Round bars and flat bars
Forged round bars and rods, square, rectangular and flat bars in 1.8070, rough-turned or black as required.
1.8070 is the European material number for 21CrMoV5-11, a chromium-molybdenum-vanadium creep-resistant alloy steel covered by EN 10269 and DIN 17240 and used for components that must hold their strength at temperatures up to roughly 540 °C (1004 °F): steam turbine rotor shafts, high-temperature bolts and nuts, valve parts and pressure-retaining forgings.
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., an open-die forging factory in Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China, melts 1.8070 by the EAF + LF + VD route and forges it into round and flat bars, hollow bars and sleeves, seamless rolled rings, blocks and discs, rollers, shafts and turbine rotor forgings, supplied annealed, normalised, or quenched and tempered to the customer's drawing. Enquiries: sales@steelforgepieces.com, +86 189 2135 9659.
Grade identity: what 1.8070 steel is
1.8070 is a low-carbon, low-alloy steel containing approximately 1.35 % chromium, 1.10 % molybdenum and 0.30 % vanadium. These elements form stable carbides that resist softening and creep during long service at elevated temperature. 1.8070 is therefore classed with the high-temperature bolting and rotor steels rather than with general quenched and tempered structural steels.
1.8070 is supplied in the quenched and tempered condition for most applications. Its tempering temperature is high, 680–740 °C, so the microstructure stays stable in service and the steel still shows a 0.2 % proof stress of about 373 N/mm² at 500 °C.
| System | Designation | Note |
|---|---|---|
| EN material number | 1.8070 | Werkstoffnummer used on mill certificates |
| EN / DIN name | 21CrMoV5-11 | 0.21 % C, 1.25 % Cr (5÷4), 1.1 % Mo (11÷10), plus V |
| Standards | EN 10269, DIN 17240 | Fasteners and high-temperature bolting steels |
| Former brand name | Atrix 231 | Historic Saarstahl trade name |
| Poland (PN) | 21HMF | Cross-referenced grade, confirm against the order standard |
| Closely related grade | 1.7709 / 21CrMoV5-7 | Same family, lower molybdenum (≈0.7 % vs ≈1.1 %) |
Cross-references. 1.8070 has no exact AISI/SAE or ASTM equivalent. The grades listed above are close in chemistry and application but are not drop-in substitutes. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. supplies against the standard named on your purchase order and issues an EN 10204 3.1 certificate stating the grade actually forged.
Chemical composition of 1.8070 / 21CrMoV5-11
The typical analysis below is the one quoted on the mill datasheets for 1.8070. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. melts to this analysis and reports the actual ladle chemistry of every heat on the material certificate.
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Ni | V | W | Others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.21 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 1.35 | 1.10 | max. 0.30 | 0.30 | - | - |
Chromium and molybdenum give hardenability and creep strength; vanadium refines the grain and forms fine carbides that pin dislocations at temperature. Nickel is held to a maximum of 0.30 % because higher nickel would lower the transformation temperature and limit how high the steel can be tempered.
Physical properties
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Modulus of elasticity | 210 × 10³ N/mm² | 30.5 × 10³ ksi |
| Density | 7.80 g/cm³ | 0.282 lb/in³ |
| Hot forming temperature | 1100–850 °C | 2012–1562 °F |
| Max. working temperature | ≈ 539 °C | ≈ 1002 °F |
Heat treatment of 1.8070 forgings
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. can supply 1.8070 forgings annealed, normalised, or hardened and tempered according to what the customer specifies. The parameters below are the standard route for the grade.
| Operation | Temperature | Method |
|---|---|---|
| Hot forging | 1100–850 °C | Finish forging above 850 °C to avoid cracking |
| Soft annealing | 650–740 °C | Cool slowly in the furnace |
| Hardening | 900–950 °C | Oil or air quench |
| Tempering | 680–740 °C | Hold, then cool; sets final strength level |
Tempering temperature. Keep the tempering temperature at least 30–50 °C above the intended service temperature. Otherwise the part continues to temper in service and loses strength. For a component running at 540 °C, temper towards the upper end of the 680–740 °C band.
Mechanical properties of 1.8070
Room-temperature properties, quenched and tempered
| Diameter | 0.2 % proof stress Rp0.2 | Tensile strength Rm | Elongation A | Reduction Z | Notch impact energy (ISO-V) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Up to 160 mm (6.3 in) | 540 N/mm² (78 ksi) | 690–830 N/mm² (100–120 ksi) | 16 % | - | 55 J (41 ft·lb) |
0.2 % proof stress at elevated temperature
1.8070 retains about 69 % of its room-temperature proof stress at 500 °C. Turbine components and high-temperature bolting depend on this behaviour.
| 200 °C | 300 °C | 400 °C | 500 °C |
|---|---|---|---|
| 510 | 481 | 431 | 373 |
1 % creep limit
| Duration | 450 °C | 500 °C | 540 °C |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 000 h | 353 | 235 | 120 |
| 100 000 h | 275 | 167 | 68 |
Creep rupture strength
| Duration | 450 °C | 500 °C | 540 °C |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 000 h | 441 | 304 | 180 |
| 100 000 h | 343 | 211 | 102 |
Both creep tables are used when sizing a part. The 1 % creep limit governs dimensional stability, for example a bolt losing preload or a rotor growing in service. Creep rupture strength governs eventual failure. At 540 °C over 100 000 hours the values are 68 N/mm² for 1 % strain and 102 N/mm² for rupture, so distortion rather than fracture is normally the limiting design case.
1.8070 forgings manufactured by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory, so 1.8070 is forged to order rather than sold from a fixed catalogue of sizes. The forms below are produced regularly in this grade.
Hollow bars and sleeves
Bored hollow bars, sleeves, bushes, bushings, pipes, tubes, barrels, casings, shells, cylinders, hubs and housings.
Seamless rolled rings
Seamless rolled rings and forged rings in 1.8070 for casings, flanges and turbine housings.
Blocks, discs and plates
Forged blocks, discs, disks and plates, upset or drawn out depending on the required grain flow.
Rollers, shafts and spindles
Forged rolls, rollers, shafts and spindles, including stepped shafts machined to drawing.
Turbine rotor forgings
Steam turbine rotor shafts, generator components, turbine bolts and blade forgings in 1.8070.
Continuous casting rolls
Forged slab caster rolls, casting rollers and roll bodies for continuous casting lines.
Dummy bars and heads
Forged casting dummy bars and dummy bar heads, plus other 1.8070 components made to print.
Forging envelope. Maximum piece weight, diameter and length are confirmed on enquiry. Send a drawing or a dimensioned sketch with the required quantity to sales@steelforgepieces.com and we will confirm feasibility, finished weight and price.
Where 1.8070 is used
- Power generation. Steam turbine rotor shafts, rotor blades, shaft forgings, casings and covers operating up to about 550 °C.
- High-temperature fasteners. Bolts, studs and nuts for steam plant flanges, where preload must survive thousands of hours hot.
- Pressure equipment. Valve bodies, valve spindles, flanges and pressure-retaining forgings in boiler and steam circuits.
- Petrochemical plant. Reactor internals and piping components in hydrogen-bearing service, subject to the partial-pressure limits for Cr-Mo steels.
- Heavy machinery. Continuous casting rolls, dummy bars and hot-service rolls where creep and thermal fatigue both matter.
Manufacturing, testing and documentation
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. melts 1.8070 by the electric arc furnace route with ladle refining and vacuum degassing (EAF + LF + VD). Vacuum degassing is important for this grade because dissolved hydrogen in heavy Cr-Mo-V sections causes flaking. Low hydrogen content is a condition for sound large forgings.
| Stage | What we supply |
|---|---|
| Melting | EAF + LF + VD; ESR on request |
| Forging | Open-die forging and ring rolling, 1100–850 °C |
| Heat treatment | Annealed, normalised, or quenched and tempered |
| Chemical analysis | Ladle and product analysis, spectrometer |
| Mechanical testing | Tensile, impact (ISO-V), hardness; elevated-temperature tensile on request |
| Non-destructive testing | Ultrasonic testing to EN 10228 or ASTM A388; MPI and PT on request |
| Documentation | EN 10204 3.1 certificate as standard; 3.2 with third-party witness on request |
| Third-party inspection | SGS, BV, TÜV, Lloyd's and customer inspectors accepted |
1.8070 compared with related grades
Selection between Cr-Mo-V grades is normally a trade-off between service temperature, section size and cost. The table compares 1.8070 with the two grades most often considered alongside it.
| Property | 1.8070 / 21CrMoV5-11 | 1.7709 / 21CrMoV5-7 | 1.7225 / 42CrMo4 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon | ≈ 0.21 % | ≈ 0.21 % | ≈ 0.42 % |
| Molybdenum | ≈ 1.10 % | ≈ 0.60 % | ≈ 0.22 % |
| Vanadium | ≈ 0.30 % | ≈ 0.30 % | none |
| Creep resistance | Highest of the three | High | Not a creep grade |
| Typical max. service temp. | ≈ 540 °C | ≈ 540 °C | ≈ 200 °C |
| Room-temp. tensile | 690–830 N/mm² | Similar class | 900–1100 N/mm² |
| Best suited to | Turbine rotors, hot bolting, long hot service | Hot bolting where 1.1 % Mo is not required | Ambient-temperature strength, shafts, gears |
Specify 1.8070 when the part runs hot for tens of thousands of hours. Specify 42CrMo4 / 1.7225 where higher room-temperature strength is needed and the part does not see sustained heat. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. forges all three grades.
Frequently asked questions about 1.8070 steel
What is 1.8070 steel?
1.8070 is the EN material number for 21CrMoV5-11, a chromium-molybdenum-vanadium creep-resistant alloy steel standardised in EN 10269 and DIN 17240. It contains about 0.21 % carbon, 1.35 % chromium, 1.10 % molybdenum and 0.30 % vanadium, and is used for forged parts that operate at high temperature: steam turbine rotors, hot bolting, valve components and pressure-retaining forgings.
Is 1.8070 the same as 21CrMoV5-11?
Yes. 1.8070 is the numeric material designation and 21CrMoV5-11 is the alphanumeric name for the same steel. The name encodes the chemistry: 21 means about 0.21 % carbon, 5 divided by 4 gives about 1.25 % chromium, and 11 divided by 10 gives about 1.1 % molybdenum, with vanadium added. Both appear on the same mill certificate.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1.8070?
1.8070 is normally applied up to about 539–550 °C (1002–1022 °F). At 500 °C it still holds a 0.2 % proof stress of 373 N/mm². Above roughly 540 °C its creep strength falls away quickly: the 100 000-hour 1 % creep limit drops from 167 N/mm² at 500 °C to 68 N/mm² at 540 °C, so design margins must be checked carefully at the top of the range.
What is the difference between 1.8070 and 1.7709?
Both are 21CrMoV5 creep-resistant steels with similar carbon and vanadium levels. The difference is molybdenum: 1.8070 (21CrMoV5-11) carries about 1.1 % Mo, while 1.7709 (21CrMoV5-7) carries about 0.6–0.7 % Mo. The higher molybdenum in 1.8070 gives better creep resistance in long hot service, and the grade is preferred for turbine rotor and heavy hot-bolting applications.
Can 1.8070 be welded?
1.8070 can be welded with care, but it is not a freely weldable steel. As a Cr-Mo-V grade it requires preheat, a matching or compatible low-alloy filler, controlled interpass temperature, and post-weld heat treatment to relieve stress and restore toughness. Weld procedures should be qualified for the specific section thickness and service temperature. Tell us at enquiry stage if the forging will be welded, so that the delivery condition and chemistry can be set accordingly.
How is 1.8070 heat treated?
The standard route is hardening from 900–950 °C with an oil or air quench, followed by tempering at 680–740 °C. Soft annealing, where required, is done at 650–740 °C with slow cooling. Hot forging is carried out between 1100 °C and 850 °C. The tempering temperature should stay comfortably above the intended service temperature so the part does not continue to temper in operation.
Who supplies 1.8070 forgings?
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China, that manufactures 1.8070 / 21CrMoV5-11 forgings to customer drawings, including bars, hollow bars, seamless rolled rings, discs, shafts, rollers and turbine components. The company melts by the EAF + LF + VD route and issues EN 10204 3.1 certificates. Contact sales@steelforgepieces.com or +86 189 2135 9659.
What is the minimum order and how long does delivery take?
Every 1.8070 part is open-die forged to drawing, so there is no fixed catalogue minimum. Single prototype pieces and small batches are both possible. The practical minimum is set by piece weight and by the heat size required if the grade has to be melted for the order. Lead time is quoted together with the price. Send the drawing, quantity, delivery condition and testing requirements for a firm answer.
What documentation is issued with 1.8070 forgings?
An EN 10204 3.1 material certificate is issued as standard, stating heat number, ladle chemistry, heat treatment condition and mechanical test results. EN 10204 3.2 certificates with third-party witnessing are available, and inspection by SGS, BV, TÜV, Lloyd's or the customer's own inspector is accepted. Ultrasonic testing to EN 10228 or ASTM A388 can be added to the scope.
Supplier: Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory based in Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China. The company forges carbon steel, alloy steel, tool steel, stainless steel and nickel-based alloys into bars, seamless rolled rings, flanges, discs, shafts, sleeves and turbine components, and supplies 1.8070 / 21CrMoV5-11 forgings worldwide to drawing.
- Company
- Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.
- Factory address
- No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town,
Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province 214423,
China - Telephone / WhatsApp / WeChat
- +86 189 2135 9659
- Website
- www.steelforgepieces.com
- Business
- Open-die forgings and seamless rolled rings
Related grades forged by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal
The grades below are forged in the same works and are frequently specified alongside or instead of 1.8070.
- 42CrMo4 forgings
- 1.7225 forgings
- AISI 4140 forgings
- 34CrNiMo6 forgings
- AISI 4340 forgings
- 30NiCrMo8 forgings
- 18CrNiMo7-6 forgings
- 1.6587 forgings
- Nimonic 80A forgings
- Inconel 706 forgings
- Waspaloy forgings
- 17-4PH forgings
Standards and references
- EN 10269, steels and nickel alloys for fasteners with specified elevated and/or low temperature properties.
- DIN 17240, heat-resistant and high-temperature materials for bolts and nuts.
- EN 10204, metallic products: types of inspection documents.
- EN 10228 and ASTM A388, ultrasonic testing of steel forgings.
- Saarstahl material specification sheet, 21CrMoV5-11, material no. 1.8070 (PDF).
Datasheet values on this page are typical published values for 1.8070 / 21CrMoV5-11 and are given for guidance. Properties actually achieved depend on section size, forging ratio and heat treatment. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. supplies against the standard and acceptance criteria stated on the purchase order, and reports measured values on the material certificate. Last reviewed: 8 September 2026.