X12CrNi23-13 (1.4833) Forgings: Rings, Flanges, Shafts and Discs

Austenitic heat-resisting chromium-nickel steel to EN 10095, also written 1.4833 and X12CrNi23.13, cross-referenced to 309S. Open-die forged to drawing by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.

Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., open-die forging factory, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China. Data reviewed 9 October 2026.

What X12CrNi23-13 is

X12CrNi23-13, material number 1.4833, is an austenitic chromium-nickel heat-resisting steel listed in EN 10095. The 22 to 24 percent chromium forms an adherent oxide scale, so the steel is resistant in air up to 1000 C, which is its highest application temperature. The 12 to 14 percent nickel holds the structure austenitic and keeps the steel tough. Where parts carry mechanical load at temperature, creep governs and the working limit drops to around 700 C.

Three service limits are worth checking before you specify it. Resistance to sulfurous gases is low, in both reducing and oxidising conditions. Resistance to nitrogenous and oxygen-deficient gases and to carburisation is medium rather than high. And, in common with the 23 Cr austenitics, long holds in the sigma-phase range reduce impact toughness, so cyclic furnace duty needs thought. Where any of these dominate, we quote alternatives such as Incoloy 800H or Inconel 601 instead.

On the plus side the grade welds by all common methods, which is one reason it is a standard choice in industrial furnace construction. We melt it by EAF plus VOD, with ESR remelting available where a cleaner ingot is wanted for heavy sections or rotating parts.

Chemical composition

Elements outside the table are not added intentionally without the purchaser's agreement, other than for finishing the cast. Tighter internal limits, for example restricted carbon for dual 309S certification, are applied at the melting stage on request.

Mechanical properties

For bars and sections up to 35 mm thickness with final cold deformation, EN 10095 allows the maximum hardness to rise by 100 HB or the maximum tensile strength to rise by 200 N/mm2, with minimum elongation reduced to 20 %. For rods, only the tensile strength values apply. Hardness figures are for guidance.

Physical data and temperature limits

Creep limit and creep rupture curves for design calculation are available on request with the enquiry. Always confirm allowable stresses against the design code governing your equipment.

Equivalent grades

Check the carbon limit before substituting. EN 1.4833 permits up to 0.15 % carbon, while 309S to ASTM A240, A276 and A480 is the low-carbon version held near 0.08 %. The higher carbon helps strength at temperature but raises sensitisation risk in welded assemblies. If your specification calls for dual 1.4833 and 309S certification, say so at enquiry stage so carbon is controlled in the melt rather than discovered on the mill certificate.

Forged products in X12CrNi23-13

Where it is used

The grade earns its place where oxidation resistance at red heat matters more than ambient corrosion performance. Industrial furnace construction is the main field: annealing covers and boxes, burner grids, furnace doors and fans, muffles and retorts, salt pots, recuperators and walking beams. In refining and chemical plant it is used for catalytic recovery systems and recuperator internals. Pulp and paper users specify it for digesters, liquor tanks and paper machine parts, and waste treatment plants for thermal oxidiser internals. It also appears in food processing equipment, power generation and compressor hardware, shipbuilding and general heavy machinery.

Manufacturing route, testing and certificates

The standard route runs from EAF plus VOD melting, with optional ESR remelting, through open-die forging or ring rolling, then solution annealing in the region of 1050 to 1150 C with water or air cooling, then rough or finish machining to drawing. Solution annealing after forging is not optional for this grade, since it dissolves grain boundary carbides formed during hot work and restores the austenitic structure the alloy relies on.

Ultrasonic testing is carried out to EN 10228-3, SEP 1921 or ASTM A388, whichever your specification names. Material certificates are issued to EN 10204-3.1, or EN 10204-3.2 with third-party witness. Positive material identification, impact testing, intergranular corrosion testing and dimensional reports can be added to the test plan on the order.

Questions we are asked

Related grades

• A182-F309
• A182-F321
• A182-F347
• AISI 330
• Nitronic 60
• 904L
• Incoloy 800H
• Inconel 601
• Haynes 230