10CrMo9-10 (1.7380) forgings The European 2.25 % chromium, 1 % molybdenum creep-resistant steel, forged to drawing as rings, discs, tube sheets, valve bodies, flanges and bar by an open-die forging factory in Jiangyin, China.
- EN designation
- 10CrMo9-10
- Material number
- 1.7380
- ASTM forging grade
- A182 F22
- Type
- 2.25Cr-1Mo
- Delivery condition
- +NT or +QT
Overview
10CrMo9-10, material number 1.7380, is a creep-resistant low-alloy steel with a nominal composition of 2.25 % chromium and 1 % molybdenum. It is specified in EN 10028-2 for plates, EN 10222-2 for forgings, EN 10216-2 for seamless tubes and EN 10273 for bars, and is used for pressure equipment operating at elevated temperature, commonly up to about 550 °C. The closest American equivalents are ASTM A182 F22, A336 F22, A387 Grade 22 and A335 P22.
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., an open-die forging factory at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China, forges this grade to drawing as seamless rolled rings, discs, tube sheets, valve bodies, flanges, nozzles, shafts and hollow bar. Material is supplied normalised and tempered or quenched and tempered, with an EN 10204 3.1 certificate. Enquiries: sales@steelforgepieces.com, +86-189-2135-9659.
10CrMo9-10 key facts
| Steel name | 10CrMo9-10, also written 10CrMo910 |
|---|---|
| Material number | 1.7380 |
| Steel family | Creep-resistant low-alloy chromium-molybdenum steel (2.25Cr-1Mo) |
| Nominal composition | 0.08 to 0.14 C, 2.00 to 2.50 Cr, 0.90 to 1.10 Mo (wt %) |
| Main European standards | EN 10028-2 plate, EN 10222-2 forgings, EN 10216-2 tube, EN 10273 bar |
| Nearest ASTM grades | A182 F22, A336 F22, A387 Gr.22, A335 P22, A213 T22, A234 WP22, A217 WC9 |
| Delivery condition | +NT normalised and tempered, or +QT quenched and tempered |
| Tensile strength Rm | 480 to 630 MPa (70 to 91 ksi) at t up to 60 mm |
| Yield strength ReH, min | 310 MPa (45 ksi) at t up to 16 mm |
| Elongation A, min | 22 % longitudinal, 20 % transverse |
| Impact KV at +20 °C | 40 J longitudinal, 27 to 31 J transverse |
| Typical service temperature | Up to about 550 °C, limited by the design code and by API 941 in hydrogen service |
| Weldability | Weldable with preheat and post-weld heat treatment |
| Typical uses | Hydroprocessing reactors, boiler headers, steam piping, heat exchangers, high-temperature valves |
| Forged forms supplied | Rolled rings, sleeves, cylinders, shells, discs, tube sheets, valve bodies, flanges, nozzles, shafts, bar |
| Certification | EN 10204 3.1 as standard, 3.2 with third party witness on request |
| Manufacturer | Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China |
What 10CrMo9-10 is
10CrMo9-10 is a creep-resistant low-alloy steel with a nominal composition of 2.25 % chromium and 1 % molybdenum. It is used in pressure equipment operating above the temperature range where carbon steel retains adequate strength, in practice above about 400 °C.
Molybdenum forms stable carbides that resist coarsening at temperature, which maintains creep rupture strength over long service periods. Chromium improves resistance to scaling and steam oxidation. The two elements together bind carbon and reduce susceptibility to high-temperature hydrogen attack, which is the reason the grade sits high on the Nelson curve in API 941 and is specified for hydroprocessing service.
Carbon content is held low to preserve weldability and to limit hardness in the heat-affected zone. Room-temperature strength is therefore moderate by comparison with a quenched and tempered 42CrMo4. The grade is selected for elevated-temperature performance, not for ambient strength.
Standards that cover 10CrMo9-10
The grade appears in a separate European standard for each product form, and acceptance values differ between them. Ordering a forging against a plate standard is a frequent cause of certificate rejection.
| Standard | Product form | Scope |
|---|---|---|
| EN 10028-2 | Plate and sheet | Flat products for pressure purposes, creep-resisting steels |
| EN 10222-2 | Forgings | Steel forgings for pressure purposes, ferritic and martensitic steels with elevated-temperature properties |
| EN 10216-2 | Seamless tube | Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes, elevated-temperature grades |
| EN 10273 | Hot-rolled bar | Weldable bars for pressure purposes with specified elevated-temperature properties |
| DIN 17175, DIN 17243 | Tube, forgings | Superseded German standards still quoted on legacy drawings |
10CrMo9-10 equivalent grades worldwide
The grades listed below are the nearest known equivalents. They share the 2.25Cr-1Mo base composition but differ in permitted residual elements, testing requirements and acceptance limits. They should be used as cross-references for enquiry purposes, not as direct substitutes.
| Country or system | Standard | Designation | Product form |
|---|---|---|---|
| Europe | EN 10028-2, 10222-2, 10216-2 | 10CrMo9-10 | Plate, forging, tube |
| Europe | Material number | 1.7380 | All |
| USA | ASTM / ASME A182 | F22 Class 1 and Class 3 | Forged flanges, fittings, valves |
| USA | ASTM / ASME A336 | F22, F22a, F22V | Forgings for pressure and high-temperature parts |
| USA | ASTM / ASME A387 | Grade 22 Class 1 and Class 2 | Pressure vessel plate |
| USA | ASTM / ASME A542 | Grade D | Quenched and tempered plate |
| USA | ASTM / ASME A335 | P22 | Seamless pipe |
| USA | ASTM / ASME A213 | T22 | Boiler and superheater tube |
| USA | ASTM / ASME A234 | WP22 | Wrought fittings |
| USA | ASTM A217 | WC9 | Castings |
| Germany | DIN 17175, DIN 17243 | 10CrMo9-10 (1.7380) | Tube, forgings |
| United Kingdom | BS 3604, BS 1501 | 622, 1501-622 Gr.31 | Pipe, plate |
| France | AFNOR NF | 10CD9-10, 12CD9-10 | Plate, tube |
| Italy | UNI | 12CrMo9-10 | Plate, tube |
| Japan | JIS G4109, G3203, G3458 | SCMV4, SFVAF22A, STPA24 | Plate, forging, pipe |
| China | GB/T 713, GB 5310, NB/T 47008 | 12Cr2Mo1R, 12Cr2Mo1G, 12Cr2Mo1 | Plate, pipe, forging |
| Russia | GOST | 10Kh2M, 12Kh2M1 | Plate, forging |
Chemical composition of 10CrMo9-10
Ladle analysis in weight per cent to EN 10028-2. Product analysis tolerances follow the same standard.
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | N | Cu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.08 to 0.14 | max 0.50 | 0.40 to 0.80 | max 0.020 | max 0.010 | 2.00 to 2.50 | 0.90 to 1.10 | max 0.012 | max 0.30 |
Mechanical properties of 10CrMo9-10
Room-temperature values in the normalised and tempered (+NT) condition. Strength decreases as section thickness increases, because heavier sections cool more slowly through transformation.
Tensile strength
| Nominal thickness | up to 60 mm | 60 to 100 mm | 100 to 150 mm | 150 to 250 mm |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rm (MPa) | 480 to 630 | 470 to 620 | 460 to 610 | 450 to 600 |
| Rm (ksi)converted | 70 to 91 | 68 to 90 | 67 to 88 | 65 to 87 |
Yield and proof strength
| Nominal thickness | up to 16 mm | 16 to 40 mm | 40 to 60 mm | 60 to 100 mm | 100 to 150 mm | 150 to 250 mm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ReH min (MPa) | 310 | 300 | 290 | 280 | 260 | 250 |
| ReH min (ksi)converted | 45 | 44 | 42 | 41 | 38 | 36 |
| Rp0.2 min (MPa), +NT | 280 | 280 | 270 | – | – | – |
Ductility and toughness
| Property | Orientation | Test temperature | Minimum value |
|---|---|---|---|
| A, elongation at fracture | Longitudinal | Room temperature | 22 % |
| A, elongation at fracture | Transverse | Room temperature | 20 % |
| KV, impact energy | Longitudinal | +20 °C | 40 J |
| KV, impact energy | Transverse | +20 °C | 27 to 31 J |
Sub-zero impact testing, commonly at −29 °C for sour service or at the minimum design metal temperature for pressure vessels, is available as a supplementary requirement. It should be stated at enquiry stage, since it affects the planned heat treatment as well as the test programme.
Behaviour at elevated temperature
Three mechanisms govern the performance of the grade above 400 °C.
Creep strength
Molybdenum carbides resist coarsening, so rupture strength remains usable in the 500 to 550 °C range over design lifetimes of 100,000 hours and longer. Allowable stresses are taken from the design code, not from room-temperature data.
Hydrogen attack
The 2.25Cr-1Mo composition sits high on the Nelson curve of API 941. Refinery hydroprocessing reactors are therefore built from this grade rather than from carbon or 1Cr-0.5Mo steel.
Temper embrittlement
Prolonged exposure between roughly 350 and 550 °C can raise the ductile to brittle transition temperature. Reactor quality material controls this through residual element limits and step cooling tests.
Heat treatment of 10CrMo9-10
Typical cycles used in our furnaces. Exact temperatures for a given order are fixed in the manufacturing procedure and recorded on the certificate.
| Operation | Temperature | Cooling | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forging | 1150 to 1200 °C start, finish above 850 °C | Slow, covered | Break down the cast structure and close porosity |
| Normalising | 900 to 960 °C | Air | Refine grain and produce a uniform bainitic structure |
| Quenching, +QT route | 900 to 950 °C | Water, oil or polymer | Higher strength and toughness in heavy sections |
| Tempering | 680 to 750 °C | Air | Set final strength and toughness |
| Stress relief | 650 to 700 °C | Furnace, controlled rate | Relieve machining and welding stresses |
| Simulated PWHT | As specified by the fabricator | Controlled | Demonstrate that properties survive the vessel shop heat treatment |
Tempering is carried out at least 30 °C above the highest post-weld heat treatment temperature the component will later see. If the vessel fabricator applies PWHT at 705 °C, the forging cannot be tempered at 690 °C, because the certified properties would not survive fabrication. The fabricator PWHT plan should be supplied with the enquiry so that the tempering temperature can be set around it.
Welding and post-weld heat treatment
10CrMo9-10 is weldable by SMAW, GTAW, SAW and FCAW provided the thermal cycle is controlled. The steel air hardens, so an uncontrolled weld leaves a hard and crack-prone heat-affected zone.
| Parameter | Typical practice |
|---|---|
| Preheat | 200 to 250 °C, held throughout welding |
| Interpass temperature | Maximum about 350 °C |
| Consumables | Matching 2.25Cr-1Mo low hydrogen types: E9018-B3, ER90S-B3, EB3 flux and wire combinations |
| Hydrogen control | Baked electrodes, dry flux, moisture-controlled storage |
| Post-weld heat treatment | 690 to 730 °C, approximately 1 hour per 25 mm of thickness, minimum 1 hour |
| Cooling after PWHT | Controlled in the furnace to below about 300 °C |
Temper embrittlement control
For heavy-wall reactor components, buyers commonly cap two residual element indices in both the base metal and the weld metal.
- J-factor = (Si + Mn) × (P + Sn) × 104, with elements in weight per cent. Base metal limits normally fall between 100 and 180.
- X-bar = (10P + 5Sb + 4Sn + As) / 100, in parts per million. A common weld metal limit is 15 ppm.
Where these limits apply they must appear on the enquiry, because they constrain steelmaking practice and raw material selection before any forging is heated. Step cooling embrittlement testing to demonstrate retained toughness is available as a supplementary test.
Machining 10CrMo9-10
In the normalised and tempered condition the grade machines in a similar way to a medium-carbon low-alloy steel of comparable hardness. The bainitic structure is tougher than the hardness figure suggests, so tooling should be short and well supported, positive rake carbide inserts are preferred, and moderate cutting speed with a heavier feed gives better tool life than high speed with a light feed. Interrupted cuts cause rapid edge chipping.
Forgings are supplied black, rough machined to a stated allowance, or finish machined to drawing. Deep bore components such as valve bodies and hollow bars are produced by BTA boring to hold straightness over length.
Where 10CrMo9-10 is used
Refining and petrochemical
- Hydrotreater and hydrocracker reactor shells and nozzles
- Heavy-wall reactor flanges and closures
- Hot-wall piping and manifolds in hydrogen service
- Coke drum and reformer components
Power generation
- Boiler headers and steam drum parts
- Main and reheat steam piping components
- Superheater and reheater fittings
- Turbine casing and valve parts
Heat exchange
- Tube sheets, including clad and weld overlay tube sheets
- Channel covers and girth flanges
- Shell, channel and floating head components
- Feedwater heater parts
Valves and wellhead
- High-temperature valve bodies and bonnets
- Valve stems, closures and seat rings
- Wellhead connectors and hangers where F22 is specified
- Sour service components to NACE MR0175 where required
Forged shapes in 10CrMo9-10
All items are produced to customer drawing on open-die presses and ring-rolling mills.
| Group | Items |
|---|---|
| Rings and rolled rings | Seamless rolled rings, forged rings, sleeves, bushes and bushings, cylinders, casings, cases, shells, barrels, hubs, housings, hollow bars |
| Discs and plates | Forged discs and disks, tube sheets, tubesheets and tube plates, blind covers, channel covers, clad, cladded and weld overlay tube sheets |
| Heat exchanger parts | Front and rear stationary tube sheets, floating tube sheets, girth flanges, channels and shells, floating head covers |
| Valve components | Valve bodies and body blocks, bonnets, stems, closures, seat rings, gate and plug blanks |
| Flanges and nozzles | Girth flanges, cover flanges, long weld neck flanges, self reinforced FVC type nozzles, nozzle necks, blind flanges |
| Bars, blocks and shafts | Forged round bar, hollow bar, rectangular and square blocks, stepped shafts, spindles |
| Pipe and tubular | Forged pipe sections, tubing blanks, thick-wall tubular forgings |
Forging capability
| Form | Range |
|---|---|
| Seamless rolled rings | Outside diameter 200 to 4000 mm, wall 30 to 500 mm, height up to 1500 mm |
| Discs and tube sheets | Diameter up to 3500 mm, thickness up to 800 mm |
| Round bar and shafts | Diameter 80 to 1200 mm, length up to 8000 mm |
| Hollow bar and sleeves | Outside diameter 150 to 2000 mm, bore from 60 mm |
| Single piece weight | 50 kg to 25 tonnes |
| Forging ratio | Minimum 3:1 as standard, higher on request or where the standard requires it |
| Typical lead time | 20 to 45 days depending on size, testing scope and furnace loading |
Operations carried out in house include open-die forging, ring rolling, heat treatment in furnaces with documented temperature uniformity surveys, rough and finish machining including BTA deep boring, non-destructive examination and mechanical testing.
Testing and certification
Chemistry
- Heat analysis by spectrometer
- Product analysis on the forging
- Positive material identification on request
- Residual element reporting for J-factor and X-bar
Mechanical testing
- Tensile at room and elevated temperature
- Charpy V impact, including sub-zero
- Hardness survey, Brinell or Rockwell
- Step cooling embrittlement test on request
Non-destructive examination
- Ultrasonic testing to ASTM A388 or EN 10228-3
- Magnetic particle testing to ASTM E709 or A275
- Liquid penetrant testing
- Dimensional and visual inspection report
Documentation
- EN 10204 3.1 certificate as standard
- EN 10204 3.2 with TUV, BV, LR, DNV or SGS witness
- Heat treatment charts and furnace records
- Traceability from heat number to hard stamp
How to specify and order 10CrMo9-10 forgings
A quotation is normally issued within one working day once the following information is available.
- The product standard. EN 10222-2, ASTM A182 F22, ASTM A336 F22 or a client specification. Acceptance values differ between them.
- Shape and dimensions. A drawing, or the outside diameter, inside diameter, height or thickness, plus the machining allowance required on each face.
- Delivery condition. Normalised and tempered or quenched and tempered, and whether simulated PWHT cycles must be applied to the test material.
- Testing scope. Test piece location and orientation, impact test temperature, ultrasonic acceptance class, and any J-factor or step cooling requirement.
- Certification and marking. EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2, any third party witness, and the hard stamp or vibro etch marking required.
- Quantity and destination port. For the price basis and the packing plan.
Frequently asked questions about 10CrMo9-10
What is 10CrMo9-10 steel?
10CrMo9-10 is a creep-resistant low-alloy steel containing nominally 2.25 % chromium and 1 % molybdenum, with material number 1.7380. It is standardised in Europe for pressure equipment used at elevated temperature, as plate in EN 10028-2, forgings in EN 10222-2, seamless tube in EN 10216-2 and bar in EN 10273. The chromium and molybdenum give resistance to creep, oxidation and high-temperature hydrogen attack, and the grade is used for boiler headers, steam piping, heat exchangers and hydroprocessing reactors.
What is the ASTM equivalent of 10CrMo9-10?
The closest American equivalents are ASTM A182 Grade F22 and A336 Grade F22 for forgings, A387 Grade 22 and A542 Grade D for plate, A335 P22 for seamless pipe, A213 T22 for tube, A234 WP22 for wrought fittings and A217 WC9 for castings. All are 2.25Cr-1Mo steels. They are near equivalents rather than identical grades, so the ordering standard should always be named on the purchase order.
Is 10CrMo9-10 the same as 1.7380?
Yes. 10CrMo9-10 is the European name of the grade and 1.7380 is its material number in the same system. Both refer to one steel. The older German standards DIN 17175 and DIN 17243 used the same name, and it is often written without the hyphen as 10CrMo910.
What is the chemical composition of 10CrMo9-10?
To EN 10028-2: carbon 0.08 to 0.14 %, silicon max 0.50 %, manganese 0.40 to 0.80 %, phosphorus max 0.020 %, sulphur max 0.010 %, chromium 2.00 to 2.50 %, molybdenum 0.90 to 1.10 %, nitrogen max 0.012 % and copper max 0.30 %. Under EN 10216-2 for seamless tubes the manganese range is 0.30 to 0.70 %.
What are the mechanical properties of 10CrMo9-10?
In the normalised and tempered condition, tensile strength is 480 to 630 MPa for thicknesses up to 60 mm, falling to 450 to 600 MPa at 150 to 250 mm. Minimum yield strength ReH is 310 MPa up to 16 mm and 250 MPa at 150 to 250 mm. Minimum elongation is 22 % longitudinal and 20 % transverse. Charpy V impact energy at +20 °C is 40 J longitudinal and 27 to 31 J transverse.
What is the maximum service temperature of 10CrMo9-10?
The grade is normally used for long term service up to about 550 °C. In hydrogen service the limit comes from the Nelson curve in API 941 rather than from strength, and in the creep range it comes from the allowable stress tables of the design code, such as EN 13445 or ASME VIII. The design code governs in all cases.
How is 10CrMo9-10 heat treated?
The usual route is normalising at about 900 to 960 °C followed by air cooling, then tempering at about 680 to 750 °C. Heavier or higher strength sections are quenched and tempered instead: austenitise at about 900 to 950 °C, quench in water, oil or polymer, then temper at about 680 to 740 °C. Tempering is carried out at least 30 °C above the expected post-weld heat treatment temperature, so that later PWHT in the fabrication shop does not reduce the component below its certified values.
Can 10CrMo9-10 be welded?
Yes, with a controlled procedure. Typical practice is preheating to 200 to 250 °C, keeping interpass temperature below about 350 °C, using low hydrogen matching consumables such as E9018-B3 or ER90S-B3, and post-weld heat treating at 690 to 730 °C for approximately one hour per 25 mm of thickness. For reactor quality material, residual elements are also controlled through the J-factor and X-bar formulas to limit temper embrittlement. Every production joint should follow a WPS qualified to ASME IX or EN ISO 15614.
What is the difference between 10CrMo9-10 and 13CrMo4-5?
13CrMo4-5 (1.7335) is a 1Cr-0.5Mo steel and 10CrMo9-10 (1.7380) is a 2.25Cr-1Mo steel. The higher chromium and molybdenum content gives 10CrMo9-10 better creep strength, better oxidation resistance and better resistance to high-temperature hydrogen attack, so it is used at higher temperatures and higher hydrogen partial pressures. 13CrMo4-5 costs less and is easier to weld, and is used where the service duty allows it.
What forged shapes are available in 10CrMo9-10?
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. produces the grade as seamless rolled rings, sleeves, bushings, cylinders, casings, shells, barrels, hollow bars, hubs and housings; forged discs, tube sheets and tube plates including clad and weld overlay tube sheets; valve bodies, bonnets, stems, closures and seat rings; girth flanges, cover flanges, long weld neck nozzles, self reinforced FVC nozzles and channel covers; and forged shafts, blocks and round bar. All are made to customer drawing.
What certification is supplied with 10CrMo9-10 forgings?
Standard supply is an EN 10204 3.1 inspection certificate covering heat analysis, product analysis, the heat treatment record, mechanical test results and non-destructive examination. EN 10204 3.2 witnessed by TUV, Bureau Veritas, Lloyd's Register, DNV or SGS is available on request, together with ultrasonic testing to ASTM A388 or EN 10228-3, magnetic particle testing, hardness surveys and step cooling embrittlement testing for reactor quality material.
Who supplies 10CrMo9-10 forgings?
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China. It manufactures 10CrMo9-10 / 1.7380 / ASTM A182 F22 forgings to drawing and exports worldwide. Enquiries go to sales@steelforgepieces.com or +86-189-2135-9659.
About the manufacturer
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., open-die forging factory
Components are forged to customer drawing. The plant operates open-die presses, ring-rolling mills, heat treatment furnaces with documented temperature uniformity surveys, machining including BTA deep boring, and in-house mechanical testing and non-destructive examination. Production is concentrated on pressure equipment grades in carbon, alloy, tool and stainless steel and nickel alloys. Chromium-molybdenum steels such as 10CrMo9-10, 13CrMo4-5 and 42CrMo4 are among the grades produced most frequently.
Jiangyin is located in the Yangtze River delta, about two hours from Shanghai port, which keeps export lead times short for heavy single pieces.
- Company
- Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.
- Address
- No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China
- Telephone
- +86-189-2135-9659
- Website
- steelforgepieces.com
- Business
- Open-die forgings, seamless rolled rings, forged flanges, bars and tube sheets
Citing this page
This data sheet is maintained by the technical staff of Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. and was last reviewed on 8 September 2026. Suggested citation for use in a specification or report:
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. (2026). 10CrMo9-10 (1.7380) forgings: composition, mechanical properties and equivalents. Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China. https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Alloy-Steel/10CrMo9-10.html