Rings, sleeves and shells
Seamless rolled rings, forged rings, bushings, sleeves, barrels, casings, shells, cylinders, hubs, housings and hollow bars. Ring outside diameter up to 6,000 mm on our 3 metre and 6 metre ring rolling mills.
P355GH
Material no. 1.0473Open-die forged components in EN 10028-2 pressure vessel steel. Seamless rolled rings, discs, tubesheets, valve bodies, flanges and shafts, forged and normalized at our works in Jiangyin, Jiangsu.
- Standard
- EN 10028-2, EN 10273
- Classification
- Non-alloy quality steel
- Delivery condition
- Normalized (+N)
- Min. yield ReH
- 355 MPa to 16 mm section
- Tensile Rm
- 510-650 MPa to 60 mm section
- Service limit
- approx. 400 °C / 750 °F
- Piece weight
- 10 kg to 15 t
- Certification
- EN 10204 3.1 / 3.2
P355GH summary
- P355GH, EN material number 1.0473, is a weldable non-alloy quality steel for pressure purposes with specified elevated temperature properties. It is defined in EN 10028-2 for flat products and in EN 10273 for hot rolled bars.
- The normal delivery condition is normalized (+N). Typical applications are boilers, pressure vessels, heat exchangers and hot liquid piping operating up to about 400 °C (750 °F).
- Minimum yield strength ReH is 355 MPa (51.5 ksi) up to 16 mm and reduces to 280 MPa at 150 to 250 mm. Tensile strength Rm is 510-650 MPa (74-94 ksi) up to 60 mm.
- Composition limits are 0.10-0.22 % C and 1.10-1.70 % Mn, with max 0.60 % Si, max 0.025 % P and max 0.015 % S. The sum Cr+Cu+Mo+Ni must stay below 0.70 %.
- Density is 7.85 g/cm³. Charpy impact energy is 27 J transverse at −20 °C in the normalized condition.
- The nearest plate cross references are ASTM A516 Grade 70, A414 Grade G and A537 Class 1. National equivalents include DIN 19Mn6, JIS SPV36 and AFNOR A52CP.
- P355GH is not listed in EN 10222-2, the European standard for steel forgings for pressure purposes, which covers grades only up to P305GH. Forgings in this grade are supplied to EN 10028-2 chemistry with forging specific heat treatment and sampling.
- Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China. Single piece weight range is 10 kg to 15,000 kg, diameter 100 mm to 6,000 mm and length 100 mm to 12,000 mm.
- Enquiries: sales@steelforgepieces.com or +86 189 2135 9659. Each piece is supplied with an EN 10204 3.1 inspection certificate. EN 10204 3.2 certification is available on request.
About P355GH steel
P355GH is the 355 MPa strength level in the EN 10028-2 family of steels for pressure purposes. The letter P indicates a pressure vessel steel, the number gives the minimum yield strength in MPa for the thinnest section, and GH indicates that elevated temperature properties are specified. Under EN 10020 the grade is classified as a non-alloy quality steel, together with P235GH, P265GH and P295GH. The alloying elements listed in the specification are residual limits rather than deliberate additions.
Two standards cover the grade in the product forms most buyers deal with. EN 10028-2 applies to flat products and EN 10273 applies to hot rolled weldable bars for pressure purposes. Both give the normalized condition as the default delivery state, which produces the fine ferrite pearlite structure responsible for the weldability and temperature stability of the grade.
P355GH and the forging standard EN 10222-2
EN 10222-2 is the European standard for steel forgings for pressure purposes made of ferritic and martensitic steels. It lists P235GH, P245GH, P250GH, P265GH, P280GH, P295GH and P305GH. P355GH is not included. A purchase order that specifies P355GH forgings to EN 10222-2 cannot be satisfied as written and is normally rejected at third party inspection.
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. handles this in one of three ways, agreed before the order is confirmed:
- supply to EN 10028-2 chemistry and mechanical limits, with forging specific normalizing and test prolongations taken from the forging itself;
- supply EN 10222-2 P305GH where the design stress allows the lower yield level and a forging specific standard is preferred;
- supply material dual certified against ASTM A266 Class 2 or Class 4 for ASME Section VIII construction.
Written acceptance from the notified body or design authority should be obtained before material is cut.
Chemical composition of P355GH (1.0473)
Heat analysis limits to EN 10028-2, percentage by mass.
| Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Cu | Mo | V | Nb | Ti | Al | N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Limit, % | 0.10-0.22 | ≤ 0.60 | 1.10-1.70 | ≤ 0.025 | ≤ 0.015 | ≤ 0.30 | ≤ 0.30 | ≤ 0.30 | ≤ 0.08 | ≤ 0.02 | ≤ 0.020 | ≤ 0.03 | ≤ 0.020 | ≤ 0.012 |
| Residual limit: Cr + Cu + Mo + Ni < 0.70 %. Product analysis tolerances apply to EN 10028-1. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. reports both ladle and product analysis on the EN 10204 3.1 certificate when product analysis is requested at order stage. | ||||||||||||||
Manganese provides most of the strength. Carbon is limited to keep the carbon equivalent within range for conventional welding. The 0.015 % maximum sulphur limit supports supplementary HIC testing to EN 10229 for sour service.
Mechanical properties of P355GH
All values are minimums for the normalized (+N) condition to EN 10028-2. Yield and tensile strength both reduce as the governing section increases, so design stress should be checked against the thickness of the finished forging.
| Nominal thickness | ≤ 16 mm | > 16-40 mm | > 40-60 mm | > 60-100 mm | > 100-150 mm | > 150-250 mm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ReH, MPa min. | 355 | 345 | 335 | 315 | 295 | 280 |
| ReH, ksi min. | 51.5 | 50.0 | 48.6 | 45.7 | 42.8 | 40.6 |
| Nominal thickness | ≤ 60 mm | > 60-100 mm | > 100-150 mm | > 150-250 mm |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rm, MPa | 510-650 | 490-630 | 480-630 | 470-630 |
| Rm, ksi | 74-94 | 71-91 | 70-91 | 68-91 |
| Property | −20 °C | 0 °C | +20 °C |
|---|---|---|---|
| Charpy KV transverse, J min. | 27 | 34 | 40 |
| Charpy KV longitudinal, J min. | - | 40 | 47 |
| Elongation at fracture A, % min. | 20-21 depending on orientation and thickness | ||
| Density | 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³) | ||
| Service below −20 °C requires supplementary impact testing agreed at order stage. Minimum 0.2 % proof strength values at elevated temperature are tabulated in EN 10028-2 Table 4; Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. issues the applicable extract with the quotation on request. | |||
P355GH equivalent grades
Cross references are approximate. Chemistry ranges, thickness limits and impact requirements differ between standards, so this table should be used as the starting point for a substitution request rather than as a direct swap.
| Region and standard | Nearest grade | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Europe, EN 10028-2 | P355GH (1.0473) | Reference grade |
| USA, ASTM and ASME plate | A516 Gr. 70, A414 Gr. G, A537 Cl. 1 | A516 Gr. 70 is the usual plate substitution |
| USA, ASTM forgings | A266 Cl. 2, A266 Cl. 4, A105 | Used when the component is forged |
| Germany, DIN and WNr | 19Mn6, 19Mn8 | Superseded national grade |
| Japan, JIS | SPV36, SPV355 | Close on strength level |
| France, AFNOR | A52CP | Superseded by EN |
| United Kingdom, BS | 224 Gr. 490 | Superseded by EN |
| Italy, UNI | Fe510-1KW | Superseded by EN |
| Spain, UNE | A52RCI | Superseded by EN |
| Sweden, SS | 2103 | Superseded by EN |
| Finland, SFS | Fe52BP, Fe52DP | Superseded by EN |
| China, GB | Q345R | Similar strength class under GB 713 |
Comparison with related grades
| Grade | Min. ReH, MPa | Rm, MPa | Usual temperature limit | Normally selected when |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P265GH (1.0425) | 265 | 410-530 | approx. 400 °C | Strength is not governing and cost is the main factor |
| P305GH (1.0436) | 305 | 480-610 | approx. 400 °C | A grade listed in EN 10222-2 for forgings is required |
| P355GH (1.0473) | 355 | 510-650 | approx. 400 °C | The highest non-alloy strength level and thinner walls are wanted |
| 16Mo3 (1.5415) | 275 | 440-590 | approx. 530 °C | Design temperature exceeds 400 °C and creep governs |
| A516 Gr. 70 | 260 | 485-620 | ASME service | The vessel is built to ASME Section VIII rather than PED |
| Values are for the thinnest listed section in the normalized condition and are given for comparison only. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. forges all five grades and can quote alternatives against the same set of design conditions. | ||||
P355GH forged product range
All items below are open-die forged and ring rolled at our own works in Jiangyin, then normalized, tested and machined to drawing.
Discs and tubesheets
Forged discs and disks, tubesheets, tube plates and blind covers for shell and tube heat exchangers, drilled and grooved to the specified tube layout where required.
Valve components
Valve bodies and body blocks, bonnets, stems, closures, seat rings and other pressure retaining valve parts for gate, globe, ball and check valves.
Flanges and nozzles
Girth flanges, cover flanges, channel covers, long weld neck flanges and self reinforced FVC type nozzle necks, forged to near net shape to reduce machining time.
Shafts and bars
Forged shafts, stepped shafts, round bars and rectangular blocks, with ultrasonic testing to the EN 10228-3 acceptance class agreed at order stage.
Heat exchanger sets
Complete forged component sets for shell and tube exchangers, including shell flanges, channel covers, tubesheets and nozzles supplied against one heat where the design allows.
Production route
The sequence below appears on the traveller sheet supplied with the order and is reflected in the EN 10204 certificate.
- Melting and ingot supply
Electric arc furnace with ladle refining, with ESR or VIM + ESR + VAR routes where the specification requires them. Each ingot carries a heat number that stays with the part through to final certification.
- Heating and open-die forging
Upsetting and drawing on 1 t to 9 t forging hammers and a 4,500 t hydraulic press to break down the as cast structure and reach the forging ratio agreed for the part.
- Ring rolling
For ring geometries the pierced preform is rolled to finished diameter, which continues the grain flow in the circumferential direction.
- Normalizing
Austenitizing and air cooling to the +N condition required by EN 10028-2, with charted furnace records included in the certificate package.
- Testing
Tensile, Charpy V-notch and hardness testing on prolongations taken from the forging, together with ultrasonic and magnetic particle examination to the agreed acceptance class.
- Machining and dispatch
Rough or finish machining, dimensional report, preservation, marking with heat number, grade and purchase order reference, then export packing.
Supply capability
Working limits for P355GH at Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. Requirements outside these ranges can still be submitted for quotation.
| Parameter | Range |
|---|---|
| Single piece weight | 10 kg to 15,000 kg (22 lb to 33,000 lb) |
| Diameter | 100 to 6,000 mm (4 to 236 in) |
| Length | 100 to 12,000 mm (4 to 472 in) |
| Ring rolling | 3 metre and 6 metre seamless rolled ring mills |
| Forging equipment | 1 t, 3 t, 6 t and 9 t forging hammers, 4,500 t hydraulic press |
| Melting routes | Electric arc furnace with ladle refining; ESR and VIM + ESR + VAR available where the specification requires it |
| Delivery condition | Normalized (+N); normalized and tempered (+NT) or quenched and tempered (+QT) by agreement |
| Machining | As forged, rough machined with allowance, or finish machined to drawing |
| Non-destructive testing | UT to EN 10228-3 or ASTM A388, MT to EN 10228-1, PT, hardness survey, PMI |
| Supplementary testing | Simulated PWHT, HIC to EN 10229, through thickness Z15, Z25 and Z35, low temperature impact, grain size |
| Inspection document | EN 10204 3.1 as standard, 3.2 witnessed by TUV, SGS, BV, DNV, Lloyds Register or the customer inspector |
| Minimum order quantity | 1 piece, prototypes accepted |
| Lead time | 25 to 45 days from drawing approval |
| Export terms | EXW, FOB Shanghai or Ningbo, CIF, DDP by agreement |
Applications of P355GH forgings
P355GH is used for pressure boundary components operating at moderate temperature where good weldability is required. Common applications include:
- Boilers and steam drums: headers, manway frames and nozzle necks operating below 400 °C.
- Pressure vessels and reactors: girth flanges, channel covers and self reinforced nozzles on equipment built to PED 2014/68/EU.
- Shell and tube heat exchangers: tubesheets, shell flanges and floating head covers.
- Petrochemical and refinery piping: long weld neck flanges, forged fittings and valve bodies in hot hydrocarbon service.
- Power generation: feedwater heaters, deaerators and auxiliary pressure parts.
- Industrial gas and chemical plant: vessel closures, blind covers and forged shells.
For design temperatures above about 400 °C, 16Mo3 (1.5415) or a chromium molybdenum grade such as 13CrMo4-5 is normally specified. For service well below −20 °C, a fine grain normalized grade such as P355NL1 or an impact tested low temperature carbon steel is used. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. forges all of these grades.
Frequently asked questions about P355GH
What is P355GH steel?
P355GH, EN material number 1.0473, is a weldable non-alloy quality steel for pressure purposes with specified elevated temperature properties. It is defined in EN 10028-2 for flat products and in EN 10273 for hot rolled bars. The normal delivery condition is normalized (+N) and the minimum yield strength is 355 MPa in sections up to 16 mm. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. supplies this grade as open-die forgings.
What is the chemical composition of P355GH?
To EN 10028-2, P355GH contains 0.10 to 0.22 percent carbon and 1.10 to 1.70 percent manganese, with maximum 0.60 percent silicon, maximum 0.025 percent phosphorus, maximum 0.015 percent sulphur, maximum 0.30 percent chromium, maximum 0.30 percent nickel, maximum 0.30 percent copper, maximum 0.08 percent molybdenum, maximum 0.02 percent vanadium, maximum 0.020 percent niobium, maximum 0.03 percent titanium, maximum 0.012 percent nitrogen and maximum 0.020 percent aluminium. The sum of Cr plus Cu plus Mo plus Ni must stay below 0.70 percent.
What is the yield strength of P355GH?
The minimum yield strength ReH of P355GH in the normalized condition reduces with section thickness: 355 MPa up to 16 mm, 345 MPa from 16 to 40 mm, 335 MPa from 40 to 60 mm, 315 MPa from 60 to 100 mm, 295 MPa from 100 to 150 mm and 280 MPa from 150 to 250 mm. Design stress should be checked against the governing thickness of the finished forging rather than the 355 MPa figure.
What is the ASTM equivalent of P355GH?
The nearest ASTM plate equivalents to P355GH are A516 Grade 70, A414 Grade G and A537 Class 1. For forged components, buyers normally cross reference P355GH to ASTM A266 Class 2 or Class 4, or to ASTM A105 for smaller flanges. All cross references are approximate because chemistry ranges, thickness limits and impact requirements differ, so the design code authority should accept the substitution in writing before it is used.
Can P355GH be supplied as forgings, not just plate?
Yes. P355GH is defined for flat products in EN 10028-2 and for bars in EN 10273, and the forging standard EN 10222-2 covers grades only up to P305GH. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. therefore supplies P355GH forgings to EN 10028-2 chemistry with forging specific normalizing and test prolongation sampling, and where a project requires it with dual certification against EN 10222-2 P305GH or ASTM A266. The route should be confirmed with the notified body or design authority at enquiry stage.
What is the maximum service temperature of P355GH?
P355GH is normally applied up to about 400 degrees Celsius. Above roughly 400 to 450 degrees Celsius, graphitization and creep limit its use and a molybdenum bearing grade such as 16Mo3 (1.5415) or a chromium molybdenum grade such as 13CrMo4-5 is specified instead. Design values for 0.2 percent proof strength at elevated temperature are given in EN 10028-2 Table 4 and are supplied with the quotation on request.
Is P355GH weldable?
Yes. P355GH has a carbon equivalent low enough for conventional arc welding processes. Preheat of about 100 to 150 degrees Celsius is normal for heavy forged sections, and post weld heat treatment is applied according to the construction code. Simulated post weld heat treatment testing can be added to the order when post PWHT properties need to be certified.
What certificates come with P355GH forgings?
Every P355GH forging from Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is supplied with an EN 10204 3.1 inspection certificate covering heat analysis, product analysis on request, heat treatment records, tensile and Charpy impact results and a dimensional report. EN 10204 3.2 certification witnessed by TUV, SGS, BV, DNV, Lloyds Register or the customer inspector is available on request, together with ultrasonic testing to EN 10228-3, magnetic particle testing to EN 10228-1, hardness survey and PMI.
What sizes and weights of P355GH forgings can you make?
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. produces P355GH open-die forgings from 10 kg to 15,000 kg per piece, with diameters from 100 mm to 6,000 mm and lengths from 100 mm to 12,000 mm. Seamless rolled rings are produced on 3 metre and 6 metre ring rolling mills. Minimum order quantity is one piece and normal lead time is 25 to 45 days depending on weight, heat treatment and testing scope.
How do I request a quotation for P355GH forgings?
Send a drawing or the rough dimensions, the required delivery condition, the governing design code, the testing and certification scope and the quantity to sales@steelforgepieces.com, or call +86 189 2135 9659. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is located at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China and answers technical enquiries within one working day.
Request a quotation
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, China.
Contact
- Company
- Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.
- Factory address
- No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town,
Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China - Telephone and WhatsApp
- +86 189 2135 9659
- sales@steelforgepieces.com
- Website
- www.steelforgepieces.com
Information required for a quotation
- Drawing, sketch or rough dimensions with machining allowance
- Quantity, and whether the item is a one off or a repeat order
- Delivery condition: as forged, +N, +NT or +QT
- Governing code: PED, ASME Section VIII, GB or customer specification
- Testing scope: UT class, impact temperature, HIC, Z direction
- Certificate type: EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2, and the third party if applicable