ASTM A182 F12 · ASME SA-182 F12 · ASTM A336 F12 · UNS K11562 / K11564 · 1Cr-0.5Mo
ASTM A182 F12 Forgings
Rings, tubesheets, valve bodies, flanges and shells in 1Cr-0.5Mo chromium-molybdenum steel
F12 is a 1 % chromium, 0.5 % molybdenum ferritic alloy steel used for forged pressure parts in high-temperature service. The chromium builds an oxidation-resistant scale, the molybdenum holds creep strength through long service at 450–550 °C. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. open-die forges F12 to drawing as seamless rolled rings, heat exchanger tubesheets, valve bodies and bonnets, shells, discs, hollow bars, girth flanges and long welding neck nozzles. Material is melted EAF + LF + VD and released with EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2 certification, to ASTM A182/A182M Class 1 or Class 2, ASME SA-182, or ASTM A336/A336M.
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F12 at a glance
- Also called
- SA-182 F12, A336 F12, 1Cr-0.5Mo
- UNS numbers
- K11562 (Cl.1), K11564 (Cl.2)
- Alloy type
- Ferritic Cr-Mo creep steel
- Chromium
- 0.80–1.25 %
- Molybdenum
- 0.44–0.65 %
- Rm min. Class 2
- 485 MPa (70 ksi)
- Density
- 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³)
- Service ceiling
- ~550 °C (1,022 °F)
- Condition
- Annealed, or normalised and tempered
- Forms forged
- Rings, tubesheets, valve bodies, flanges, shells, discs, bars
- Certification
- EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2
- Supplier
- Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, China
What is ASTM A182 F12?
ASTM A182 Grade F12 is a low-alloy ferritic steel containing nominally 1 % chromium and 0.5 % molybdenum, specified for forged or rolled flanges, fittings, valves and piping parts in high-temperature service. It is the forging counterpart of A335 P12 pipe and A213 T12 tube, and carries the same chemistry family as European 13CrMo4-5.
The two alloying elements do different jobs. Chromium at 0.8–1.25 % forms a tight oxide film that slows scaling in steam and flue gas. Molybdenum at 0.44–0.65 % pins dislocations and raises creep-rupture strength, which is what allows a header or a tubesheet to hold pressure for 100,000 hours at temperature instead of slowly deforming. Neither addition is large enough to make the steel expensive or difficult to weld, and that balance is the reason F12 has stayed in refinery and boiler service for decades.
A182 splits F12 into Class 1 and Class 2. The classes differ in carbon range, heat treatment and strength, and they carry separate UNS numbers. They are not interchangeable on a purchase order.
Where F12 sits among the Cr-Mo grades
F12 occupies the step above carbon steel and below the higher-chromium creep grades. Carbon steel loses strength quickly past about 400 °C. F12 carries useful load to roughly 550 °C. Above that, rupture strength falls away fast and F22 or F91 becomes the sensible choice. F11 sits alongside F12 at a slightly higher chromium level and is often specified as an alternative for the same duty.
ASME SA-182 F12 and ASTM A182 F12 are the same material. SA-182 is the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code adoption of the ASTM specification, with identical chemistry, mechanical requirements and heat treatment. Order to SA-182 when the part falls under ASME Section I or Section VIII so the mill certificate carries the designation your code inspector expects.
F12 designations, equivalents and standards
The same 1Cr-0.5Mo chemistry appears under different names depending on the product form and the standards body. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal forges to whichever specification the order names.
| System | Designation | Product form |
|---|---|---|
| ASTM A182/A182M | F12 Class 1 (K11562), F12 Class 2 (K11564) | Forged flanges, fittings, valves, piping parts |
| ASME | SA-182 F12, SA-336 F12 | Same material under the BPV Code |
| ASTM A336/A336M | F12 | Forgings for boilers and pressure vessels |
| ASTM A335 | P12 | Seamless ferritic alloy pipe |
| ASTM A213 | T12 | Boiler, superheater and heat exchanger tube |
| ASTM A387 | Grade 12 | Pressure vessel plate |
| EN 10222-2 | 13CrMo4-5, material number 1.7335 | Forgings |
| DIN (legacy) | 13CrMo44 | All forms |
| GB/T (China) | 15CrMo | All forms |
| JIS G4109 | SCMV 2 | Plate and forgings |
Cross-references are close but not identical. Chemistry bands, test requirements and heat-treatment rules differ between standards, so confirm acceptance with the design authority before substituting one designation for another.
Chemical composition of F12
A182 specifies Class 1 and Class 2 separately. Carbon, manganese and silicon all differ; chromium and molybdenum do not.
| Element | Symbol | F12 Class 1 (K11562) | F12 Class 2 (K11564) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon | C | 0.05–0.15 | 0.10–0.20 |
| Manganese | Mn | 0.30–0.60 | 0.30–0.80 |
| Silicon | Si | ≤ 0.50 | 0.10–0.60 |
| Chromium | Cr | 0.80–1.25 | 0.80–1.25 |
| Molybdenum | Mo | 0.44–0.65 | 0.44–0.65 |
| Phosphorus | P | ≤ 0.045 | ≤ 0.040 |
| Sulphur | S | ≤ 0.045 | ≤ 0.040 |
| Iron | Fe | balance | balance |
Tighter phosphorus and sulphur limits than the specification maximum can be melted on request. State the required limits on the enquiry and they will be written into the mill certificate.
Mechanical properties of F12
Room-temperature tension test requirements. Class 2 is the higher-strength condition and is what most pressure-part enquiries call for.
| Property | A182 F12 Class 1 | A182 F12 Class 2 | A336 F12 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tensile strength Rm | 415 MPa · 60 ksi | 485 MPa · 70 ksi | 485–660 MPa · 70–95 ksi |
| Yield strength Rp0.2 | 220 MPa · 32 ksi | 275 MPa · 40 ksi | 275 MPa · 40 ksi |
| Elongation in 50 mm | 20 % | 20 % | 20 % |
| Reduction of area | 45 % | 30 % | 40 % |
| Brinell hardness | 121–174 HBW | 143–207 HBW | not specified |
Values are from ASTM A182/A182M Table 2 and the ASTM A336/A336M mechanical requirements table. Tensile, yield and elongation are minima; the A336 tensile figure is a band.
Check the numbers on any datasheet you are comparing. F12 is frequently published with 585 MPa / 415 MPa tensile and yield. Those are the F9 figures. F12 Class 2 is 485 MPa tensile with 275 MPa yield, and Class 1 is lower still. Getting this wrong at the enquiry stage leads to a rejected MTC at delivery.
Elevated-temperature behaviour
| Temperature | Modulus of elasticity | Mean expansion from 20 °C |
|---|---|---|
| 20 °C · 68 °F | 210 kN/mm² | – |
| 300 °C · 572 °F | 185 kN/mm² | 12.9 × 10−6/K |
| 400 °C · 752 °F | 175 kN/mm² | – |
| 500 °C · 932 °F | 165 kN/mm² | 13.9 × 10−6/K |
| 600 °C · 1,112 °F | – | 14.1 × 10−6/K |
Creep and creep-rupture strength
Creep data is the reason F12 is specified over a plain carbon steel, and it is the data that should set wall thickness on anything running above about 400 °C. Short-term tensile figures are not a safe basis for design in that range.
| Temperature | 1 % creep strain limit Rp1.0 | Creep rupture strength | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10,000 h | 100,000 h | 10,000 h | 100,000 h | |
| 450 °C · 842 °F | 245 (35.5) | 191 (27.7) | 370 (53.6) | 285 (41.3) |
| 500 °C · 932 °F | 157 (22.7) | 98 (14.2) | 239 (34.6) | 137 (19.8) |
| 550 °C · 1,022 °F | 76 (11.0) | 36 (5.2) | 109 (15.8) | 49 (7.1) |
| 600 °C · 1,112 °F | – | – | 49 (7.1) | 20 (2.9) |
Design note. Rupture strength at 100,000 hours drops from 137 MPa at 500 °C to 49 MPa at 550 °C, a loss of about 64 % over 50 degrees. That cliff is why 550 °C is treated as the practical ceiling for F12. For sustained duty above it, ask about F22 (2.25Cr-1Mo) or F91 (9Cr-1Mo-V). Allowable design stress must come from the governing design code, not from this table.
Physical properties of F12
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 7.85 g/cm³ | 0.284 lb/in³ |
| Modulus of elasticity at 20 °C | 210 GPa | 30.5 × 106 psi |
| Thermal conductivity at 20 °C | 33 W/m·K | 19.1 Btu/hr·ft·°F |
| Hardness, HB 30, section ≤ 60 mm | 130–175 HB | 130–175 HB |
| Elongation A5 | ≥ 22 % lengthwise, ≥ 20 % transverse | same |
| Magnetic response | Ferromagnetic | |
Physical constants are typical published values for the annealed condition. Values on the mill certificate govern for acceptance.
F12 forged product forms and size ranges
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. forges F12 to drawing rather than from a stock list. The ranges below cover the working envelope of the presses and the ring mill. Send a drawing and the achievable size will be confirmed on the quotation.
Seamless rolled rings
Radial-axial rolled from a punched, upset blank. Circumferential grain flow.
OD 200–4,000 mm · height to 1,000 mmHeat exchanger tubesheets
Fixed, stationary and floating heads. Clad, weld-overlayed and coated tubesheets to drawing. UT before drilling.
to 3,000 mm dia · to 400 mm thickValve bodies and bonnets
Bodies, bonnets, stems, closures and seat rings for gate, globe, check and ball valves.
to 3,000 mm · to 20 tForged flanges and covers
Girth flanges, channel covers, cover flanges, long welding neck nozzles and FVC self-reinforced nozzles.
50–3,000 mmShells, cases and barrels
Hollow-forged and bored sections for vessel and casing duty.
OD 100–1,500 mmDiscs and blanks
Upset discs for closures, blind flanges, valve seats and blank forgings.
Ø 100–2,500 mmHollow bars, sleeves and bushes
Trepanned or mandrel-forged to cut machining loss on heavy sections.
OD 100–2,000 mmRound bars
Drawn under the press, straightened, peeled or turned as required.
Ø 20–1,200 mm · length to 12,000 mmShafts and spindles
Stepped shafts and spindles with full-length grain flow.
Ø 60–1,000 mmSingle-piece weight: 5 kg to 20,000 kg. Also produced in F12: cylinders, hubs, housings, blocks, tube plates and bespoke open-die forged parts to customer print.
How Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal produces F12 forgings
- Melting: EAF + LF + VD Electric arc melting, ladle refining and vacuum degassing. Degassing controls hydrogen, which matters on heavy Cr-Mo sections where trapped hydrogen causes flaking during cooling. Electroslag remelting is available where a specification calls for it.
- Open-die forging: 1,150–1,200 °C Soak, then upset and draw with a reduction ratio of at least 3:1 to break down the cast structure. Finishing stops above about 850 °C.
- Ring rolling or profiling Ring blanks are punched, upset and rolled on the radial-axial mill. Bars, shafts, discs and tubesheets are drawn or upset under the press to the rough-machining envelope.
- Heat treatment Class 1 is fully annealed. Class 2 is normalised at 900–940 °C, air cooled, then tempered at 680–730 °C. ASTM A182 sets a minimum tempering temperature of 620 °C for F12. Furnace charts are issued with the certificate.
- Rough machining Turned or milled to drawing with test-piece material and a UT scanning surface left on.
- Testing and certification Spectrographic chemistry, tensile, Brinell hardness and Charpy V-notch impact testing as specified. Ultrasonic testing to EN 10228-3, SEP 1921 or ASTM A388. Magnetic particle or dye penetrant examination on machined surfaces. Released with an EN 10204 3.1 mill certificate, or EN 10204 3.2 witnessed by TUV, BV, SGS or Lloyd's Register on request.
What F12 forgings are used for
F12 goes into equipment that runs hot and under pressure for years at a time, where carbon steel would creep and a higher alloy would not be justified on cost.
| Industry | Forged components | Why F12 |
|---|---|---|
| Refining and petrochemical | Hydrocracker and hydrotreater valve bodies, reactor nozzles, piping flanges, forged fittings | Creep strength at 400–550 °C with good weldability |
| Heat exchangers | Tubesheets, tube plates, channel covers, girth flanges, floating head covers | Heavy sections available in one piece, clad or overlayed to drawing |
| Boilers and steam plant | Headers, superheater and reheater components, drum nozzles, manway rings | Long-term rupture strength under steam conditions |
| Power generation | Steam turbine casings, valve chests, pressure parts | Dimensional stability through thermal cycling |
| Pressure vessels | Nozzles, reinforcing pads, self-reinforced FVC nozzles, shell courses | Matches A387 Gr.12 plate for welded construction |
| Valves and flow control | Bodies, bonnets, stems, seat rings, closures | Machines cleanly in the annealed condition, hardens predictably |
F12 compared with F11, F22, F5, F9 and F91
Grade selection across the Cr-Mo family follows operating temperature and, in hydrogen service, the Nelson curve. The table sets out where each grade sits.
| Grade | Nominal | Cr % | Mo % | Rm min. | Typical ceiling |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F11 Class 2 | 1.25Cr-0.5Mo-Si | 1.00–1.50 | 0.44–0.65 | 485 MPa | ~550 °C |
| F12 Class 2 | 1Cr-0.5Mo | 0.80–1.25 | 0.44–0.65 | 485 MPa | ~550 °C |
| F22 Class 3 | 2.25Cr-1Mo | 2.00–2.50 | 0.87–1.13 | 515 MPa | ~600 °C |
| F5 | 5Cr-0.5Mo | 4.0–6.0 | 0.44–0.65 | 485 MPa | ~600 °C |
| F9 | 9Cr-1Mo | 8.0–10.0 | 0.90–1.10 | 585 MPa | ~600 °C |
| F91 | 9Cr-1Mo-V | 8.0–9.5 | 0.85–1.05 | 620 MPa | ~620 °C |
Service ceilings are indicative and depend on stress, atmosphere and design life. For hydrogen partial-pressure duty, check the Nelson curve in API 941 for the actual operating conditions before settling on a grade.
Machining, welding and handling notes
Machining
F12 machines much like a medium-carbon alloy steel. Class 1 in the annealed condition cuts easily at 130–175 HB. Class 2 at 143–207 HB needs a little more power but holds size better. Carbide tooling, flood coolant and a steady feed. Forgings are supplied rough machined so the finishing allowance is predictable and the test pieces come off the right location.
Welding and post-weld heat treatment
F12 is welded with matched Cr-Mo consumables such as E8018-B2 or ER80S-B2. Like all Cr-Mo grades it needs preheat and post-weld heat treatment: preheat commonly 150–250 °C depending on section, PWHT in the 675–745 °C range. Exact parameters come from the fabrication code and the qualified procedure, not from a datasheet. Keep hydrogen out of the joint by using low-hydrogen consumables and baking them properly.
Hot working
Forge between 1,150 and 1,200 °C and stop above about 850 °C. Cool heavy sections slowly. Rapid cooling of thick Cr-Mo forgings from the forging heat risks quench cracking and traps hydrogen.
F12 frequently asked questions
What is ASTM A182 F12?
ASTM A182 Grade F12 is a ferritic alloy steel containing nominally 1 % chromium and 0.5 % molybdenum, specified for forged or rolled flanges, fittings, valves and piping parts in high-temperature service. It is supplied in two classes, Class 1 under UNS K11562 and Class 2 under UNS K11564. The same chemistry appears as A335 P12 in pipe, A213 T12 in tube and A387 Grade 12 in plate.
What is the difference between ASTM A182 F12 Class 1 and Class 2?
Carbon range, heat treatment and strength. Class 1 runs 0.05–0.15 % carbon, is supplied annealed, and requires a minimum 415 MPa tensile, 220 MPa yield and 121–174 HBW hardness. Class 2 runs 0.10–0.20 % carbon, is normalised and tempered, and requires a minimum 485 MPa tensile, 275 MPa yield and 143–207 HBW. Class 1 is the more ductile of the two at 45 % reduction of area against 30 %. They carry separate UNS numbers, so the class must be stated on the purchase order.
Is ASME SA-182 F12 the same as ASTM A182 F12?
Yes. SA-182 is the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code adoption of ASTM A182, with the same chemistry, mechanical requirements and heat treatment. Order to SA-182 when the component is used in an ASME Section I or Section VIII assembly so the certificate carries the SA designation the code inspector expects. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. certifies to either designation.
What is the difference between ASTM A182 F12 and ASTM A336 F12?
Same 1Cr-0.5Mo chemistry, different scope. ASTM A182 covers flanges, fittings, valves and piping parts and splits F12 into Class 1 and Class 2. ASTM A336 covers forgings for boilers, pressure vessels and high-temperature parts, usually in heavier sections, and specifies F12 as a single grade at 485–660 MPa tensile with 275 MPa minimum yield and 40 % minimum reduction of area. A336 also calls for Charpy V-notch impact testing. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal forges to both specifications.
What is ASTM A182 F12 equivalent to?
In Europe, 13CrMo4-5 under material number 1.7335, covered by EN 10222-2 for forgings. The legacy DIN designation is 13CrMo44. In China the equivalent is GB/T 15CrMo, and in Japan JIS SCMV 2. In other product forms the same chemistry is ASTM A335 P12 pipe, A213 T12 tube and A387 Grade 12 plate. Chemistry bands differ slightly between standards, so confirm acceptance with the design authority before substituting.
What is the chemical composition of F12?
F12 Class 1 contains 0.05–0.15 % carbon, 0.30–0.60 % manganese, up to 0.50 % silicon, 0.80–1.25 % chromium, 0.44–0.65 % molybdenum, up to 0.045 % phosphorus and up to 0.045 % sulphur, with iron as the balance. Class 2 runs 0.10–0.20 % carbon, 0.30–0.80 % manganese and 0.10–0.60 % silicon, with phosphorus and sulphur each held to 0.040 % maximum. Chromium and molybdenum are the same in both classes.
What is the maximum service temperature of F12?
About 550 °C, or 1,022 °F, for continuous service. Creep rupture strength at 100,000 hours falls from 137 MPa at 500 °C to 49 MPa at 550 °C and 20 MPa at 600 °C. Above roughly 550 °C, F22 at 2.25Cr-1Mo or F91 at 9Cr-1Mo-V gives better value. Design stress above 400 °C should be taken from creep data and the governing design code rather than from room-temperature tensile figures.
Is F12 weldable and does it need post-weld heat treatment?
F12 is readily weldable with matched Cr-Mo consumables such as E8018-B2 or ER80S-B2. Like other Cr-Mo grades it normally requires preheat, commonly 150–250 °C depending on section thickness, and post-weld heat treatment in the 675–745 °C range to relieve residual stress and temper the heat-affected zone. The qualified welding procedure and the construction code set the actual parameters. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal supplies forgings in the condition the procedure calls for, including weld-overlayed and clad tubesheets finished to drawing.
How do I choose between F11, F12 and F22?
By operating temperature, atmosphere and, in hydrogen service, the Nelson curve. F11 at 1.25Cr-0.5Mo-Si and F12 at 1Cr-0.5Mo serve almost the same duty up to about 550 °C and are often interchangeable where the design allows it. F22 at 2.25Cr-1Mo carries more chromium and molybdenum, giving better oxidation resistance, higher creep strength and more resistance to high-temperature hydrogen attack. For hydroprocessing service, check API 941 for the operating partial pressure before settling on F12.
What sizes of F12 forgings can you supply?
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. forges F12 rings from 200 mm to 4,000 mm outside diameter, tubesheets to 3,000 mm diameter and 400 mm thick, round bars from 20 mm to 1,200 mm diameter and up to 12,000 mm long, discs to 2,500 mm diameter and hollow sections from 100 mm to 2,000 mm outside diameter. Single-piece weight runs from 5 kg to 20,000 kg. Parts are forged to the customer drawing rather than to a stock list.
What certification comes with F12 forgings?
Every F12 forging is released with an EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificate covering heat number, chemical analysis, mechanical test results and heat-treatment records. EN 10204 3.2 certification witnessed by a third party such as TUV, BV, SGS or Lloyd's Register is available on request, as is ultrasonic testing to EN 10228-3, SEP 1921 or ASTM A388 and magnetic particle or dye penetrant examination.
What is the density of F12?
The density of F12 (1Cr-0.5Mo alloy steel) is 7.85 g/cm³, which is 0.284 lb/in³. Modulus of elasticity at 20 °C is 210 GPa, falling to 165 kN/mm² at 500 °C. Thermal conductivity at 20 °C is 33 W/m·K and the steel is ferromagnetic.
Who manufactures ASTM A182 F12 forgings in China?
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China, producing ASTM A182 F12 and ASTM A336 F12 forgings including seamless rolled rings, heat exchanger tubesheets, valve bodies and bonnets, flanges, shells, discs, hollow bars and shafts. Single-piece weights run from 5 kg to 20,000 kg, orders are accepted from one piece, and material is released with EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2 certification. Contact sales@steelforgepieces.com or +86-189-2135-9659.
How do I get a price for an F12 forging?
Send the drawing or the finished dimensions, the quantity, the specification and class (A182 F12 Class 1 or Class 2, or A336 F12) and any test or certification requirements to sales@steelforgepieces.com, or call +86-189-2135-9659. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China, and quotes F12 forgings to drawing. Single pieces are accepted.
Who forges this: Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, China. The works sits on the south bank of the Yangtze between Shanghai and Nanjing, in the centre of China's forging and special-steel industry. It forges carbon steel, alloy steel, tool steel, stainless steel and nickel-based superalloys, and ships to buyers in Europe, North America, the Middle East and Asia.
There is no stock list for F12. Each ring, tubesheet, valve body or flange is melted, forged, heat treated and certified against the order.
Contact the forging factory directly
Technical enquiries and drawings go straight to the works rather than to a trading desk.
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.
No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town,Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China
+86-189-2135-9659
sales@steelforgepieces.com
www.steelforgepieces.com
Languages: English, Chinese
Put this in your F12 RFQ
- Drawing, or finished OD × ID × height / length
- Quantity and required delivery date
- Specification and class: A182 F12 Class 1, Class 2, or A336 F12
- Heat-treatment condition: annealed, or normalised and tempered
- Impact testing: temperature and required energy, if applicable
- Machining state: as-forged, rough machined or finish machined
- NDT class: UT to EN 10228-3, SEP 1921 or ASTM A388
- Certification: EN 10204 3.1, or 3.2 and which third party
Citing this page
The F12 property data on this page is published for reference and may be quoted with attribution. Suggested citation:
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. "ASTM A182 F12 Forgings (A336 F12 / SA-182 F12): composition, mechanical and creep properties, and forged product forms." steelforgepieces.com, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China. Updated 14 September 2026.
https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Alloy-Steel/F12.html
Reviewed by the technical sales team at Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., an open-die forging factory producing F12 components. Composition and mechanical requirements follow ASTM A182/A182M and ASTM A336/A336M. Physical and creep values are typical published data for 1Cr-0.5Mo steel. The mill certificate supplied with each forging governs for acceptance.
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Last reviewed 14 September 2026 by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.