.
Nilo 48 equivalent designations
Nilo 48 appears under a number of names in drawings and specifications. The designations below all describe the same 48% nickel-iron controlled-expansion alloy.
| System / country | Designation | Note |
|---|---|---|
| UNS (USA) | K94800 | Primary numeric identifier |
| ASTM | ASTM F30 | Iron-nickel sealing alloys: sheet, strip, rod, bar, tubing, wire |
| Germany | 1.3922 · 1.3926 · 1.3927 | Werkstoff numbers, DIN 17745 |
| France | NF A54-301 | AFNOR |
| US military | MIL-I-23011 Class 3 | Sealing-alloy specification |
| Welding | AWS 092 | Classification |
| Trade names | NILO® 48 · Alloy 48 · Pernifer® 48 · Glass Sealing Alloy 48 · SUPRA 50 | Trade names are the property of their respective owners |
Enquiries arrive written as Nilo 48, Nilo48, Nilo 48 forging parts, Alloy 48 forged rings, UNS K94800 bar and 1.3922 forgings. These refer to the same material and are quoted on the same basis.
Applicable standards by product form
ASTM F30 covers wrought mill forms: sheet, strip, rod, bar, tubing and wire. It does not cover open-die forgings. Nilo 48 forgings are therefore ordered to ASTM F30 chemistry, with mechanical properties, heat-treatment condition, expansion requirement and NDT class written separately onto the purchase order.
| Subject | Standard | Applies to |
|---|---|---|
| Chemistry | ASTM F30 · DIN 17745 | Heat and product analysis limits |
| Ultrasonic testing | EN 10228-3 · SEP 1921 · ASTM A388 | Volumetric NDT; class stated on the order |
| Surface NDT | ASTM E165 (PT) | Liquid penetrant where specified |
| Tensile testing | ASTM E8 · ISO 6892-1 | Coupon from the forging |
| Hardness | ASTM E10 / E18 | Brinell / Rockwell |
| Thermal expansion | ASTM E228 | Dilatometer measurement, on request |
| Certification | EN 10204 3.1 · EN 10204 3.2 | Mill certificate; 3.2 third-party witnessed |
| Flanges | ASME B16.5 · B16.47 | Dimensional standard where flanges are ordered |
Nilo 48 forgings we produce
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory. Every item below is forged to the customer's drawing or dimensional sketch. There is no fixed catalogue, no tooling charge and no minimum order quantity by piece.
Size and weight capability
| Product form | Dimensional range | Unit weight |
|---|---|---|
| Seamless rolled rings | OD 200–3,000 mm, height to 800 mm | 20–8,000 kg |
| Round bars | Ø80–800 mm, length to 6,000 mm | 20–6,000 kg |
| Discs, tube sheets | Ø200–2,500 mm, thickness to 600 mm | 30–8,000 kg |
| Shafts, sleeves, blocks | To 6,000 mm long | To 8,000 kg |
Machining allowance is normally 6–20 mm per surface depending on section size, unless your drawing states otherwise. Finish-machined parts to print are also supplied. For controlled-expansion nickel-iron grades the practical maximum is set by available ingot size rather than by press capacity, so confirm large sizes with the enquiry. Plant: 1 t, 3 t, 5 t and 9 t open-die hammers, a 5,000-tonne hydraulic press, and 3 m and 6 m seamless ring-rolling mills.
Related forged product pages: forged rings and seamless rolled rings, forged disks and discs, forged tube sheets, forged valve seat rings and forged rolls.
How we make Nilo 48 forgings
- Melting. Nilo 48 stock is melted by EAF + VOD, with ESR remelting where a tighter nickel band, lower inclusion content or improved centre soundness is required. Silicon, aluminium and carbon are controlled at this stage, not corrected later.
- Heat verification. Heat chemistry is checked by optical emission spectrometer against the ASTM F30 limits before any material is heated, with particular attention to nickel, which sets the expansion coefficient, and to chromium and aluminium, which affect glass wetting.
- Open-die forging. Hot worked from approximately 1,150 °C down to 900 °C on hydraulic presses and hammers with a controlled reduction ratio, to close porosity and develop a wrought grain flow that follows the part contour. Rings are ring-rolled seamless. The workpiece is reheated rather than finished below the minimum forging temperature.
- Annealing. Held at 850–1000 °C (1,560–1,830 °F), roughly half an hour depending on section thickness, then air or water cooled. Annealing is a required step: residual cold work distorts the coefficient of thermal expansion, so the forging is not complete until it has been annealed.
- Descaling and machining. Descaled, then rough or finish machined to your drawing with the agreed allowance. Nilo 48 work-hardens and produces a stringy chip, so sharp tooling, positive rake, rigid setups, moderate surface speeds and flood coolant are used. Straight cutting oil, or soluble oil at about 20:1, suits turning, drilling and milling.
- Non-destructive testing. Ultrasonic examination to EN 10228-3, SEP 1921, ASTM A388 or your nominated class. Liquid penetrant and dimensional inspection as required.
- Certification and despatch. EN 10204 3.1 mill certificate as standard; 3.2 with third-party witness (TÜV, BV, LR, SGS, DNV) on request. Parts are hard stamped, oiled or VCI-wrapped against rusting, and crated for sea or air freight. Nilo 48 has no corrosion resistance and will mark in transit if packed dry.
Where Nilo 48 forgings are used
Nilo 48 is specified where a metal part has to remain dimensionally matched to a glass, a ceramic or an instrument reference over a temperature range.
| Sector | Components | Why Nilo 48 |
|---|---|---|
| Glass-to-metal sealing | Sealing rings, flanges, sleeves, tube sheets, eyelets | Expansion matched to soft lead and soda-lime glass, so the seal survives thermal cycling |
| Thermostats & regulators | Thermostat rods, shafts, spindles, bimetal strip components | Predictable expansion up to 450 °C, below the 460 °C inflection point |
| Lighting & vacuum devices | Lamp bulb seals, vacuum feedthroughs, envelope hardware | Hermetic glass seals in mass production |
| Microelectronics & semiconductors | Lead-frame blanks, component housings, header bodies | Dimensional match to sealing glass in packaged devices |
| Precision instruments & optics | Optical mounts, frames, balance wheels, pendulum and metrology parts | Repeatable, stable expansion coefficient |
| Aerospace composite tooling | Mould plates, blocks, layup frames | Expansion tailored to the cured laminate |
| Electrical equipment | Circuit-breaker parts, small transformer cores, magnetic shielding | Controlled expansion combined with ferromagnetic behaviour below 460 °C |
| Radar & microwave | Cavity resonator bodies, condenser blades, echo boxes and filters | Cavity dimensions stay stable as the unit heats |
Wet, acidic or oxidising service. Service above 460 °C where controlled expansion is required. Applications needing high strength, since the annealed alloy yields at about 248 MPa and cannot be hardened. Cryogenic and LNG containment normally calls for Invar 36 rather than Nilo 48, because that duty requires the lowest available expansion.
Testing, inspection and certification
Every Nilo 48 forging is released against a written certificate. The scope below is standard; anything additional is quoted on the enquiry.
| Check | Method / standard | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical analysis | Optical emission spectrometry, heat and product analysis; PMI on request | Standard |
| Ultrasonic testing | EN 10228-3, SEP 1921 or ASTM A388, class to order | Standard |
| Tensile & hardness | ASTM E8 / ISO 6892-1; coupon from the forging | Standard |
| Annealing record | Furnace chart for the 850–1000 °C cycle | Standard |
| Dimensional inspection | Full report against the approved drawing | Standard |
| Liquid penetrant | ASTM E165 | On request |
| Thermal expansion | Dilatometer to ASTM E228 on the actual heat | On request. Recommended for critical seals |
| Grain size / microstructure | ASTM E112, photomicrographs | On request |
| Certification | EN 10204 3.1 standard; 3.2 witnessed by TÜV, BV, LR, SGS or DNV | Standard / on request |
Chemical and mechanical test results confirm the material grade but do not verify its expansion behaviour. For hermetic or safety-critical glass seals, add ASTM E228 dilatometry on the heat to the order. The test is inexpensive and it verifies the property the alloy is bought for.
Frequently asked questions about Nilo 48
What is Nilo 48?
Nilo 48 is a binary nickel-iron controlled-expansion alloy containing a nominal 48% nickel with iron as the balance. It is designated UNS K94800, specified in ASTM F30 and DIN 17745, and carries Werkstoff numbers 1.3922, 1.3926 and 1.3927. Its coefficient of thermal expansion was designed to match soft lead and soda-lime glasses, which makes it the reference material for glass-to-metal seals in those glasses.
What is the chemical composition of Nilo 48?
Nickel 48.0% nominal with iron as the balance. Maximum limits are manganese 0.80%, silicon 0.30%, chromium 0.25%, aluminium 0.10%, carbon 0.05%, phosphorus 0.025% and sulfur 0.030%. Cobalt is incidental only. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. reports the actual heat analysis of every forging on the EN 10204 3.1 certificate.
What is the coefficient of thermal expansion of Nilo 48?
The mean coefficient of thermal expansion of annealed Nilo 48 is approximately 8.5 µm/m·°C over 20–100 °C and 8.3–9.3 µm/m·°C over 20–300 °C. In imperial units that is about 4.7 × 10⁻⁶ in/in·°F over 70–212 °F, and 4.6–5.2 × 10⁻⁶ in/in·°F over 70–572 °F. These values apply only to fully annealed material. Residual cold work distorts the expansion curve.
What is Nilo 48 used for?
The principal use is glass-to-metal seals in soft lead and soda-lime type glasses. Nilo 48 is also used for industrial thermostats operating to 450 °C, thermostatic bimetal strip, vacuum devices, electric lamp bulbs, semiconductor lead frames, microelectronic housings, precision instruments and optical devices, and tooling for aerospace composites.
What is the inflection point of Nilo 48 and why does it matter?
The inflection point of Nilo 48 is approximately 460 °C (860 °F). It is the Curie temperature, above which the magnetostrictive effect that produces the controlled expansion disappears and the alloy expands like an ordinary metal. The practical service limit for sealing and thermostat duty is therefore 450 °C, just below the inflection point. Nilo 48 has the highest inflection point of the common nickel-iron controlled-expansion grades, which is its main advantage over Invar 36 and Alloy 42.
What is the difference between Nilo 48, Invar 36 and Alloy 42?
Nickel content sets the expansion. Invar 36 (36% Ni) has the lowest expansion, roughly 1.2–2.0 µm/m·°C, and is used for dimensionally stable tooling, LNG containment and metrology. Alloy 42 (42% Ni) sits near 4.5–5.5 and suits semiconductor lead frames and harder glasses. Nilo 48 (48% Ni) is near 8.3–9.3, matched to soft lead and soda-lime glass, and has the highest inflection point of the three at about 460 °C.
Is Nilo 48 corrosion resistant?
No. Nilo 48 is a binary nickel-iron alloy with chromium held below 0.25%, so it forms no passive chromium oxide film. It rusts in damp air and is attacked by acids. It is selected for its thermal expansion. Parts in service are normally plated, nickel or gold flashed, hermetically sealed in glass, or kept dry. If the duty is corrosive, use a chromium-bearing grade such as Inconel 625, Incoloy 825 or Hastelloy C-276 instead.
Can Nilo 48 be open-die forged, and at what temperature?
Yes. It hot works readily and presents no unusual forging difficulty. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. forges Nilo 48 from a soak temperature of approximately 1,150 °C and finishes above roughly 900 °C, reheating rather than continuing to work the alloy cold. Forgings are then annealed at 850–1000 °C, held about half an hour depending on section, and air or water cooled.
Why must Nilo 48 be supplied annealed?
Residual cold work changes the coefficient of thermal expansion. A cold-worked Nilo 48 part will not match the glass it was designed to seal against, and the seal cracks on thermal cycling. The Nilo alloys are supplied and used in the annealed condition, and every Nilo 48 forging leaving our works is annealed at 850–1000 °C before despatch. Annealing time varies with section thickness.
Can Nilo 48 be hardened or strengthened?
Not usefully. Nilo 48 is a single-phase solid-solution alloy: it cannot be age hardened and there is no quench-and-temper route. Cold work raises tensile strength to 700–900 MPa, but cold work is exactly what has to be removed before the part is used, so forgings are supplied at the annealed level of about 545 MPa tensile, 248 MPa yield and 30% elongation. Where both controlled expansion and high strength are required, the design has to be revised rather than the heat treatment.
What forged shapes and sizes are available in Nilo 48?
Seamless rolled rings from 200 to 3,000 mm OD, round bars from Ø80 to Ø800 mm and up to 6,000 mm long, discs and tube sheets from Ø200 to Ø2,500 mm and up to 600 mm thick, and shafts, sleeves, bushings, flanges, blocks and valve components to drawing. Unit weights run from about 20 kg to 8,000 kg. There is no tooling charge and no minimum order quantity by piece.
What testing and certification are supplied with Nilo 48 forgings?
Ultrasonic testing to EN 10228-3, SEP 1921 or ASTM A388 to the class nominated on the order, plus spectrometric chemical analysis, PMI, tensile and hardness testing on a coupon from the forging, the annealing furnace chart, and full dimensional inspection. Certification is issued to EN 10204 3.1 as standard, or EN 10204 3.2 with third-party witness such as TÜV, BV, LR, SGS or DNV. Dilatometer expansion testing to ASTM E228 is available on request.
Who manufactures Nilo 48 forgings and how do I request a quotation?
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., an open-die forging factory at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China, forges Nilo 48 to customer drawing. Send the drawing or dimensions with machining allowance, quantity, delivery condition, NDT class, certificate type and required date to sales@steelforgepieces.com or call +86 189 2135 9659. Quotations are normally returned within one working day.
Request a quotation for Nilo 48 forgings
Send a drawing, a sketch, or just the dimensions
We quote open-die forgings in Nilo 48 with no tooling charge and no piece minimum. Useful details if you have them: grade and standard (Nilo 48 / UNS K94800 / W.Nr. 1.3922 / ASTM F30), product form, dimensions with machining allowance, quantity, delivery condition, NDT class, certificate type (EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2), whether dilatometer expansion testing is required, and your required delivery date.
- Company
- Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.
- Business
- Open-die forging factory, since 2008
- Address
- No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China
- Telephone / WhatsApp
- +86 189 2135 9659
- Website
- www.steelforgepieces.com