X20CrMoV11-1 (1.4922) Forgings: Composition, Properties and Supply
Technical data for EN grade X20CrMoV11-1, formerly DIN 17175 X20CrMoV12-1, with open-die forged bars, rings, discs, shafts and valve parts made to drawing in Jiangyin, China.
X20CrMoV11-1, EN material number 1.4922, is a martensitic creep-resisting chromium steel. It contains 10.0 to 12.5 % Cr, 0.80 to 1.20 % Mo and 0.25 to 0.35 % V. The grade runs up to about 580 °C in creep service and resists scaling to about 700 °C, which is why it turns up in steam turbine, boiler and high-pressure valve work. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. forges it to drawing in the +NT and +QT conditions, with EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2 certification.
Quick facts
| EN designation | X20CrMoV11-1 |
|---|---|
| EN material number | 1.4922 |
| Former DIN 17175 name | X20CrMoV12-1, also written X 20 CrMoV 12 1 |
| Classification | Alloy special martensitic creep-resisting steel |
| Standards | EN 10302:2008, EN 10222-2:2000, EN 10216-2:2014, EN 10088-1:2005 |
| Density | 7.7 g/cm³ |
| Creep service limit | about 580 °C |
| Scaling resistance | about 700 °C |
| Delivery condition | +NT (normalised and tempered) or +QT (quenched and tempered) |
| Forged forms | Bars, hollow bars, seamless rolled rings, discs, shafts, valve bodies |
| Supplier | Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China |
Compiled from EN 10302:2008, EN 10216-2:2014, EN 10222-2:2000 and EN 10088-1:2005. Last reviewed 19 September 2026.
What is X20CrMoV11-1?
X20CrMoV11-1 is a 12 % chromium steel built for pressure service at high temperature. The chromium supplies the oxide film that keeps scaling down. Molybdenum does most of the creep strengthening. Vanadium throws out fine carbides during tempering that slow the structure down at working temperature. After normalising or quenching the steel is martensitic, and the high temper at 730 to 780 °C brings it to tempered martensite, which is where the toughness comes from.
Germany standardised the grade as X20CrMoV12-1 under DIN 17175. The European system kept the same material number, 1.4922, and renamed it X20CrMoV11-1. A great deal of European boiler and turbine plant was built with it, so it still comes up on spare-part and retrofit orders, and on valve work for plants originally designed to DIN rules.
The steel hardens in air, and that matters at every stage. Forging, heat treatment and welding all need the heating and cooling controlled, and a hot forging left to cool on the floor can crack. Handled properly it gives 700 to 850 MPa tensile strength and holds creep strength at 550 to 580 °C.
Standards covering X20CrMoV11-1
| Standard | Scope | Relevance to forgings |
|---|---|---|
| EN 10302:2008 | Creep resisting steels, nickel and cobalt alloys | Main source of composition limits and creep data |
| EN 10222-2:2000 | Steel forgings for pressure purposes, ferritic and martensitic steels with specified elevated temperature properties | The forging standard usually quoted on orders |
| EN 10216-2:2014 | Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes | Source of the heat-treatment windows |
| EN 10088-1:2005 | Stainless steels, list of stainless steels | Lists 1.4922 with slightly tighter Si, Mn and V limits |
| DIN 17175 (withdrawn) | Seamless tubes of heat-resistant steels | Where the name X20CrMoV12-1 came from |
Where a purchase order cites a particular standard, we certify to that standard rather than to a general datasheet.
Equivalent and related grades
| System | Designation | Relationship |
|---|---|---|
| EN, current | X20CrMoV11-1 / 1.4922 | The grade itself |
| DIN 17175, former | X20CrMoV12-1 | Same material, older name, same number 1.4922 |
| EN, related | X22CrMoV12-1 / 1.4923 | Close but not the same. Higher carbon. Substitute only with engineering approval |
| China GB | 1Cr11MoV | Nearest domestic grade. Check the element ranges before substituting |
| Spelling variants | X 20 CrMoV 11-1, X20CrMoV111, X20CrMoV11.1, X 20 CRMoV 11-1 | Formatting variants of the same designation |
Chemical composition of X20CrMoV11-1 (1.4922)
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni | V |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.17 to 0.23 | max 0.50 | max 1.00 | max 0.025 | max 0.015 | 10.0 to 12.5 | 0.80 to 1.20 | 0.30 to 0.80 | 0.25 to 0.35 |
Balance iron. EN 10088-1:2005 sets slightly different limits: Si max 0.40 %, Mn min 0.30 %, V min 0.20 %. State on the order which standard governs.
What each element does
- Chromium 10.0 to 12.5 %. Forms the protective oxide that gives scaling resistance to about 700 °C, and keeps the structure martensitic.
- Molybdenum 0.80 to 1.20 %. The main creep-strengthening addition. It is what holds rupture strength up over 100,000 hours of service.
- Vanadium 0.25 to 0.35 %. Precipitates fine V-rich carbides during tempering that resist coarsening at 550 to 580 °C.
- Nickel 0.30 to 0.80 %. Keeps delta-ferrite out and lifts toughness in heavy sections.
- Carbon 0.17 to 0.23 %. Sets hardenability and carbide volume. The narrow band is what keeps the steel weldable at all.
- P max 0.025 %, S max 0.015 %. Impurity ceilings that protect long-term creep ductility and hold down temper embrittlement.
Mechanical properties
| Property | +NT, normalised and tempered | +QT, quenched and tempered |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile strength Rm | 690 to 840 MPa | 700 to 850 MPa |
| Yield or proof strength | ReH min 490 MPa | Rp0.2 min 500 MPa |
| Elongation A, longitudinal | min 17 % | min 15 to 16 % |
| Elongation A, transverse | min 14 % | min 15 to 16 % |
| Impact energy KV, longitudinal, +20 °C | min 40 J | min 27 to 39 J |
| Impact energy KV, transverse, +20 °C | not specified | min 27 J |
Values to EN 10302:2008 and EN 10222-2:2000. The exact minima depend on ruling section thickness and on the standard cited on the order. For heavy forgings the test-piece location is agreed at enquiry stage.
Physical properties
| Property | Typical value |
|---|---|
| Density | 7.7 g/cm³ |
| Modulus of elasticity | 190 to 216 GPa |
| Shear modulus | about 76 GPa |
| Poisson's ratio | about 0.28 |
| Thermal conductivity | about 24 W/(m·K) |
| Specific heat capacity | about 470 J/(kg·K) |
| Thermal expansion coefficient | about 11 × 10-6 /K |
| Melting range | about 1410 to 1460 °C |
Physical properties are typical literature values for design screening. They are not guaranteed by the delivery standards and are not certified on the mill test certificate.
Heat treatment
| Operation | Temperature | Cooling | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forging | 1100 to 1150 °C start, finish above 850 °C | Slow, in furnace or insulated pit | Never leave a hot forging to air-cool unsupported. The steel air-hardens and it will crack |
| Annealing for machining | about 800 to 840 °C | Slow furnace cool | Intermediate step before final heat treatment |
| Normalising (+N) | 1020 to 1080 °C | Air | To EN 10216-2:2014 |
| Tempering | 730 to 780 °C | Air | Sets the final strength and toughness balance |
| Quenching, +QT route | 1020 to 1070 °C | Oil or air | Used for heavy sections and wall thickness over 25 mm |
Section size decides between +NT and +QT. A thin wall transforms right through in air, so +NT is enough. In a heavy forging the core cools too slowly and keeps untransformed structure, so it gets quenched to make the whole section martensitic before tempering. EN 10216-2 leaves that call to the manufacturer but requires it to be stated to the customer at enquiry and order stage. We put the intended route in the quotation.
Forged products and capability
We are an open-die forging factory at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China. X20CrMoV11-1 parts are forged to customer drawing from certified ingot or billet, heat treated in house, and shipped with an EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2 certificate.
Product forms
| Form | Examples |
|---|---|
| Bars | Round bars, square and rectangular bars, flat bars, hexagonal bars |
| Hollow sections | Hollow bars, sleeves, bushings, pipes, barrels, casings, shells, cylinders, hubs, housings |
| Rings | Seamless rolled rings, steam turbine gland seal rings, sealing and guide rings |
| Solids | Blocks, discs, disks, plates |
| Rotating parts | Rotor shafts, wheels, blades, impellers, bolts, studs |
| Valve parts | Gate, check and control valve bodies and bonnets, valve stems, spindles, rods, seats, discs |
Size and process range
| Parameter | Range |
|---|---|
| Single-piece weight | 5 kg to 30 t |
| Round bar diameter | 80 to 1200 mm |
| Rolled ring outside diameter | 200 to 4000 mm |
| Machining | Rough-turned, semi-finished or finish-machined to drawing |
| Melting route | EAF + LF + VD, with ESR on request |
| Lead time | 25 to 45 days after order confirmation, depending on size |
Where the grade is used
- Steam turbines. Rotor shafts, wheels, blades, gland seal rings, guide rings and diaphragm parts running at 500 to 580 °C.
- Power boilers. Superheater and reheater headers, fittings, sleeves and pressure-retaining forgings in subcritical and supercritical units.
- High-pressure valves. Bodies, bonnets, stems, spindles, seats and discs for main steam and hot reheat lines.
- Compressors and turbomachinery. Impellers, discs, bolts and studs where creep and oxidation both have to be dealt with.
- Petrochemical and refinery plant. Reactor internals and hot-service piping parts built to DIN or EN rules.
- Retrofit and spares. Replacement parts for older plant originally specified as X20CrMoV12-1.
For sustained creep duty above about 580 °C the 9 % Cr grades P91 (X10CrMoVNb9-1) and P92 are normally specified instead. Below about 500 °C a lower-alloy steel such as 13CrMo4-5 or 42CrMo4 will usually do the job for less money. X20CrMoV11-1 sits between the two.
Welding and machining
Welding
The grade welds, but it air-hardens, so the heat-affected zone goes hard unless the thermal cycle is held. Normal practice is preheat and interpass at 300 to 400 °C with a matching filler. Do not let the joint cool below the preheat range before post-weld heat treatment. PWHT runs at about 730 to 760 °C with controlled cooling afterwards. Procedures have to be qualified. Dissimilar joints to low-alloy or austenitic material need a buttering or transition design worked out in advance.
Machining
Machine in the annealed or tempered condition, not as-forged. Rigid setup, sharp carbide tooling, moderate speeds, plenty of coolant. The steel work-hardens, so a light rubbing cut does more harm than a firm one: keep the feed positive and the depth of cut steady. We can supply parts rough-turned with allowance, semi-finished, or finished to drawing.
Testing and certification
- Chemical analysis. Spectrometric heat analysis, plus product analysis on the finished forging on request.
- Mechanical testing. Tensile, Charpy V-notch impact and hardness, at room temperature or at elevated temperature where specified.
- Non-destructive testing. Ultrasonic examination to the acceptance class stated on the order, with magnetic particle or dye penetrant inspection.
- Metallurgical checks. Grain size, microstructure, and delta-ferrite assessment where required.
- Dimensional inspection. Full dimensional report against the customer drawing.
- Certification. EN 10204 3.1 as standard. 3.2 with third-party witness (TUV, BV, SGS, Lloyd's or the customer's own inspector) on request.
How to order
Send a drawing and we will come back with a firm price, weight and lead time. Putting the following in the enquiry saves a round of emails:
- Drawing or dimensioned sketch, with machining allowance if you already know it
- Grade and governing standard, for example X20CrMoV11-1 to EN 10222-2
- Delivery condition, +NT or +QT
- Quantity and required delivery date
- Testing scope and certificate type, EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2
- Any NDT acceptance class or customer specification to apply
- Surface condition: as-forged, rough-turned, semi-finished or finish-machined
Frequently asked questions
What is X20CrMoV11-1 steel?
X20CrMoV11-1, EN material number 1.4922, is a martensitic creep-resisting chromium steel holding 10.0 to 12.5 % Cr, 0.80 to 1.20 % Mo and 0.25 to 0.35 % V. It runs up to about 580 °C in creep service and resists scaling to about 700 °C, which is why it turns up in steam turbine, boiler and high-pressure valve work.
Is X20CrMoV11-1 the same as X20CrMoV12-1?
For practical purposes yes. X20CrMoV12-1 is the older DIN 17175 name and X20CrMoV11-1 is the current EN name. Both carry material number 1.4922. X22CrMoV12-1 (1.4923) is a different grade with slightly higher carbon and should not be substituted without engineering approval.
Is 1.4922 a stainless steel?
It appears in EN 10088-1:2005, the list of stainless steels, because the chromium content clears 10.5 %. In practice it is bought as a creep-resisting steel, not a corrosion-resisting one. The chromium is there for high-temperature oxidation resistance, not for wet corrosion service.
What is the chemical composition of 1.4922?
To EN 10302:2008: C 0.17 to 0.23 %, Si max 0.50 %, Mn max 1.00 %, P max 0.025 %, S max 0.015 %, Cr 10.0 to 12.5 %, Mo 0.80 to 1.20 %, Ni 0.30 to 0.80 %, V 0.25 to 0.35 %, balance iron. EN 10088-1:2005 sets slightly different limits: Si max 0.40 %, Mn min 0.30 %, V min 0.20 %.
What is the maximum service temperature?
About 580 °C for long-term creep service, with oxidation and scaling resistance to roughly 700 °C. For sustained duty above 580 °C the 9 % Cr grades P91 and P92 are normally specified instead.
What heat treatment is applied to X20CrMoV11-1 forgings?
Two routes are standard. +NT: normalise at 1020 to 1080 °C, air cool, then temper at 730 to 780 °C and air cool. +QT: austenitise at 1020 to 1070 °C, quench in oil or air, then temper at 730 to 780 °C. Heavy forgings usually need +QT to get a fully martensitic core.
Should I order +NT or +QT?
Follow the design specification. As a rough guide, thin sections transform right through in air and are supplied +NT, while heavy forgings and wall thicknesses over about 25 mm are supplied +QT so the core is martensitic before tempering. If the specification does not say, ask for the manufacturer's recommendation in the quotation.
Can X20CrMoV11-1 be welded?
Yes, with the thermal cycle held. Normal practice is preheat and interpass at 300 to 400 °C, a matching filler, no cooling below the preheat range before post-weld heat treatment, and PWHT at about 730 to 760 °C. Welding without that control leaves hard, crack-prone martensite in the heat-affected zone.
What forms can X20CrMoV11-1 be forged into?
Round, square, flat and hexagonal bars; hollow bars, sleeves, bushings and cylinders; seamless rolled rings including turbine gland seal and guide rings; blocks, discs and plates; rotor shafts, wheels, blades, impellers, bolts and studs; valve bodies, bonnets, stems, seats and discs.
What is the Chinese equivalent of X20CrMoV11-1?
The nearest GB grade is 1Cr11MoV. Cross-references like this are indicative. Element ranges and property minima differ, so check against the actual specification before substituting on a pressure-retaining part.
What is the minimum order quantity?
We forge to drawing, including single prototype and spare-part pieces, so there is no fixed piece count. Price depends on forged weight, heat-treatment route and testing scope.
Who supplies X20CrMoV11-1 forgings?
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., an open-die forging factory at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China, forges X20CrMoV11-1 / 1.4922 bars, seamless rolled rings, discs, sleeves, shafts and valve components to drawing. Phone +86-189-2135-9659, email sales@steelforgepieces.com.
Sources: EN 10302:2008, EN 10222-2:2000, EN 10216-2:2014, EN 10088-1:2005.
Note: property values on this page are for guidance. The binding values are those on the mill test certificate supplied with the goods.
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.
Open-die forging factory supplying forged bars, seamless rolled rings, discs, sleeves, shafts and valve components worldwide in carbon, alloy, tool, stainless and nickel-alloy grades.
No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town,
Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China
Related grades
If X20CrMoV11-1 is not right for the part, these are the alternatives most often looked at alongside it:
- 42CrMo4 and 1.7225, general-purpose quenched and tempered Cr-Mo steel for shafts and gears below about 500 °C
- AISI 4140, the American counterpart to 42CrMo4
- 34CrMo4 and 1.7220, lower-carbon Cr-Mo grade for pressure parts
- AISI 4340, high-strength Ni-Cr-Mo grade for heavily loaded shafts
- Inconel 617, Waspaloy and Hastelloy X for service well above the 580 °C limit of X20CrMoV11-1
All forging grades we supply
Cr-Mo and Ni-Cr-Mo alloy steels: AISI 4140 · AISI 4140H · 42CrMo4 · 42CrMo4V · 42CrMoS4 · 1.7225 · 1.7227 · SCM440 · 42CD4 · 708M40 · 35KHM · AISI 4130 · AISI 4135 · AISI 4145 · AISI 4145H · 34CrMo4 · 34CrMoS4 · 1.7220 · SCM430 · SCM435 · AISI 8630 · AISI 4340
Case-hardening grades: 18CrNiMo7-6 · 17CrNiMo6 · 1.6587 · AISI 4317 · AISI 4820 · 18NCD6 · 820M17 · 822M17
Stainless steels: 17-4PH · 15-5PH · 17-7PH · PH13-8Mo
Nickel and cobalt alloys: Inconel 600 · Inconel 601 · Inconel 617 · Incoloy 800HT · Incoloy 890 · Incoloy 925 · Monel 400 · Monel K-500 · Monel R-405 · Hastelloy B · Hastelloy B-4 · Hastelloy C-4 · Hastelloy G-3 · Hastelloy X · Haynes 25 · Haynes 188 · Haynes 230 · Waspaloy · Rene 41 · MP35N · MP159 · Multimet N155 · Alloy 59 · Alloy 602 · NI-SPAN-C Alloy 902
Forged shafts: Waspaloy (forging) · Rene 41 (forging) · MP35N (forging) · MP159 (forging) · Multimet N155 (forging)