Nickel alloy forgings · Material datasheet
UNS N06230 Forgings Haynes® 230 · W.Nr. 2.4733 · NiCr22W14Mo. Open-die forged rings, bars, discs and shafts.
Composition limits, mechanical and physical data, forging and heat treatment practice for UNS N06230, with the forged forms and sizes produced by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.
Summary
UNS N06230 is a nickel-chromium-tungsten-molybdenum alloy, nominally Ni-22Cr-14W-2Mo with a lanthanum addition. It is sold under the trade name Haynes® 230 and designated W.Nr. 2.4733 (NiCr22W14Mo) in Europe. Tungsten and molybdenum held in solid solution carry the strength. The alloy is not precipitation hardened and does not respond to an ageing cycle. The correct final condition for a forging is solution annealed at 1177 to 1246 °C, rapidly cooled.
It resists oxidation in air to about 1149 °C (2100 °F) and resists nitriding better than most nickel alloys. Testing to 16,000 hours between 649 and 870 °C shows no sigma or mu phase. Common applications are gas turbine combustors and transition ducts, nitric acid catalyst grid supports and furnace hardware.
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging works at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China. It forges UNS N06230 to customer drawings as seamless rolled rings, round bars, discs, shafts, sleeves, flanges, tube sheets and near-net shapes, to AMS 5891 and ASTM B564, with EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2 certification. Contact sales@steelforgepieces.com or +86-189-2135-9659.
- UNS number
- N06230
- Werkstoff no.
- 2.4733
- Trade name
- Haynes 230
- Nominal chemistry
- Ni-22Cr-14W-2Mo
- Density
- 8.97 g/cm³
- Melting range
- 1301–1371 °C
- Max. oxidation service
- 1149 °C / 2100 °F
- Forging range
- 927–1177 °C
- Solution anneal
- 1177–1246 °C
- Bar & forging spec
- AMS 5891
- Forging spec
- ASTM B564 / SB-564
- Certification
- EN 10204 3.1 / 3.2
Section 01Alloy description
UNS N06230 is a solid-solution strengthened nickel alloy for continuous service in hot oxidising and nitriding atmospheres.
Chromium at 20 to 24 per cent forms and maintains the protective Cr2O3 scale. Tungsten at 13 to 15 per cent and molybdenum at 1 to 3 per cent stay in solid solution and carry the creep strength, without the cobalt used in alloys such as Haynes 25 and Haynes 188. The lanthanum addition of 0.005 to 0.05 per cent holds the oxide scale to the substrate through thermal cycling, so the scale spalls less under repeated start-stop duty.
Thermal stability is usually the property that decides the specification. Long exposure between 649 and 870 °C embrittles many nickel alloys through sigma or mu phase formation. UNS N06230 does not form these phases. Testing to 16,000 hours in that range shows carbide precipitation only, and impact values stay high.
Room-temperature strength is moderate. The alloy is selected for load-bearing duty above roughly 815 °C, and it will not respond to an ageing treatment.
Section 02Designations and specifications
Forgings and bar are governed by AMS 5891, ASTM B564 / ASME SB-564 and ASTM B572 / ASME SB-572.
| System | Designation | Product form |
|---|---|---|
| UNS | N06230 | All forms |
| Werkstoff / DIN 17744 | 2.4733 · NiCr22W14Mo | All forms |
| Trade name | Haynes® 230®, Alloy 230 | All forms |
| SAE AMS | AMS 5891 | Bar, forgings, forging stock |
| SAE AMS | AMS 5878 | Sheet, strip, plate |
| ASTM / ASME | ASTM B564 · ASME SB-564 | Forgings |
| ASTM / ASME | ASTM B572 · ASME SB-572 | Rod and bar |
| ASTM / ASME | ASTM B435 · ASME SB-435 | Plate, sheet, strip |
| ASTM / ASME | ASTM B366 · ASME SB-366 | Fittings |
| ASTM / ASME | ASTM B622 · B626 · B619 | Seamless tube, welded tube, welded pipe |
| ASME BPVC | Code Case 2063 | Section I applications |
| OEM | GE B50TF246 | Referenced by some gas turbine OEMs |
Compliance with an OEM qualification specification requires that OEM's approval and is confirmed order by order.
Section 03Chemical composition
Chromium 20.0 to 24.0, tungsten 13.0 to 15.0, molybdenum 1.0 to 3.0, balance nickel.
| Element | Symbol | Weight % | Function |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nickel | Ni | Balance (47–65) | Matrix |
| Chromium | Cr | 20.0–24.0 | Forms the Cr2O3 scale |
| Tungsten | W | 13.0–15.0 | Principal solid-solution strengthener |
| Molybdenum | Mo | 1.0–3.0 | Secondary solid-solution strengthener |
| Cobalt | Co | 5.0 max | Residual |
| Iron | Fe | 3.0 max | Residual |
| Manganese | Mn | 0.30–1.00 | Deoxidiser |
| Silicon | Si | 0.25–0.75 | Deoxidiser, aids oxidation resistance |
| Aluminium | Al | 0.20–0.50 | Deoxidiser, aids scale adhesion |
| Carbon | C | 0.05–0.15 | Forms the primary carbides |
| Lanthanum | La | 0.005–0.05 | Holds the oxide scale during cycling |
| Boron | B | 0.015 max | Grain boundary strengthening |
| Titanium | Ti | 0.10 max | Residual |
| Copper | Cu | 0.50 max | Residual |
| Phosphorus | P | 0.030 max | Impurity |
| Sulfur | S | 0.015 max | Impurity |
Melting route
UNS N06230 is supplied melted by EAF plus AOD or VOD, followed by electroslag remelting. ESR lowers sulfur and oxygen, breaks up macro-segregation and gives the sound ingot structure needed for a large ring or a heavy disc to pass its ultrasonic acceptance class. VIM plus VAR or VIM plus ESR can be quoted where an aerospace specification calls for it.
Section 04Mechanical properties
AMS 5891 requires 758 MPa (110 ksi) minimum tensile strength, 310 MPa (45 ksi) minimum 0.2 per cent yield strength and 35 per cent minimum elongation at room temperature in the solution annealed condition.
| Property | Specified minimum (AMS 5891) | Typical as delivered |
|---|---|---|
| Ultimate tensile strength | 758 MPa (110 ksi) min | 820–870 MPa (119–126 ksi) |
| 0.2 % yield strength | 310 MPa (45 ksi) min | 370–420 MPa (54–61 ksi) |
| Elongation in 4D | 35 % min | 42–50 % |
| Reduction of area | By agreement | 45–60 % |
| Hardness | 241 HB max | 180–220 HB |
Typical values are indicative of solution annealed forged product and do not replace the certified test results for the delivered heat. Section size, forging ratio and final annealing temperature all shift these figures.
Properties at temperature
Tensile strength falls gradually to about 815 °C (1500 °F) and more steeply above that. Beyond roughly 870 °C (1600 °F), design is governed by creep and stress rupture rather than short-term tensile properties. Creep strength at 927 °C (1700 °F) is what makes the alloy viable for nitric acid catalyst grid supports and gas turbine hot section hardware. For a creep limited component, request the creep and rupture curves for the section size rather than working from tensile minima.
Section 05Physical properties
Density 8.97 g/cm³ (0.324 lb/in³). Melting range 1301 to 1371 °C (2375 to 2500 °F).
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 8.97 g/cm³ | 0.324 lb/in³ |
| Melting range | 1301–1371 °C | 2375–2500 °F |
| Modulus of elasticity, tension | 211 GPa | 30.6 × 10³ ksi |
| Thermal conductivity | 8.9 W/m·K | 62 BTU·in/h·ft²·°F |
| Mean expansion, 25–100 °C | 12.7 µm/m·K | 7.0 µin/in·°F |
| Mean expansion, 25–1000 °C | 16.1 µm/m·K | 8.9 µin/in·°F |
| Electrical resistivity | 1.25 µΩ·m | 49.2 µΩ·in |
| Magnetic permeability | Non-magnetic, austenitic | |
Section 06Forging and heat treatment
Forge between 1177 and 927 °C (2150 to 1700 °F). Solution anneal at 1177 to 1246 °C (2150 to 2275 °F) and cool rapidly. Do not age.
Temperature ranges
Forging practice
- Soak the billet at 1177 °C until the full section is at temperature before the first blow. Starting on a cold core is the usual cause of internal bursting in heavy sections.
- Reheat rather than finishing below 927 °C.
- Press loads are higher than austenitic stainless at the same temperature. Allow for it in reduction per pass and in die design.
- Intermediate annealing below 1165 °C is acceptable where the process route requires it.
Heat treatment
Wrought UNS N06230 is supplied solution heat treated unless the order states otherwise. Solution anneal at 1177 to 1246 °C, typically near 1230 °C, then cool rapidly or water quench. Any hot or cold worked part is annealed and rapidly cooled afterwards to restore the balance of properties.
Ageing does not apply to this alloy. UNS N06230 is sometimes ordered with a solution plus ageing cycle copied from a precipitation hardened grade such as Inconel 718. Strength here comes from solid solution, not from a gamma prime or gamma double prime precipitate, and annealing below the solution range precipitates carbides that can reduce strength and ductility. Query any drawing that calls for ageing on N06230 before the order is placed.
Machining and welding
Machinability is comparable to other solid-solution nickel and cobalt high-temperature alloys such as Hastelloy X or Haynes 25, and not to stainless steel. Use rigid setups, sharp positive-rake tooling, low surface speeds, heavy feeds and flood coolant, and specify generous machining allowance on forgings. The alloy welds by GTAW, GMAW and resistance welding with matching filler. Preheat is not required, interpass temperature is held below about 93 °C (200 °F), and post-weld heat treatment is not generally needed.
Section 07Forged forms and size range
Seamless rolled rings, round bars, discs, shafts, sleeves, bushings, flanges, tube sheets, forged pipe and near-net shapes, all made to drawing.
| Form | Size range | Typical use |
|---|---|---|
| Seamless rolled rings | OD 200–3,000 mm | Combustor casings, flanged joints, catalyst grid supports |
| Forged round bar | Ø 50–1,000 mm | Machining stock, valve stems, spindles |
| Discs and blanks | Ø to 1,500 mm | Turbine hardware, tube sheets, closure heads |
| Shafts and spindles | Ø 60–800 mm, length to 6,000 mm | Pump and furnace shafts, eccentric shafts |
| Flanges | Weld neck, blind, slip-on, to ASME B16.5 / B16.47 or drawing | High-temperature piping |
| Sleeves, bushings, hollow bar | OD 100–1,200 mm | Bearing and wear components, liners |
| Tube sheets | Ø to 2,500 mm | High-temperature heat exchangers |
| Forged pipe and tube | To drawing | Thick-wall high-temperature service |
| Valve bodies, seat rings, blocks | To drawing | Ball, gate, globe, check and plug valves |
| Near-net shapes | Single-piece weight to 5,000 kg | Nozzles, manifolds, crankshafts, rolls |
Achievable size depends on geometry, machining allowance and the required ultrasonic acceptance class. Send the drawing or the finished dimensions with the applicable specification and the limits will be confirmed against press and ring mill capacity.
Supply condition
- Standard: solution annealed, rapidly cooled, rough machined or turned with agreed allowance.
- Surface: as forged and descaled, shot blasted, turned, ground or fully machined.
- Marking: heat number, specification, dimensions and purchase order number, hard stamped or vibro-etched.
- Packing: fumigation-free plywood cases or steel pallets for sea and air freight.
Section 08Applications
UNS N06230 forgings are specified where a component carries load in air, combustion gas or nitriding atmospheres above roughly 815 °C for a long service life.
| Industry | Components |
|---|---|
| Gas turbines and aero engines | Combustion cans and combustor rings, transition ducts, flame holders, nozzle rings, thermocouple sheaths, casing rings |
| Nitric acid and chemical process | Catalyst grid supports and baskets, reactor internals, forged nozzles, high-temperature bolting |
| Industrial furnaces and heat treatment | Muffles, retorts, radiant tube components, fixtures, baskets, roller and hearth hardware |
| Power generation | Superheater and reheater hardware, expansion bellows components, high-temperature flanges and tube sheets |
| Petrochemical and refining | Heat exchanger tube sheets, forged shells, valve bodies, seat rings, stems and blocks |
| Waste incineration | Grate and support hardware, ducting flanges, hangers in chloride and sulfur bearing flue gas |
| Nitriding and carburising plant | Fixtures and load-bearing hardware where nitriding attack limits other alloys |
Section 09Testing and certification
EN 10204 3.1 material certificate as standard. EN 10204 3.2 witnessed by a third party on request.
Certificate content
- Heat number and melting route, traceable to the ingot.
- Ladle and product chemical analysis against the applicable specification.
- Heat treatment record with solution annealing temperature, soak time, cooling method and furnace charts.
- Room-temperature tensile results and hardness. Elevated-temperature tensile, impact, creep or stress rupture testing where the order calls for it.
- Dimensional report and NDT reports.
Non-destructive testing
Ultrasonic testing to EN 10228-3, SEP 1921 or ASTM A388 at the quality class stated on the order. Liquid penetrant examination to ASTM E165 or EN ISO 3452 and positive material identification by portable XRF or OES are available. Grain size to ASTM E112, macro-etch examination and intergranular corrosion testing can be added where a specification requires them.
Third-party inspection. TUV, SGS, BV, Lloyd's Register and customer-nominated inspectors are accepted. Name the inspection body and the hold points on the purchase order and an inspection and test plan will be issued for approval before production starts.
Section 10Comparison with alternative alloys
Against Hastelloy X and Inconel 617, UNS N06230 gives higher creep strength above about 870 °C and better long-term stability, with tungsten replacing cobalt as the strengthener.
| Alloy | UNS | Main strengtheners | Creep strength above 870 °C | Selection notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UNS N06230 (Haynes 230) | N06230 | 14 W, 2 Mo | High | Creep strength, nitriding resistance and thermal stability without a cobalt addition |
| Hastelloy X | N06002 | 9 Mo, 0.6 W | Moderate | Lower cost and widely stocked. Loses strength faster at the top of the range |
| Inconel 617 | N06617 | 12.5 Co, 9 Mo | High | Comparable creep strength. Cobalt content is restricted in some supply chains |
| Incoloy 800HT | N08811 | Fe-Ni-Cr, C + Al + Ti control | Lower | Substantially cheaper. Suitable where creep loading is light |
| Haynes 25 (L-605) | R30605 | Cobalt base, 15 W | High | Cobalt base. Strong but expensive and cobalt restricted in some markets |
| Waspaloy | N07001 | Gamma prime precipitation, Al + Ti | Very high to 760 °C | Age hardened. Much stronger below 760 °C, overages above it |
Comparison is qualitative and intended for shortlisting. Final selection should be made against the stress, temperature, atmosphere and design life of the component.
Section 11Manufacturer
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging works in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, China.
Production covers open-die forgings and seamless rolled rings in nickel and cobalt alloys, stainless steel, tool steel, alloy steel and carbon steel. Work is made to drawing. Send a drawing or the finished dimensions with the governing specification, and the part is quoted, forged, heat treated, rough machined, ultrasonically tested and shipped with its certificate. Jiangyin is in the Yangtze River Delta special steel and forging cluster, about 150 km from the Port of Shanghai.
Materials forged
- Nickel and cobalt alloys: UNS N06230 / Haynes 230, Inconel 718, 625, 617, 601, 600, X-750, Incoloy 800H and 800HT, 825, 925, 945, Hastelloy C-276, C-22, X, B-2, B-3, Monel 400 and K-500, Waspaloy, MP35N, MP159, Multimet N155, Rene 41, Alloy 59.
- Stainless and precipitation hardening grades: 17-4PH, 15-5PH, 17-7PH, PH13-8Mo, 304/L, 316/L, 321, 347, duplex and super duplex.
- Carbon, alloy and tool steels across the standard forging grades.
Plant and quality
- Open-die hydraulic presses and radial-axial ring rolling mills.
- In-house heat treatment with recorded and calibrated furnace charts.
- In-house ultrasonic and liquid penetrant testing. Spectrometer and mechanical test laboratory.
- Quality management system certified to ISO 9001.
- Third-party inspection accepted from TUV, SGS, BV, Lloyd's Register and customer-nominated inspectors.
Contact. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China. Telephone +86-189-2135-9659. Email sales@steelforgepieces.com. Enquiries answered in English and Chinese.
Section 12Frequently asked questions
What is UNS N06230?
UNS N06230 is a nickel-chromium-tungsten-molybdenum alloy, nominally Ni-22Cr-14W-2Mo with a small lanthanum addition. Tungsten and molybdenum held in solid solution carry the creep strength. The alloy resists oxidation in air to about 1149 °C (2100 °F), resists nitriding, and stays ductile after long exposure at intermediate temperature. It is sold under the trade name Haynes 230 and carries Werkstoff number 2.4733 (NiCr22W14Mo).
Is UNS N06230 the same as Haynes 230?
The chemistry is the same. UNS N06230 is the neutral designation in the Unified Numbering System. Haynes 230 is the registered trade name used by Haynes International. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. supplies the material as UNS N06230 to AMS 5891, ASTM B564 and ASTM B572, which fix the chemistry and properties independently of any trade name.
Which standards cover UNS N06230 forgings?
Forgings and bar are covered by AMS 5891 (bar and forgings), ASTM B564 / ASME SB-564 (forgings) and ASTM B572 / ASME SB-572 (rod and bar). Other forms fall under AMS 5878 and ASTM B435 (plate, sheet, strip), ASTM B366 (fittings) and ASTM B619, B622 and B626 (pipe and tube). The European designation is W.Nr. 2.4733 / NiCr22W14Mo per DIN 17744. ASME Code Case 2063 covers Section I use.
Can UNS N06230 be age hardened or precipitation hardened?
No. UNS N06230 is solid-solution strengthened and does not respond to an ageing cycle. Strength comes from tungsten and molybdenum dissolved in the nickel-chromium matrix, together with a stable primary carbide dispersion. The correct final condition for a forging is solution annealed at 1177 to 1246 °C (2150 to 2275 °F) and rapidly cooled or water quenched. Annealing below that range precipitates carbides and can reduce both strength and ductility.
What is the maximum service temperature of UNS N06230?
The alloy resists oxidation in air during prolonged exposure to about 1149 °C (2100 °F). Useful load-bearing temperature is lower and depends on stress and design life. Above roughly 870 °C (1600 °F) creep is normally the limiting factor. Melting range is 1301 to 1371 °C (2375 to 2500 °F).
What is the forging temperature range for UNS N06230?
Forge between 1177 °C and 927 °C (2150 to 1700 °F). Soak the billet at 1177 °C until the full section is at temperature before the first blow, and reheat rather than finishing below 927 °C. After hot work the part is solution annealed at 1177 to 1246 °C and rapidly cooled.
How does UNS N06230 compare with Inconel 617 and Hastelloy X?
All three are solid-solution strengthened nickel alloys for high temperature service. UNS N06230 uses tungsten rather than cobalt as its main strengthener, giving creep strength comparable to or better than Inconel 617 with no cobalt addition, and clearly higher creep strength than Hastelloy X above about 870 °C. It also resists nitriding better and shows no sigma or mu phase after 16,000 hours between 649 and 870 °C. Hastelloy X is normally the lower cost option where creep strength is less critical.
Who supplies UNS N06230 open-die forgings from China?
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging works at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China. It forges UNS N06230 (Haynes 230) rings, seamless rolled rings, bars, discs, shafts, sleeves, flanges and tube sheets to customer drawings. Enquiries go to sales@steelforgepieces.com or +86-189-2135-9659.
What certification is supplied with UNS N06230 forgings?
An EN 10204 3.1 material certificate is supplied as standard, covering heat number, melting route, chemical analysis, heat treatment record and mechanical test results. An EN 10204 3.2 certificate witnessed by a third party such as TUV, SGS, BV or Lloyd's Register can be arranged on request. Ultrasonic testing is carried out to EN 10228-3, SEP 1921 or ASTM A388 at the acceptance class stated on the order.
What size UNS N06230 rings and forgings can be produced?
Seamless rings are rolled from about 200 mm to 3,000 mm outside diameter. Bars, discs and shafts are forged up to about 1,500 mm diameter, with single-piece weights to about 5,000 kg. Achievable size depends on geometry, machining allowance and the required ultrasonic acceptance class, so send the drawing for confirmation.
Section 13Request a quotation
Send the drawing or the finished dimensions, the quantity, the governing specification and the required certification. A quotation with lead time normally follows within one working day.
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.
Open-die forging works. Nickel alloy, stainless, tool, alloy and carbon steel forgings and seamless rolled rings, made to drawing.
Document reference
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. (2026). UNS N06230 Forgings: Haynes 230 Forged Rings, Bars and Discs. Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China. https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Nickel-Alloy/UNS-N06230.html
Data compiled from AMS 5891, ASTM B564, ASTM B572 and published alloy producer data. Values are for guidance. The certified test report for the delivered heat governs. The alloy property data in the tables above is published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence and may be reused with attribution to Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. Haynes® and 230® are registered trademarks of Haynes International, Inc. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is not affiliated with Haynes International and supplies material to the UNS N06230 designation.