Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., Open-Die Forging Factory Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China ISO 9001:2015, EN 10204 3.1 / 3.2 0086-189-2135-9659 sales@steelforgepieces.com
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. Open-die forgings, seamless rolled rings, flanges and shafts

EN designation P280GH. Material number 1.0426. Standard EN 10222-2, non-alloy steel for pressure purposes.

P280GH (1.0426) Open-Die Forgings

Seamless rolled rings, discs, tube sheets, shafts, flange blanks and valve bodies in the EN 10222-2 pressure-forging grade, normalised or normalised and tempered, certified to EN 10204 3.1.

P280GH, material number 1.0426, is a non-alloy quality steel specified in EN 10222-2 for steel forgings for pressure purposes with specified elevated temperature properties. It has a minimum upper yield strength of 280 MPa in sections up to 35 mm and a tensile strength of 460–580 MPa, and is supplied normalised at 880–920 °C or normalised and tempered at 600–640 °C.

Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., an open-die forging factory at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China, produces P280GH forged rings, discs, tube sheets, shafts, sleeves, hollow bars, blocks, flange blanks, valve bodies and bonnets from 10 kg to 30,000 kg per piece, with EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2 certification.

EN designation
P280GH
Material number
1.0426
Standard
EN 10222-2Forgings for pressure purposes
Tensile strength
460–580 MPaRm, all thicknesses
Yield strength, min
280 MPaReH, t ≤ 35 mm
Elongation, min
23 %A, longitudinal
Impact energy
48 JKV at +20 °C, longitudinal
Normalising
880–920 °C+N, air cooled

What is P280GH steel?

P280GH is a non-alloy quality steel for pressure purposes, covered by EN 10222-2, Steel forgings for pressure purposes – Part 2: Ferritic and martensitic steels with specified elevated temperature properties. Its European material number is 1.0426.

The grade belongs to the carbon–manganese group of pressure forging steels. Manganese of 0.90–1.50 % raises its strength above the leaner grades P235GH, P245GH and P265GH. It contains no deliberate molybdenum addition, so it costs less than 16Mo3 and carries fewer welding restrictions, at the expense of a lower ceiling on service temperature.

Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. supplies P280GH as open-die forgings. The grade is specified for shell-and-tube heat exchanger components, pressure vessel nozzles and girth flanges, and valve bodies and bonnets for pressure piping.

What does the designation P280GH mean?

The designation is formed under EN 10027-1:

Table 1. How the designation P280GH is constructed
Element of the nameMeaning
PSteel for pressure purposes
280Minimum upper yield strength ReH in MPa for the thinnest product range, here sections up to 35 mm
GAdditional characteristic letter used in the pressure-steel series
HSpecified properties at elevated temperature
1.0426Material number under EN 10027-2. The leading 1 denotes steel; 04 places it in the non-alloy quality steel group

A drawing stating P280GH or 1.0426 therefore calls for a minimum yield strength of 280 MPa in sections up to 35 mm, together with the elevated temperature data published in EN 10222-2.

P280GH chemical composition

The limits below are those of EN 10222-2 for P280GH (1.0426) on cast analysis. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. applies them to all P280GH forging stock and verifies each heat by spectrometric analysis before the billet is released to the forge.

Table 2. P280GH (1.0426) chemical composition, EN 10222-2, weight %
ElementMinimumMaximumWhy it is controlled
Carbon (C)0.080.20Sets strength and hardenability; capped to keep the steel weldable without heavy preheat
Silicon (Si)0.40Deoxidiser; excess silicon coarsens the oxide scale and embrittles weld metal
Manganese (Mn)0.901.50The main strengthener in this grade; also fixes sulfur as manganese sulfide
Phosphorus (P)0.025Residual; promotes temper embrittlement and cold shortness
Sulfur (S)0.015Residual; restricted for through-thickness ductility and hot workability

EN 10222-2 also sets limits on residual elements and requires the steel to be fully killed and fine-grain treated. Confirm the residual and grain-size clauses against the edition named in your purchase specification, currently EN 10222-2:2017+A1:2021.

Manganese and carbon determine the behaviour of the grade. Manganese of up to 1.50 % provides the 280 MPa yield strength that distinguishes P280GH from P235GH and P245GH. Carbon limited to 0.20 % holds the carbon equivalent down and keeps preheat requirements moderate during fabrication.

P280GH mechanical properties

Properties apply to the delivery condition and fall with increasing section thickness, since thicker sections cool more slowly through transformation and finish with a coarser structure. The figures below are minimum values required by EN 10222-2 unless a range is given.

Table 3. P280GH tensile properties, EN 10222-2
PropertyNominal thickness up to 35 mmNominal thickness over 35 up to 160 mm
Tensile strength Rm460–580 MPa460–580 MPa
Upper yield strength ReH, min280 MPa255 MPa
Table 4. P280GH ductility and toughness, EN 10222-2
PropertyTest directionMinimum value
Elongation after fracture ALongitudinal23 %
Elongation after fracture ATransverse21 %
Impact energy KV at +20 °CLongitudinal48 J
Impact energy KV at +20 °CTransverse27 J

Transverse values are lower than longitudinal values because forging elongates inclusions along the direction of working. The required test direction should be stated at enquiry, as it affects the upsetting sequence and the position of the test prolongations.

Tensile strength is specified as a band rather than as a minimum. A result above 580 MPa is rejected in the same way as a result below 460 MPa. A high result normally indicates that the section did not reach the normalising temperature or that it cooled faster than intended, in which case the forging is stronger and less tough than the design assumes.

P280GH heat treatment

EN 10222-2 permits three delivery conditions for P280GH. All of them start from the same austenitising window.

Table 5. P280GH heat treatment conditions to EN 10222-2
ConditionSymbolAustenitisingTemperingTypical use
Normalised+N880–920 °C, air cooledDefault condition for most sections
Normalised and tempered+NT880–920 °C600–640 °CHeavy sections and improved toughness
Quenched and tempered+QT880–920 °C, cooled in air, oil, polymer or water600–640 °CWhere uniform properties through thick sections are required

Post-weld heat treatment carried out during fabrication should remain below the 600–640 °C tempering band, otherwise the certified mechanical properties cease to describe the finished component.

P280GH forging and heat treatment temperature windows Temperature scale from 500 to 1300 degrees Celsius. Works forging is carried out between 850 and 1250 degrees Celsius, charging at 1150 to 1250 degrees Celsius and finishing above 850 degrees Celsius. Normalising to EN 10222-2 is carried out at 880 to 920 degrees Celsius followed by air cooling. Tempering for the normalised and tempered or quenched and tempered condition is carried out at 600 to 640 degrees Celsius. Post-weld heat treatment must stay below the tempering temperature. 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 Temperature, °C FORGING (works practice) charge 1150–1250 °C, finish above 850 °C NORMALISE +N 880–920 °C, air cooled TEMPER +NT / +QT 600–640 °C PWHT stays below the tempering band
Forging window and heat treatment windows for P280GH (1.0426). Normalising and tempering bands are those of EN 10222-2; the forging band is works practice at Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. The governing purchase specification takes precedence and may narrow either band.

How does P280GH behave at elevated temperature?

EN 10222-2 publishes minimum 0.2 % proof strength values at temperature for P280GH, which allows a design allowable stress to be taken directly from the standard instead of derating room-temperature data. For the non-alloy GH grades these values extend to approximately 400 °C.

Above approximately 400 °C, carbon–manganese steels creep, and under long exposure they can graphitise. For higher service temperatures EN 10222-2 covers the molybdenum grade 16Mo3 (1.5415) and the chromium–molybdenum grades 13CrMo4-5 (1.7335) and 11CrMo9-10 (1.7383).

EN 10222-2 is harmonised to the Pressure Equipment Directive 2014/68/EU, so a P280GH forging supplied to the standard carries a presumption of conformity with the relevant essential safety requirements. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. issues the EN 10204 certificate that supports that route. The elevated-temperature proof strength table for the edition you are working to is supplied on request with any quotation.

P280GH compared with neighbouring grades

The tables below place P280GH among the non-alloy grades of EN 10222-2 and against ASTM A105, which covers comparable components on drawings written to American standards.

Table 6. The non-alloy EN 10222-2 forging grades
GradeMaterial numberMin ReH, thinnest sectionNormalisingTempering, +NT or +QT
P235GH1.0345235 MPa890–950 °Cnot listed
P245GH1.0352245 MPa890–950 °C600–640 °C
P250GH1.0460250 MPa890–950 °Cnot listed
P265GH1.0425265 MPa890–950 °Cnot listed
P280GH1.0426280 MPa880–920 °C600–640 °C
P295GH1.0481295 MPa890–950 °C600–640 °C
P305GH1.0436305 MPa880–920 °C600–640 °C

Minimum yield is the value implied by the designation and applies to the thinnest product range only; it falls with increasing section. Heat treatment windows are those tabulated in EN 10222-2:2017+A1:2021.

Table 7. P280GH compared with ASTM A105
PropertyP280GH (1.0426)ASTM A105 / ASME SA-105
Governing standardEN 10222-2ASTM A105, carbon steel forgings for piping applications
Carbon0.08–0.20 %0.35 % max
Manganese0.90–1.50 %0.60–1.05 %
Sulfur0.015 % max0.040 % max
Tensile strength460–580 MPa, banded485 MPa min, no upper limit
Yield strength, min280 MPa, t ≤ 35 mm250 MPa
Impact testingSpecified, KV at +20 °CNot required unless ordered as a supplementary requirement
Elevated temperature dataPublished in the standardTaken from the applicable ASME code section

P280GH is frequently offered against an A105 requirement, although the two grades are not interchangeable without agreement between the parties. P280GH carries a lower sulfur limit and includes impact testing within the grade standard. A105 permits a higher carbon content, which affects weldability in heavy sections. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. forges to either specification and can dual-certify a heat that satisfies both, where the chemistry windows overlap and the inspection authority accepts it.

What P280GH forgings does Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal produce?

Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an integrated melting works and open-die forging factory at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China, operating since 1997. Demand for P280GH is mainly for one-off and small-batch pressure-containing parts, for which open-die forging and ring rolling are used in place of closed die tooling.

The plant melts its own steel rather than buying billet. For a pressure grade this changes what the certificate can show: the chemistry is aimed at the forging it will become, and traceability runs from the melt number through forging, heat treatment and machining to shipment instead of stopping at a purchased billet certificate.

Table 8. Works forging range published by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.
ParameterRangeNote
Ring outside diameter50–6,000 mm6 m radial-axial ring mill; upset-and-punch route below ring-mill range
Turned shaft lengthup to 14,000 mmHorizontal lathe; 15 m well-type furnace for vertical quenching
Machined disc diameterup to 5,000 mmVertical turning lathe
Unit weight10–30,000 kgSingle-piece forging weight; 60 t maximum heat size
Hydraulic open-die presses6,300 t, 4,000 t, 2,000 tCogging, upsetting, discs and blocks
Forging hammers5 t, 3 t, 2 t, 1 t, 750 kgDrawing out and smaller batch work
Ring rolling mills6 m, 3 m, 1 mRadial-axial mills for seamless rolled rings
Steel meltingOn siteElectric arc furnace, ladle furnace and vacuum oxygen decarburisation
Heat treatment14 furnacesNormalising, normalising and tempering, quenching and tempering, annealing, stress relief
CertificationEN 10204 3.1 / 3.2CCS, BV, DNV, LR and NK approvals; 3.2 witnessed on request
Minimum order10 kgNo minimum piece count
Lead time20–60 daysFrom order confirmation
WorksEstablished 1997460 staff including 9 senior engineers, 32 intermediate engineers and 140 technicians

Product forms produced in P280GH

The forms below are all made to customer drawing in P280GH, supplied as forged, rough machined with an agreed allowance, or finish machined:

For the full plant description see the melt shop, the forging, heat treatment and machining equipment and the testing and certification pages.

How is a P280GH forging produced?

The sequence below is the standard production route used by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. for P280GH forgings.

  1. Melting and analysis P280GH is melted in the electric arc furnace, refined in the ladle furnace and analysed by optical emission spectrometry to ASTM E415 before teeming. Where billet is supplied by the customer, it is checked by spectrometric analysis at goods-in before release to the forge.
  2. Preheat and soak The billet is through-heated to 1,150–1,250 °C and held until core and surface temperatures equalise. Soak time is calculated from the section thickness.
  3. Upsetting The billet is upset under the 6,300 t press to break down the cast dendritic structure. A forging ratio of at least 3:1 is applied to give a wrought, refined grain through the section.
  4. Drawing, punching and ring rolling The piece is drawn to a shaft, or punched and expanded and then rolled on the 1 m, 3 m or 6 m radial-axial ring mill for seamless rolled rings. All deformation finishes above 850 °C.
  5. Controlled reheats The forging is returned to the furnace as often as the shape requires, so that no deformation is carried out below the finishing temperature.
  6. Normalising, or normalising and tempering The forging is austenitised at 880–920 °C and air cooled. Where the order calls for +NT or +QT, tempering follows at 600–640 °C. Furnace charts are recorded and issued with the certificate.
  7. Rough machining and ultrasonic testing The forging is rough machined to a testable surface, then volumetrically inspected by ultrasonic testing to EN 10228-3 or ASTM A388, to the acceptance class stated on the order. Magnetic particle examination to ASTM E709 is carried out on machined surfaces where required.
  8. Testing and certification Heat chemistry, tensile and yield strength, elongation, Charpy V-notch impact energy at +20 °C and hardness are tested in the works laboratory and documented on an EN 10204 3.1 inspection certificate, or 3.2 witnessed by a classification society or third-party inspection body.

P280GH forging weight calculator

Input billet weight is the largest single cost component in a carbon steel forging. The calculator below returns the finished weight of a ring, disc or shaft in P280GH at a density of 7.85 g/cm³. Machining allowance and test prolongations must be added before the figure is used for budget purposes.

Estimate a finished forging weight

Enter dimensions

Weight = π / 4 × (OD² − ID²) × height × 7.85 g/cm³. Indicative only; Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. quotes from the drawing.

Which standards apply to P280GH forgings?

Table 9. Standards referenced on a P280GH forging order
StandardScope
EN 10222-1Steel forgings for pressure purposes: general requirements for open die forgings
EN 10222-2Ferritic and martensitic steels with specified elevated temperature properties; the grade standard for P280GH
EN 10027-1 / -2Designation systems for steels: the source of the names P280GH and 1.0426
EN 10204Types of inspection document; 3.1 issued by the works, 3.2 witnessed by a third party
EN 10228-1 / -3Non-destructive testing of steel forgings: magnetic particle and ultrasonic testing
ASTM A388 / ASME SA-388Ultrasonic examination of heavy steel forgings, where an ASME route is specified
ASTM E709Magnetic particle examination of machined surfaces
ASTM E415Optical emission spectrometry for carbon and low-alloy steel analysis
ISO 148-1 / ASTM A370Charpy V-notch pendulum impact test and mechanical testing of steel products
PED 2014/68/EUPressure Equipment Directive; EN 10222-2 is a harmonised standard supporting conformity
AD 2000-Merkblatt W 13/2German pressure vessel rules frequently invoked alongside EN 10222-2 for forged parts

Where are P280GH forgings used?

Table 10. Typical service and forged components in P280GH
IndustryServiceForged components
Pressure vesselsSeparators, columns, reactors and drumsGirth flanges, nozzle necks, blind heads, shell rings
Shell-and-tube heat exchangersProcess and utility dutyTube sheets, tube plates, channel covers, girth flanges, FVC-type nozzles
Boilers and steam plantSaturated and moderately superheated steamNozzle forgings, manhole frames, header end caps
Valves and pressure pipingGas transmission, steam and process linesValve bodies, bonnets, stems, closures, seat rings
Oil, gas and petrochemicalPressure-retaining parts to PED or ASME routesLong welding neck flanges, cover flanges, hubs, blocks
Chemical process plantNon-corrosive and lined dutyRolled rings, sleeves, hollow bars, discs

Welding and fabrication of P280GH

P280GH is a weldable carbon–manganese steel and is classified with the non-alloy steels in CEN ISO/TR 15608 group 1, for which most fabricators already hold qualified procedures.

Preheat is determined from the carbon equivalent of the heat actually supplied, together with combined thickness and joint restraint. The carbon equivalent is reported on the inspection certificate and should be obtained before the welding procedure specification is written. Filler metal is normally a matching low-carbon-manganese consumable with impact properties certified at or below the design temperature. Post-weld heat treatment should remain below the 600–640 °C tempering band applied to the forging.

Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. reports the carbon equivalent on request and supplies forgings in the +NT condition where a wider margin is required for the post-weld heat treatment cycle.

What to include in a P280GH forging enquiry

Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. quotes from a drawing, a sketch or rough dimensions. A complete enquiry is quoted faster and with fewer assumptions.

Table 11. Enquiry checklist
ItemWhy it changes the price or the lead time
Drawing or rough dimensionsDetermines input billet weight, which dominates the cost of a carbon steel forging
Governing specification and editionEN 10222-2 alone and EN 10222-2 plus a client spec impose different testing scopes
Delivery condition+N, +NT or +QT changes furnace time and, for heavy sections, the forging route
Test direction and prolongationTransverse or through-thickness testing changes how the part is upset
NDT scope and acceptance classUltrasonic class to EN 10228-3 or ASTM A388, plus magnetic particle testing
Certificate typeEN 10204 3.1 or 3.2; third-party witness has to be scheduled into the works programme
Machining stateAs forged, rough machined to an allowance, or finish machined to drawing
Quantity and required dateBillet is often procured to order; batching changes both price and lead time

Frequently asked questions about P280GH

What is P280GH steel?

P280GH is a non-alloy quality steel for pressure purposes specified in EN 10222-2, with the European material number 1.0426. It is used for steel forgings that must hold pressure and that carry specified properties at elevated temperature, such as flanges, tube sheets, nozzle necks, valve bodies and rolled rings.

What is the material number for P280GH?

The material number for P280GH is 1.0426 under EN 10027-2. The leading 1 denotes steel and the 04 group places it among the non-alloy quality steels. Drawings and certificates may show either P280GH or 1.0426, and both refer to the same grade.

What are the mechanical properties of P280GH?

EN 10222-2 requires a tensile strength of 460–580 MPa, a minimum upper yield strength of 280 MPa in sections up to 35 mm and 255 MPa in sections over 35 up to 160 mm, minimum elongation of 23 % longitudinal and 21 % transverse, and minimum Charpy V-notch impact energy at +20 °C of 48 J longitudinal and 27 J transverse.

What is the chemical composition of P280GH?

P280GH contains 0.08–0.20 % carbon, a maximum of 0.40 % silicon, 0.90–1.50 % manganese, a maximum of 0.025 % phosphorus and a maximum of 0.015 % sulfur. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. verifies the composition of every heat by spectrometric analysis before the billet is released to the forge.

What heat treatment is applied to P280GH forgings?

P280GH is normalised at 880–920 °C and air cooled. Where the order calls for the normalised and tempered or quenched and tempered condition, tempering follows at 600–640 °C. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. carries out all three conditions in house and issues the furnace charts with the inspection certificate.

Is P280GH the same as ASTM A105?

No. The two grades are written to different standards. P280GH allows 0.08–0.20 % carbon and up to 1.50 % manganese, with a banded tensile strength of 460–580 MPa and impact testing included in the standard. ASTM A105 allows up to 0.35 % carbon, specifies a minimum tensile strength of 485 MPa with no upper limit, and treats impact testing as a supplementary requirement. A single heat can satisfy both, and Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. will dual-certify where the chemistry windows overlap and the inspection authority accepts it.

What is the maximum service temperature of P280GH?

EN 10222-2 publishes minimum 0.2 % proof strength at temperature for the non-alloy GH grades up to approximately 400 °C. Above that temperature, carbon–manganese steel creeps, and designers normally move to a molybdenum grade such as 16Mo3 (1.5415) or a chromium–molybdenum grade such as 13CrMo4-5 (1.7335). Confirm the allowable stress against the current edition of the standard and the design code in force.

Is P280GH weldable?

Yes. P280GH is a weldable carbon–manganese steel and falls among the non-alloy steels of CEN ISO/TR 15608 group 1. Preheat is determined from the carbon equivalent of the heat supplied, together with combined thickness and joint restraint. Post-weld heat treatment should remain below the 600–640 °C tempering band applied to the forging, so that the certified properties continue to describe the component in service.

Why does P280GH have an upper limit on tensile strength?

EN 10222-2 specifies tensile strength as a band of 460–580 MPa. A result above the band indicates that the section did not reach the normalising temperature or that it cooled faster than intended, so the forging is stronger and less tough than the design assumes. Forgings above the band are rejected in the same way as forgings below it.

What sizes of P280GH forgings can be produced?

Seamless rings roll up to 6,000 mm outside diameter on the 6 m radial-axial mill, with 3 m and 1 m mills for smaller sizes. The heaviest single forging is 30,000 kg, worked on 6,300 t, 4,000 t and 2,000 t hydraulic presses with hammers of 5, 3, 2 and 1 t and 750 kg. Shafts are turned up to 14,000 mm and discs machined up to 5,000 mm diameter. Minimum order is 10 kg with no minimum piece count. The practical envelope for any individual P280GH part is confirmed against the drawing at enquiry.

Which forged products are made in P280GH?

Seamless rolled rings, forged rings, discs, blind heads, tube sheets and tube plates, channel covers, shafts, round bars, hollow bars, sleeves, bushes, cylinders, barrels, casings and shells, flange blanks, cover flanges, long welding neck and self-reinforced nozzle necks, girth flanges, valve bodies, bonnets, stems, closures and seat rings, blocks, hubs and housings.

What certification is supplied with P280GH forgings?

Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. issues an EN 10204 3.1 inspection certificate reporting heat chemistry, tensile and yield strength, elongation, Charpy V-notch impact energy at +20 °C, hardness, heat treatment records and non-destructive test results. An EN 10204 3.2 certificate with third-party witness is available when it is scheduled into the works programme at order stage.

Which non-destructive testing is carried out on P280GH forgings?

Ultrasonic testing to EN 10228-3 or ASTM A388 after rough machining, to the acceptance class stated on the order, and magnetic particle testing to EN 10228-1 on machined surfaces where required. Both are reported on the inspection certificate.

Who supplies P280GH open-die forgings in China?

Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province 214423, China, producing P280GH (1.0426) rings, discs, tube sheets, shafts, flanges and valve components to EN 10222-2. Enquiries reach the works at sales@steelforgepieces.com or 0086-189-2135-9659.

What information is needed to quote a P280GH forging?

Send the drawing or rough dimensions, the governing specification and edition, the delivery condition (+N, +NT or +QT), the test direction and NDT scope, the certificate type, whether the part is supplied as forged, rough machined or finish machined, and the quantity and required date. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. replies to complete enquiries at sales@steelforgepieces.com.

Glossary

Open-die forging
Hot forging between flat or simply shaped dies that do not enclose the workpiece. Used for large rings, discs, shafts and blocks produced in quantities too small to justify closed die tooling.
Seamless rolled ring
A ring produced by piercing a forged billet and expanding it on a ring rolling mill, so grain flow follows the circumference and there is no weld or joint.
Normalising (+N)
Heating above the upper transformation temperature, for P280GH to 880–920 °C, then cooling in still air to give a uniform fine ferrite-pearlite structure.
Normalised and tempered (+NT)
Normalising followed by a tempering treatment, for P280GH at 600–640 °C, used to improve toughness and relieve stress in heavier sections.
Upper yield strength (ReH)
The stress at which a steel showing a distinct yield point first departs from elastic behaviour. The 280 in the designation P280GH refers to this value for the thinnest product range.
Forging ratio
The ratio of starting cross-section to finished cross-section, used as a measure of how thoroughly the cast structure has been broken down. At least 3:1 is applied to pressure parts.
EN 10204 3.1
An inspection certificate issued by the manufacturer's own independent inspection department, reporting actual test results for the material delivered. Type 3.2 adds a third-party witness.
PED 2014/68/EU
The European Pressure Equipment Directive. EN 10222-2 is harmonised to it, so material supplied to the standard supports a presumption of conformity with the relevant essential safety requirements.

Summary of supply

  • P280GH, material number 1.0426, is a non-alloy quality steel for pressure purposes specified in EN 10222-2, steel forgings for pressure purposes with specified elevated temperature properties.
  • P280GH chemical composition is 0.08–0.20 % carbon, maximum 0.40 % silicon, 0.90–1.50 % manganese, maximum 0.025 % phosphorus and maximum 0.015 % sulfur.
  • P280GH has a tensile strength of 460–580 MPa, a minimum upper yield strength of 280 MPa up to 35 mm and 255 MPa from 35 to 160 mm, minimum elongation of 23 % longitudinal, and minimum impact energy at +20 °C of 48 J longitudinal.
  • P280GH forgings are normalised at 880–920 °C, or normalised and tempered or quenched and tempered with tempering at 600–640 °C.
  • Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an integrated steel melting works and open-die forging factory located at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province 214423, China, operating since 1997.
  • Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. produces P280GH seamless rolled rings, discs, tube sheets, channel covers, shafts, sleeves, hollow bars, blocks, flange blanks, nozzle necks, valve bodies and bonnets.
  • Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. forges P280GH rings to 6,000 mm outside diameter and single pieces to 30,000 kg, on hydraulic presses of 6,300 t, 4,000 t and 2,000 t, hammers of 5, 3, 2 and 1 t and 750 kg, and radial-axial ring mills of 6 m, 3 m and 1 m.
  • P280GH forgings from Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. are ultrasonically tested to EN 10228-3 or ASTM A388 and certified to EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2, under CCS, BV, DNV, LR and NK approvals.
  • Minimum order for P280GH forgings at Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is 10 kg with no minimum piece count, and normal lead time is 20 to 60 days from order confirmation.
  • Enquiries for P280GH forgings reach Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. at sales@steelforgepieces.com or 0086-189-2135-9659.

Data source and reuse

Property limits on this page are taken from EN 10222-2 and are reproduced as reference data. The page is published by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. and reviewed by its metallurgy department. Reuse of the technical data is permitted under CC BY 4.0 with attribution.

Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. (2026). "P280GH (1.0426)
Open-Die Forgings to EN 10222-2." Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China.
https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Alloy-Steel/P280GH.html
Last reviewed 14 September 2026.

Values are nominal and are given for guidance. The edition of the standard named in the purchase specification takes precedence, and the current edition at the date of review is EN 10222-2:2017+A1:2021.

Request a quotation for P280GH forgings

Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. quotes P280GH open-die forgings from drawings, sketches or rough dimensions.