X22CrMoV12-1 (1.4923) Forgings: Bars, Seamless Rolled Rings, Discs and Turbine Components
Also written X22CrMoV12.1, X22CrMoV121, X 22 CrMoV 12-1 and X22CrMo 12-1. EN material number 1.4923. Last reviewed .
X22CrMoV12-1 (EN material number 1.4923) is a martensitic creep-resisting chromium steel containing 11.0–12.5 % Cr, 0.80–1.20 % Mo, 0.25–0.35 % V and 0.30–0.80 % Ni. The vanadium addition raises creep and creep-rupture strength. The steel is scaling-resistant and steam-resistant to about 600 °C and is the standard material for steam-turbine blades, high-temperature bolting and valve internals. It is specified in EN 10269, EN 10302, EN 10088-1 and DIN 17240.
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory in Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China. We forge X22CrMoV12-1 into round, square, flat and hex bars, hollow bars and sleeves, seamless rolled rings, gland seal rings, discs, blocks, shafts, wheels, impellers and valve bodies, bonnets, stems, seats and discs, supplied quenched and tempered with EN 10204 certification.
X22CrMoV12-1 / 1.4923 at a glance
- Designation
- X22CrMoV12-1
- EN material number
- 1.4923
- Steel type
- Martensitic creep-resisting (heat-resistant) chromium steel, 12 % Cr–1 % Mo–V
- Standards
- EN 10269, EN 10302, EN 10088-1, DIN 17240, AD 2000-W7, TRD 100 / TRD 106
- Max. scaling temperature
- approx. 600 °C
- Density
- 7.70 g/cm³
- Typical +QT properties
- Rp0.2 min 600 MPa, Rm 800–950 MPa, A min 14 %, Z min 40 %
- Hardness, soft annealed
- max. 302 HBW
- Magnetic
- Yes, ferromagnetic (tempered martensite)
- Forged forms supplied
- Bar, hollow bar, sleeve, seamless rolled ring, disc, block, plate, shaft, near-net shapes
- Forged by
- Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China
What is X22CrMoV12-1 (1.4923)?
X22CrMoV12-1 belongs to the family of 12 % chromium martensitic steels developed for service in the creep range. Chromium at 11.0–12.5 % gives scaling resistance and a fully martensitic structure on cooling. Molybdenum near 1 % provides solid-solution strengthening at temperature. Vanadium at 0.25–0.35 % forms fine carbides that resist coarsening, which is what holds up creep-rupture strength over long service lives. Nickel is held to 0.30–0.80 % to suppress delta ferrite and keep toughness.
In service the steel keeps its strength and its dimensions at 500–580 °C. It forges well, machines in the annealed condition, and heat treats to a predictable 800–950 MPa tensile range. European power plant design has used it for turbine blading and high-temperature bolting for decades.
It is not a corrosion-resistant steel in the sense that 304 or 316 is. The pitting resistance equivalent (PRE = %Cr + 3.3 × %Mo) works out at 13.6 to 16.5. That covers rural and urban atmospheres and steam, but not chloride or salt-bearing media.
Chemical composition of X22CrMoV12-1 (1.4923)
| Element | Min. % | Max. % |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | 0.18 | 0.24 |
| Silicon (Si) | – | 0.50 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.40 | 0.90 |
| Phosphorus (P) | – | 0.025 |
| Sulphur (S) | – | 0.015 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 11.00 | 12.50 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 0.80 | 1.20 |
| Nickel (Ni) | 0.30 | 0.80 |
| Vanadium (V) | 0.25 | 0.35 |
| Iron (Fe) | Balance | |
Elements not listed above are not deliberately added without the purchaser's agreement, other than for finishing the cast. Tighter internal limits are available on request. State them on the enquiry.
Mechanical properties
X22CrMoV12-1 is supplied quenched and tempered (+QT). Tempering temperature sets the strength level, so the grade is ordered against a named QT class rather than one fixed property set.
| Condition | Rp0.2 MPa |
Rm MPa |
A % |
Z % |
KV, ISO-V +20 °C, J |
Hardness |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| +QT (EN 10269 / EN 10302) | min 600 | 800–950 | min 14 | min 40 | min 27 | – |
| +QT900 (higher strength, by agreement) | min 700 | 900–1050 | min 11 | – | by agreement | – |
| +A (soft annealed, for machining) | – | – | – | – | – | max. 302 HBW |
Values are the standard minima for the quoted conditions. In the +QT 800–950 MPa condition our forgings normally return ISO-V impact energy of 50 J or more at +20 °C. If you need a higher guaranteed minimum, state it on the enquiry and we will test and certify to it. Properties are verified on test pieces taken in the position and direction agreed at order.
Elevated-temperature and creep data
Design values for 0.2 % proof strength at temperature and for 10 000 h and 100 000 h creep-rupture strength are given in EN 10302 and EN 10269. These values depend on section size and on the edition of the standard, so we issue them against your order rather than publishing one table here. Ask for the elevated-temperature data sheet and state the standard edition your drawing calls out.
Physical properties
| Property | Value | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 7.70 g/cm³ | Standard value for the grade |
| Scaling resistance in air | to approx. 600 °C | Standard value for the grade |
| Structure | Tempered martensite | Standard value for the grade |
| Magnetic response | Ferromagnetic | Standard value for the grade |
| Modulus of elasticity at 20 °C | approx. 216 GPa | Typical for 12 % Cr martensitic steels |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion, 20–100 °C | approx. 10.8 × 10-6 K-1 | Typical for 12 % Cr martensitic steels |
| Thermal conductivity at 20 °C | approx. 24 W/(m·K) | Typical for 12 % Cr martensitic steels |
| Specific heat capacity at 20 °C | approx. 460 J/(kg·K) | Typical for 12 % Cr martensitic steels |
| Electrical resistivity at 20 °C | approx. 0.60 Ω·mm²/m | Typical for 12 % Cr martensitic steels |
Rows marked "typical" are indicative design figures for this steel class, not guaranteed acceptance values. Guaranteed values are those stated on the material certificate for your heat.
Heat treatment, forging and welding practice
| Operation | Temperature | Cooling and notes |
|---|---|---|
| Heating for forging | slowly to 1150–1180 °C | Even soak. Avoid rapid heating of heavy sections |
| Forging | 1180 °C down to finish min 950 °C | Cool slowly in furnace or dry ash. Mandatory |
| Soft annealing (+A) | 750–800 °C | Furnace cool. Gives max. 302 HBW for machining |
| Hardening / austenitising | 1020–1070 °C | Quench in air, oil or polymer |
| Tempering | 640–740 °C | Air cool. Temperature selected for the required strength class |
| Stress relieving | 600–680 °C | Slow or air cool |
| Welding preheat and interpass | preheat 400–450 °C, interpass 400–500 °C | Matching 12 % Cr filler. Qualified procedure required |
| Post-weld heat treatment | 740–780 °C, min. 4 h | First cool joint to 100–150 °C so transformation completes, then PWHT and cool slowly |
Two points that cause most of the trouble with this grade.
1. Do not still-air cool a heavy forging. X22CrMoV12-1 is air-hardening. A large section left in still air after forging transforms to untempered martensite and will crack. Slow cool it in a furnace or in dry ash, then heat treat.
2. Temper straight after hardening. Put the component into the tempering furnace as soon as the quench is finished. Leaving hardened 1.4923 untempered overnight is a common cause of delayed cracking.
Corrosion resistance and service limits
Chromium sits at the lower end of the stainless range and there is no nitrogen addition, so the pitting resistance equivalent is low: PRE 13.6 to 16.5 across the specified composition range. In service terms:
- Suitable: rural and urban atmospheres, dry industrial environments, water vapour and steam. 1.4923 is steam-resistant, which is the point of the grade.
- Suitable: oxidising service in air to approximately 600 °C without heavy scaling.
- Not suitable: marine or coastal atmospheres, chloride-bearing process fluids, salt spray, or any service where pitting or stress-corrosion cracking is a design concern.
- Above 600 °C: use X10CrMoVNb9-1 (P91), an austenitic grade, or a nickel alloy such as Inconel 718 or Nimonic 80A.
Grade equivalents and cross-references
| System | Designation | Relationship |
|---|---|---|
| EN / Werkstoff-Nr. | X22CrMoV12-1, 1.4923 | Primary designation |
| DIN (Germany) | X22CrMoV12-1 (DIN 17240) | Same grade |
| AFNOR (France) | Z21CDV12 | Nearest national grade |
| CSN (Czech) | 17 134 | Nearest national grade |
| AISI / UNS (USA) | AISI 422, UNS S42200, ASTM A565 Gr. 616 | Nearest only. AISI 422 also carries about 1 % tungsten |
| GB/T (China) | No exact equivalent | Domestic Cr12 creep grades differ in W and Ni content |
| JIS / BS / UNS | Not formally assigned | Order to the EN designation |
| Closest EN siblings | X20CrMoV12-1 (1.4922), X21CrMoV12-1 (1.4926), X20CrMoWV12-1 (1.4935) | 1.4922 overlaps and is frequently dual-certified with 1.4923 |
Cross-references are for material selection, not substitution. None of the grades above is a drop-in replacement for X22CrMoV12-1. Order against the exact designation and standard edition printed on your drawing. Tell us if dual certification to 1.4922 / 1.4923 is acceptable, because it widens material availability and usually shortens lead time.
X22CrMoV12-1 forged forms and size range
All items below are open-die forged from ingot or billet at our Jiangyin works, heat treated in house and supplied rough-machined, proof-machined or finish-machined to drawing.
| Form | Typical size range | Typical use |
|---|---|---|
| Round, square, flat and hex bar | Ø 80–1,200 mm, length to 6,000 mm | Bolting stock, stem and spindle blanks, machining stock |
| Hollow bar, sleeve, bush, cylinder, casing | OD 150–1,500 mm, ID from 80 mm | Bushings, barrels, housings, hubs, shells |
| Seamless rolled ring, gland seal and sealing guide ring | OD 200–4,000 mm, height to 1,000 mm | Turbine gland seal rings, guide rings, flanged rings |
| Disc, block, plate, wheel, hub | thickness 50–800 mm, OD to 3,000 mm | Turbine wheels, valve discs, blade-root blocks |
| Shaft, rotor shaft, stepped shaft | Ø to 1,200 mm, length to 6,000 mm | Rotor and compressor shafts |
| Near-net forged components | To drawing | Valve bodies and bonnets, stems, seats, discs, blade and impeller preforms |
| Single-piece weight | 20 kg to 15,000 kg | – |
Delivery conditions: forged and annealed, normalised and tempered, or quenched and tempered (+QT). Surface: as-forged or descaled, ground, rough-machined or finish-machined to drawing.
Applications of X22CrMoV12-1 forgings
Steam turbines
Blades and blade roots, diaphragms, gland seal and sealing guide rings, rotor shafts, wheels, casing components running to about 580 °C.
Valves and flow control
Gate, globe, check and control valve bodies and bonnets, stems, spindles, seats and discs for high-temperature steam service.
High-temperature bolting
Bolts, studs, nuts and fasteners covered by EN 10269 for flanged joints in steam and pressure systems.
Compressors and rotating equipment
Impellers, wheels, spacers, sleeves and shafts that need creep strength and dimensional stability at temperature.
Boilers and pressure equipment
Pressure and steam boiler parts, covered by AD 2000-W7 and TRD 100 / TRD 106 for German pressure-equipment practice.
Aerospace and reactor engineering
Structural and rotating parts that need fatigue strength together with elevated-temperature stability.
Quality, testing and certification
- Chemical analysis. Ladle and product analysis by optical emission spectrometry.
- Mechanical testing. Tensile (Rp0.2, Rm, A, Z) and ISO-V impact at +20 °C or at an agreed temperature. Test-piece location and orientation to your specification.
- Hardness. Brinell survey on each heat-treatment batch.
- Ultrasonic testing. To EN 10228-3, ASTM A388 or SEP 1921, quality class as ordered.
- Surface NDT. Magnetic particle (EN 10228-1) or dye penetrant inspection.
- Metallography. Grain size, macro-etch and microstructure on request.
- Certification. EN 10204 type 3.1 as standard. Type 3.2 with third-party witness (TUV, BV, SGS, LR, DNV) on request.
How to request a quotation
Send a drawing. If you do not have one, these five items are enough for a firm price:
- Grade and standard edition, for example X22CrMoV12-1 to EN 10269, and whether dual certification to 1.4922 is acceptable.
- Form and finished dimensions, plus the machining allowance you want us to leave.
- Quantity and required delivery date.
- Delivery condition and required strength class: +QT 800–950 MPa, +QT900, or a stated Rp0.2.
- Testing and certification required: UT class, impact temperature and minimum energy, EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2.
Email your enquiry to sales@steelforgepieces.com
Frequently asked questions about X22CrMoV12-1 (1.4923)
What is X22CrMoV12-1 (1.4923) steel?
X22CrMoV12-1, EN material number 1.4923, is a martensitic creep-resisting chromium steel containing 11.0–12.5 % chromium, 0.80–1.20 % molybdenum, 0.25–0.35 % vanadium and 0.30–0.80 % nickel. The vanadium raises creep and creep-rupture strength. It is listed in EN 10269, EN 10302, EN 10088-1 and DIN 17240 and is the standard grade for steam-turbine components and high-temperature bolting.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1.4923?
X22CrMoV12-1 is scaling-resistant to approximately 600 °C. In practice it runs continuously at 550–580 °C, where its creep-rupture strength is still useful. Above roughly 600 °C, use a 9 % Cr grade such as X10CrMoVNb9-1 (P91), an austenitic steel, or a nickel alloy.
What is the difference between X22CrMoV12-1 (1.4923) and X20CrMoV12-1 (1.4922)?
The two grades differ mainly in carbon: 1.4922 is specified at 0.17–0.23 % C and 1.4923 at 0.18–0.24 % C, with very similar chromium, molybdenum, vanadium and nickel ranges. The ranges overlap, so one heat often satisfies both, and mill certificates frequently show dual certification to 1.4922 / 1.4923. They are still not automatically interchangeable. Check the exact standard and edition called out on your drawing.
Is X22CrMoV12-1 a stainless steel?
It is listed in EN 10088-1 as a stainless steel because chromium exceeds 10.5 %, but its corrosion resistance is limited. The pitting resistance equivalent is only 13.6 to 16.5. It handles rural and urban atmospheres and resists steam, but it is not suitable for chloride or salt-bearing environments. It is better described as a heat-resistant creep-resisting steel than as a corrosion-resistant one.
What is the ASTM or AISI equivalent of X22CrMoV12-1?
There is no exact ASTM or AISI equivalent. The nearest American grade is AISI 422 / UNS S42200 (ASTM A565 Grade 616), which has a similar 12 % Cr–1 % Mo–V base but also carries about 1 % tungsten that X22CrMoV12-1 does not. Use AISI 422 as a cross-reference for material selection, not as a drop-in substitute. In France, Z21CDV12 is the nearest AFNOR designation. No exact GB/T Chinese equivalent exists.
What heat treatment is applied to X22CrMoV12-1 forgings?
Quench and temper. Austenitise at 1020–1070 °C and quench in air, oil or polymer, then temper at 640–740 °C and air cool. The tempering temperature sets the strength level. Temper as soon as possible after hardening to avoid delayed cracking. Stress relieving runs at 600–680 °C. Soft annealing at 750–800 °C with furnace cooling gives a machinable condition of maximum 302 HBW.
Can X22CrMoV12-1 be forged, and at what temperature?
Yes. Heat slowly and evenly to 1150–1180 °C, forge between 1180 °C and a finishing temperature of about 950 °C, then cool slowly in a furnace or in dry ash. Slow cooling is not optional. 1.4923 is air-hardening, so still-air cooling of a heavy section produces untempered martensite and a high risk of cracking. A full quench-and-temper cycle follows the forging operation.
Can X22CrMoV12-1 be welded?
Yes, with strict precautions. Preheat to 400–450 °C and hold an interpass temperature of 400–500 °C. After welding, cool the joint to 100–150 °C so the martensite transformation completes, then apply post-weld heat treatment of at least 4 hours at 740–780 °C and cool slowly. Matching 12 % Cr filler is normal. The welding procedure must be qualified for the component.
What components are made from X22CrMoV12-1?
Steam-turbine blades and blade roots, diaphragms, gland seal and sealing guide rings, rotor shafts and wheels, compressor impellers, high-temperature bolts, studs and nuts, and valve bodies, bonnets, stems, spindles, seats and discs. It also goes into pressure and steam boiler parts and into aerospace and reactor engineering.
What is the minimum order and the lead time?
Open-die forging is a single-piece process, so there is no fixed minimum quantity. One-off prototypes and repair parts are routine work for us. Lead time depends on material availability and on the heat-treatment and testing scope. Send the drawing and we will confirm a date with the quotation.
Who supplies X22CrMoV12-1 open-die forgings?
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., an open-die forging factory at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China, forges X22CrMoV12-1 (1.4923) into bars, seamless rolled rings, discs, blocks, hollow bars, sleeves, shafts and near-net turbine and valve components, supplied with EN 10204 certification. Enquiries: sales@steelforgepieces.com or +86-189-2135-9659.
Datasheet summary
X22CrMoV12-1 = EN 1.4923. 11.0-12.5 Cr, 0.80-1.20 Mo, 0.25-0.35 V, 0.18-0.24 C. +QT: Rp0.2 min 600 MPa, Rm 800-950 MPa, A min 14 %. Scaling-resistant to approx. 600 C. Forged by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., sales@steelforgepieces.com
"X22CrMoV12-1 (1.4923) Forgings: Bars, Seamless Rolled Rings, Discs and Turbine Components." Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China. Reviewed 19 September 2026. steelforgepieces.com/Alloy-Steel/X22CrMoV12-1.html
Request X22CrMoV12-1 (1.4923) forgings
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory in Jiangyin, Jiangsu, about two hours from Shanghai port. We forge carbon, alloy, tool and stainless steels and nickel alloys into bars, seamless rolled rings, discs, shafts, sleeves and near-net components, and ship worldwide.
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.Open-Die Forging Factory
No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China
Phone / WhatsApp / WeChat: +86-189-2135-9659
Email: sales@steelforgepieces.com
Web: www.steelforgepieces.com