Astroloy M / UNS N13017 Forging Parts: Turbine Discs, Rolled Rings, Shafts and Bars
Astroloy M (UNS N13017) is a nickel-based superalloy strengthened by the gamma-prime (γ′) phase. Nominal composition is 15 Cr, 17 Co, 5.25 Mo, 4.0 Al and 3.5 Ti, with nickel as balance. The combined aluminium and titanium content of about 7.5 wt % precipitates 40 to 45 vol % of ordered Ni3(Al,Ti). That is what lets the alloy hold useful load-bearing strength to roughly 870 °C (1600 °F), above both Waspaloy and Inconel 718. It is also why the alloy is one of the harder superalloys to forge. Astroloy M is supplied under AMS 5851, AMS 5852 and AMS 5882, and is metallurgically a reduced-cobalt modification of Udimet 700.
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an independent open-die forging factory in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, China. We produce Astroloy M / UNS N13017 forgings: turbine and compressor discs, seamless rolled rings, shafts, spacers, round bars, sleeves and near-net custom shapes. Melting is done on our own VIM and VIM-VAR furnaces. Material ships solution treated and four-step aged, with EN 10204 3.1 mill certification as standard and 3.2 third-party witness on request. Size limits for this grade are discs to Ø 1,100 mm, rolled rings to 1,400 mm OD, shafts to 3 m and single-piece weight to 2,000 kg. Send a drawing to sales@steelforgepieces.com or call +86-189-2135-9659 and you will have a quotation within 24 hours.
- UNS
- N13017
- Specifications
- AMS5851 / 5852 / 5882
- γ′ fraction
- 40–45vol %
- Al + Ti
- 7.5wt %
- Service temp
- 870°C max
- UTS, room temp
- 1275MPa min
- 0.2 % yield
- 965MPa min
- Density
- 7.91g/cm³
- Astroloy M
- UNS N13017
- Astroloy
- AMS 5851
- AMS 5852
- AMS 5882
- Udimet 700 modified
- γ′ 40–45 vol %
- VIM + VAR
- PM / HIP route
- Isothermal forging
What is Astroloy M?
Astroloy M is a nickel-based superalloy hardened by precipitation of the ordered γ′ phase, Ni3(Al,Ti). Its generic designation is UNS N13017. The alloy came out of the late 1950s as a derivative of Udimet 700, with cobalt dropped from around 18.5 % to 17 % and the aluminium-to-titanium ratio adjusted, so that turbine disc forgings could run hotter. Both names are generic. Astroloy and Astroloy M refer to the same chemistry, and neither is a live trademark that restricts who can produce it.
In engineering terms the alloy is defined by its γ′ volume fraction of 40 to 45 %. Dislocations moving through the matrix have to cut through those coherent ordered particles or bow around them, so the more γ′ there is, and the more stable it stays with temperature, the longer the alloy keeps its strength. Astroloy M sits close to the practical ceiling for a forgeable alloy. Raise the Al + Ti content much further and the material can no longer be worked by conventional means, which is the line that separates wrought disc alloys from cast blade alloys.
Every processing difficulty with this grade traces back to the same γ′ content. It squeezes the hot-working window down to about 1080–1150 °C. It makes the alloy effectively non-weldable by fusion processes. And it cuts machinability to a small fraction of a free-cutting steel. So Astroloy M gets specified when the service temperature really calls for it, typically aero-engine and industrial gas turbine rotating parts running between 700 °C and 870 °C. It is rarely the right answer as a general-purpose corrosion alloy.
Ranked by γ′ content and temperature capability: Inconel 718 (around 15 % γ″ and γ′, to about 650 °C), then Waspaloy (20–25 % γ′, to about 760 °C), then Rene 41 (20–25 % γ′, to about 815 °C), then Astroloy M (40–45 % γ′, to about 870 °C), then Udimet 720 and the powder-metallurgy disc alloys. Forgeability and weldability run in the opposite direction.
Astroloy M designations and specifications
Astroloy M is bought almost entirely through SAE Aerospace Material Specifications and the generic UNS N13017 number. Unlike Inconel 718 or A286, this grade has no EN or DIN Werkstoff number and no JIS designation. European and Japanese buyers procure under the US callouts or under an OEM material specification. The table lists the full cross-reference, including several alloys that get described as equivalents when they are not.
| Body / country | Designation | Scope and notes |
|---|---|---|
| UNS (USA) | N13017 | Generic Unified Numbering System designation. The safest way to specify the alloy without using a trade name. |
| Common name | Astroloy · Astroloy M | Same chemistry. The "M" suffix appears in mill and stockist catalogues. It does not mark a separate alloy or specification. |
| SAE AMS | AMS 5851 | Nickel alloy bars, forgings and rings in Astroloy composition, powder-metallurgy product. |
| SAE AMS | AMS 5852 | Astroloy bar and forging stock. The usual commercial callout for wrought product. |
| SAE AMS | AMS 5882 | Astroloy forgings. The specification most often written on disc and ring drawings. |
| Predecessor alloy | Udimet 700 | Astroloy M is a reduced-cobalt modification of U-700. Chemistries are close but the two are not interchangeable on a drawing. |
| Europe (EN / DIN) | none assigned | No EN or DIN Werkstoff number exists. European procurement uses UNS N13017 with AMS 5882, or an OEM specification. |
| Japan (JIS) | none assigned | No JIS designation. Japanese buyers procure to the AMS callouts. |
| France (related) | N18 · NR3 | Powder-metallurgy disc alloys of the following generation. Not equivalents. Different chemistry and heat treatment. |
| Russia (related) | EP741NP | Russian PM disc alloy used in the same application space, but containing tungsten, niobium and hafnium. Not a substitute for UNS N13017. |
| Peer disc alloys | Rene 95 · IN-100 · MERL 76 · Udimet 720 | Alternative high-γ′ disc alloys with comparable service temperature but different processing routes and cost. |
Put the AMS number and the required melt route on the drawing together. Astroloy M is supplied in both wrought and powder-metallurgy form under closely numbered specifications, and an incomplete callout is the most common reason we have to go back and re-quote.
Designation lookup
Type any name, UNS number or AMS specification and see what it maps to.
Tool 1 of 6Covers Astroloy M and the alloys most often confused with it.
Astroloy M forged product forms
These are the Astroloy M / UNS N13017 open-die forged forms we produce. Everything ships rough-machined with agreed stock allowance unless finish machining is ordered, and every piece carries heat-number traceability from the melt through to the material test certificate.
Turbine and compressor discs
Radial grain flow from bore to rim, verified by macro-etch. The main application for this grade.
Ø 200 – 1,100 mmSeamless rolled rings
Rectangular, contoured and T-section rings, rolled on radial-axial mills.
OD up to 1,400 mmForged round bars
Cogged and drawn bar stock for machining into fasteners, stems and small rotating parts.
Ø 25 – 350 mmShafts and spindles
Stepped and plain shafts for high-temperature power transmission and turbine rotor assemblies.
up to 3 m lengthSpacers, seals and sleeves
Rotating seal rings, spacer rings and bushings for the hot section of gas turbines.
OD 100 – 900 mmForged blocks and blanks
Rectangular and stepped blanks for further machining where a near-net forging is not economical.
to 2,000 kgFlanges and hubs
Forged flanges and hub sections for hot-gas casings and high-temperature process connections.
Ø up to 1,000 mmNear-net custom forgings
Made to your drawing or 3D model. Blocker design and forging simulation available on request.
per drawingWelded fabrications, thin-wall pipe and tube, and pressure-vessel shells. The alloy is effectively non-weldable (see machining and welding), and below about 700 °C the cost is hard to justify. For welded high-temperature assemblies use Inconel 625, Inconel 617 or Haynes 230. For bolting and moderate-temperature rotating parts use Inconel 718 or A286. We would rather say this at quotation stage than sell you the wrong grade.
Astroloy M chemical composition (UNS N13017)
The composition below is given as ranges with typical aim values. Five numbers carry most of the weight: chromium for oxidation resistance, cobalt for γ′ solvus control, molybdenum for solid-solution and creep strength, and the aluminium and titanium pair that forms the γ′ precipitate. Boron and zirconium are present in fractions of a percent, and they are not optional. Both segregate to grain boundaries and they are what gives the alloy its creep-rupture life.
A number of supplier datasheets, including an earlier version of this page, publish the Astroloy M chemistry in a single column headed "Minimum (weight %)", listing Mo 5.0, Al 4.0, Ti 3.5, Co 17.0, Cr 15.0, C 0.04 and B 0.025. Those are nominal aim values, not minima. Read as minima they would require every heat to contain at least 17 % cobalt when the specification range starts at 15 %, and the carbon and boron limits stop making sense altogether. The ranges below are the correct reading. If you have written a purchase specification against the older figures, talk to our metallurgical team before you place the order.
| Element | Min | Max | Typical aim | Metallurgical role |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nickel (Ni) | Balance | about 56 | γ matrix, host for the γ′ precipitate | |
| Cobalt (Co) | 15.0 | 20.0 | 17.0 | Lowers the γ′ solvus and widens the forging window; lowers stacking-fault energy |
| Chromium (Cr) | 14.0 | 16.0 | 15.0 | Forms the protective Cr2O3 scale; hot-corrosion resistance |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 4.5 | 5.5 | 5.25 | Solid-solution strengthening of the matrix; creep resistance |
| Aluminium (Al) | 3.5 | 4.5 | 4.0 | Primary γ′ former (Ni3Al); also contributes to alumina scale formation |
| Titanium (Ti) | 3.3 | 3.7 | 3.5 | Co-former of γ′; raises the γ′ solvus and antiphase-boundary energy |
| Carbon (C) | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.04 | Forms MC and M23C6 carbides that pin grain boundaries |
| Boron (B) | 0.020 | 0.040 | 0.025 | Grain-boundary segregant; markedly improves stress-rupture life |
| Zirconium (Zr) | – | 0.10 | 0.06 | Grain-boundary strengthening, works together with boron |
| Iron (Fe) | – | 0.50 | below 0.30 | Residual from charge materials |
| Silicon (Si) | – | 0.20 | below 0.10 | Residual, controlled to protect oxidation resistance |
| Manganese (Mn) | – | 0.15 | below 0.05 | Residual |
| Sulfur (S) | – | 0.015 | below 0.005 | Impurity, embrittles grain boundaries, kept as low as the melt route allows |
| Al + Ti is about 7.5 wt %. That single number predicts both the γ′ volume fraction of 40 to 45 % and the alloy's poor weldability. Check limits against the revision of AMS 5851, 5852 or 5882 called out on your purchase order. Ranges differ slightly between specifications and between revisions. | ||||
With 4 % aluminium and 3.5 % titanium in the charge, Astroloy M cannot be air melted. Both elements oxidise readily. An EAF, AOD or VOD route produces alumina and titania inclusion stringers that fail ultrasonic acceptance at billet stage and act as fatigue-crack initiation sites in service. Every heat we supply is vacuum melted. See melting routes below.
Astroloy M mechanical properties at room temperature
These values apply to Astroloy M in the fully solution treated and four-step aged condition described under heat treatment. Solution treated only, the alloy is far softer, and we supply it that way when the customer intends to age it themselves after machining. Minimum values are the specification floor. Typical values are what correctly processed production material actually gives.
| Property | Minimum | Typical | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 1,275 MPa 185 ksi | about 1,400 MPa 203 ksi | Among the highest of the forgeable nickel superalloys |
| 0.2 % yield strength | 965 MPa 140 ksi | about 1,035 MPa 150 ksi | Yield to tensile ratio around 0.74, typical of high-γ′ alloys |
| Elongation (4D) | 10 % | 15 to 19 % | The property most sensitive to grain-boundary condition |
| Reduction of area | 12 % | 18 to 24 % | Report alongside elongation for disc forgings |
| Hardness | – | 36 to 42 HRC 340 to 390 HBW | Some procurement specifications cap this at 36 HRC max to protect machinability. State which applies |
| Modulus of elasticity | – | 213 GPa 30.9 × 106 psi | At 20 °C, falling to about 165 GPa at 760 °C |
| Stress rupture, 760 °C / 690 MPa | 23 h | 40 h and above | The defining acceptance test for disc material |
| Charpy V-notch, room temp | – | 20 to 30 J | Available on request, not a standard acceptance test for this grade |
Older Astroloy M datasheets quote hardness simply as 36 HRC max, alongside a 1,275 MPa minimum tensile strength. Those two numbers fight each other: 1,275 MPa in a nickel superalloy normally corresponds to roughly 39 to 40 HRC. Our reading is that 36 HRC max is a machinability-driven procurement cap written into some buyer specifications rather than a property of the fully aged alloy. If your drawing carries both requirements, tell us at enquiry stage. We will confirm which ageing variant satisfies both before we quote, not after we forge.
Strength retention at elevated temperature
High-temperature strength is the reason to buy this alloy at all. Inconel 718 has lost most of its useful strength by 700 °C. Astroloy M at 760 °C still develops roughly 1,105 MPa tensile and 930 MPa yield, close to 80 % of its room-temperature capability. The fall-off starts in earnest above about 815 °C as the γ′ precipitates coarsen and begin dissolving toward the solvus at 1140 to 1160 °C.
Strength vs service temperature
Drag the slider to read tensile, yield and elongation between 20 and 925 °C.
Tool 2 of 6- Temperature
- 20 °C
- Tensile
- 1400 MPa
- 0.2 % yield
- 1035 MPa
- Elongation
- 17 %
Safe design zoneFull design strength is available here. Typical parts: turbine and compressor discs, rotating seals, spacer rings.
| Temperature | UTS (MPa) | 0.2 % YS (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20 °C | 1,400 | 1,035 | 17 | Reference condition |
| 400 °C | 1,345 | 985 | 16 | Essentially no strength loss |
| 540 °C | 1,310 | 965 | 16 | Compressor rear-stage disc territory |
| 650 °C | 1,250 | 950 | 15 | Above the practical limit of Inconel 718 |
| 760 °C | 1,105 | 930 | 14 | Design limit for highly stressed rotating parts |
| 815 °C | 930 | 860 | 16 | γ′ coarsening becomes measurable |
| 870 °C | 705 | 620 | 21 | Practical maximum, lightly loaded or short-term service |
| 925 °C | 480 | 400 | 28 | Not a design condition, shown for context |
| Typical values for reference and screening. Design allowables must come from the applicable AMS specification, your OEM material handbook, or lot-specific testing. | ||||
Astroloy M physical properties
| Property | Value | Unit and condition |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 7.91 | g/cm³ (0.286 lb/in³) at 20 °C |
| Melting range | 1,290 to 1,345 | °C, solidus to liquidus |
| γ′ solvus | 1,140 to 1,160 | °C, governs the forging and solution window |
| Modulus of elasticity | 213 / 195 / 165 | GPa at 20 / 540 / 760 °C |
| Shear modulus | 82 | GPa at 20 °C |
| Poisson's ratio | 0.30 | at 20 °C |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion | 12.4 / 14.0 / 15.7 | ×10-6 per °C over 20–100 / 20–650 / 20–870 °C |
| Thermal conductivity | 11.0 / 21.5 | W/m·K at 20 / 760 °C |
| Specific heat capacity | 420 | J/kg·K at 20 °C |
| Electrical resistivity | 1.25 | µΩ·m at 20 °C |
| Magnetic response | Non-magnetic | Paramagnetic in all conditions |
| γ′ volume fraction | 40 to 45 | vol % after full ageing |
The γ′ solvus is the number worth remembering. It sets the boundary between sub-solvus solution treatment (fine grain, better low-cycle fatigue) and super-solvus solution treatment (coarse grain, better creep), and it is why the forging window closes at around 1,150 °C.
Melting routes, and why air melting is not an option
Astroloy M has to be vacuum melted. That is not a quality preference on our part, it follows from the chemistry. Aluminium at 4 % and titanium at 3.5 % are both strong oxide formers, and boron and zirconium sit at levels where a few hundred parts per million of pick-up changes how the grain boundaries behave in the finished forging. We offer three routes.
VIM + VAR
Vacuum induction melting of the master heat, cast to electrode, then vacuum arc remelted. This is the default for Astroloy M discs, rings and bars up to around 500 mm electrode diameter, and it gives the cleanliness needed for AMS 5852 and 5882 acceptance.
VIM + ESR + VAR
Triple melting, with an electroslag remelt inserted between the VIM and VAR steps. Used when the ingot diameter needed for a large disc or ring would otherwise risk freckling and macro-segregation during a single VAR.
Powder metallurgy
VIM master heat, argon gas atomisation, powder screening, then consolidation by hot isostatic pressing or hot extrusion, followed by isothermal forging. Macro-segregation disappears entirely and grain size is the finest available. Specified under AMS 5851.
An earlier version of this page stated that we melt Astroloy M by EAF + VOD − ESR. That was carried over from our carbon and stainless steel pages by mistake, and it has been corrected. Electric-arc and vacuum-oxygen-decarburisation practice is fine for stainless and alloy steels. Here, an air-melted first step would oxidise the aluminium and titanium before refining even started. Astroloy M comes off our VIM and VIM-VAR lines only. If you are holding a quotation or specification from us that references the old melt route, ask us to reissue it.
| Route | Typical specification | Best for | Relative cost | Lead time |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VIM + VAR | AMS 5852 / 5882 | Discs, rings, bars and shafts in normal sizes. The default choice | Baseline | 14 to 18 weeks |
| VIM + ESR + VAR | AMS 5882 plus customer spec | Large-section discs and rings where segregation control is critical | plus 15 to 25 % | 18 to 22 weeks |
| PM / HIP | AMS 5851 | Fine uniform grain, best low-cycle-fatigue life, near-net shapes | plus 40 to 70 % | 20 to 28 weeks |
| Air melt (EAF / AOD / VOD) | not offered | Not metallurgically valid for this alloy | – | – |
Astroloy M heat treatment, the four-step cycle
Astroloy M gets its properties from a four-step heat treatment, and each step has a distinct job. Cutting the cycle short to save furnace time does not simply cost a little strength. It changes which precipitates form and where they sit, and the effect on stress-rupture life is out of proportion to the time saved. The cycle below is the classic cast-and-wrought sequence.
Heat-treatment cycle
Select a phase of the curve to see what happens to the microstructure in that step.
Tool 3 of 6Each of the four holds does something the others cannot. Total furnace time is about 28 hours.
| Step | Temperature | Time | Cool | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1,149 °C / 2,100 °F | 4 h | Air cool | Super-solvus solution, dissolves primary γ′ and sets grain size |
| 2 | 1,079 °C / 1,975 °F | 4 h | Air cool | Stabilise, controls coarse secondary γ′ and grain-boundary morphology |
| 3 | 843 °C / 1,550 °F | 4 h | Air cool | Precipitates discrete M23C6 carbides along grain boundaries |
| 4 | 760 °C / 1,400 °F | 16 h | Air cool | Final age, fine tertiary γ′. This step sets room-temperature strength |
Powder-metallurgy variant
PM Astroloy M normally gets a sub-solvus solution at about 1,100 °C for 4 hours with a controlled cool of at least 100 °C per minute, then ageing at 760 °C for 8 hours and 650 °C for 24 hours. Sub-solvus treatment keeps the grain fine, which favours tensile strength and low-cycle-fatigue life at the expense of creep. That is the right trade for a disc bore. Super-solvus treatment coarsens the grain and favours creep and crack-growth resistance, which is the right trade for a disc rim. Dual-property discs exploit exactly this difference by heat treating bore and rim on different schedules.
In a 40 to 45 % γ′ alloy the size distribution of the secondary γ′ is fixed during the cool from solution temperature, not during the age. A slow-cooled heavy section and a fast-cooled thin section given identical ageing will not reach the same strength. For thick discs, state the required cooling rate or the section thickness on the order so we can pick quench medium and rack spacing to suit.
The Astroloy M forging window
Astroloy M has one of the narrowest hot-working windows of any commercial forging superalloy. The upper bound comes from incipient melting near 1,290 °C, and in practice from needing to stay where grain growth is still controllable. The lower bound comes from the sharp rise in flow stress as γ′ re-precipitates below about 1,010 °C. That leaves roughly 1,080 to 1,150 °C, and it has to hold across the whole section, not just at the surface.
Conventional open-die forging
- Pre-heat 1,120 °C, full section soaked to temperature
- Reheat every 2 to 3 blows, never work below 1,010 °C
- Strain rate held low, press work preferred over hammer
- Minimum 4:1 reduction for discs, 6:1 for bar stock
- Slow cool under insulation from finish temperature
- Suits discs, rings, shafts and bars in normal sizes
Isothermal and near-isothermal forging
- Dies heated to workpiece temperature, no chilling at the die face
- Strain rates of 0.001 to 0.01 per second, using superplastic flow
- Fine uniform grain and near-net shape in a single operation
- Needed for the most demanding aero-engine disc geometries
- Higher tooling cost, worth it at production quantities
- Available through our qualified partner press on a project basis
A carbon-steel ring might be forged in two heats. An Astroloy M ring of the same size can need six to eight reheats, each with a full soak. That is the main reason lead times here run 14 to 20 weeks instead of the 4 to 6 weeks we quote on common grades, and why we build the reheat cycles into the schedule rather than treating them as contingency.
Machining, welding and fabrication
Machining
Aged Astroloy M has a machinability rating of roughly 5 to 8 % of free-machining B1112 steel. It is noticeably harder to cut than Inconel 718 and sits among the most demanding of the wrought superalloys. It work-hardens fast, so the governing rule is simple: the tool must always be cutting below the previously work-hardened layer, never rubbing on it.
- Tooling: whisker-reinforced ceramic or coated carbide, PCBN for finishing
- Speed: 15 to 30 m/min with carbide, 150 to 250 m/min with whisker ceramic
- Feed: heavy and constant. Light feeds glaze the surface and destroy tool life
- Depth of cut: deeper than the previous pass's work-hardened layer, typically 0.5 mm or more
- Coolant: high-pressure through-tool flood, 70 bar or above where the machine allows
- Rigidity: shortest possible tool overhang, avoid interrupted cuts and dwelling
- Sequence: where tolerances allow, rough machine before ageing and finish after
Welding
On the classic superalloy weldability diagram, alloys are plotted by aluminium against titanium content, and the boundary between weldable and strain-age-cracking-prone material sits at roughly 6 wt % combined Al + Ti. Astroloy M sits at about 7.5 wt %, well inside the crack-prone region alongside Rene 41 and Udimet 720. During post-weld heat treatment, γ′ precipitates in the heat-affected zone at the same moment residual stress relaxes, and the two together open intergranular cracks.
Design Astroloy M parts as single-piece forgings. Where a joint cannot be avoided, the practical options are inertia or linear friction welding, or tightly controlled electron-beam welding, each followed by a full re-solution and re-age. Conventional GTAW repair of aged Astroloy M is a last resort that needs engineering approval and destructive qualification.
Non-destructive examination
Our standard NDE package is 100 % ultrasonic inspection to ASTM A388, with AMS 2154 or EN 10228-3 acceptance classes available on request, plus liquid-penetrant inspection to ASTM E1417. Macro-etch grain-flow inspection to ASTM E381 and grain-size verification to ASTM E112 are done on disc forgings. Sonic-shape UT before final machining is worth doing on discs and can be built into the routing at order stage.
Astroloy M compared with Waspaloy, Inconel 718, Rene 41 and Udimet 720
Picking between the wrought disc superalloys is a trade between temperature capability on one side and forgeability, weldability and cost on the other. The two move in opposite directions almost perfectly, and γ′ volume fraction is what drives both. Use the table to place your requirement, then the selector underneath to narrow it down.
| Property | Astroloy M | Waspaloy | Inconel 718 | Rene 41 | Udimet 720 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UNS number | N13017 | N07001 | N07718 | N07041 | N07720 |
| Strengthening phase | γ′ Ni3(Al,Ti) | γ′ | γ″ Ni3Nb plus γ′ | γ′ | γ′ |
| Al + Ti (wt %) | about 7.5 | about 4.5 | about 1.4 | about 4.7 | about 7.5 |
| γ′ volume fraction | 40 to 45 % | 20 to 25 % | about 15 % | 20 to 25 % | 42 to 45 % |
| UTS at room temp | 1,400 MPa | 1,275 MPa | 1,275 MPa | 1,400 MPa | 1,500 MPa |
| Max service temperature | about 870 °C | about 760 °C | about 650 °C | about 815 °C | about 760 °C |
| Forgeability | Very difficult | Moderate | Good | Difficult | Very difficult |
| Weldability | Poor, avoid | Fair | Good | Poor to fair | Poor, avoid |
| Machinability | Very poor | Poor | Poor | Very poor | Very poor |
| Relative cost (316L = 1) | about 12 | about 10 | about 8 | about 9 | about 14 |
| Best application | Hot-section discs and rings above 760 °C | Turbine discs, shafts, fasteners to 760 °C | Rotating parts, oil and gas, welded assemblies | Rings and structures at high temperature | Highest-strength discs, usually PM route |
| Typical published figures for screening. Cost multipliers are indicative material cost only, on the same baseline used across our alloy pages, and they move with the nickel and cobalt markets. | |||||
Alloy selector
Three questions. Tells you whether Astroloy M is really the right grade, or whether something cheaper will do.
Tool 4 of 6The result is a starting point for discussion with our metallurgical team, not a substitute for your own design review.
Where Astroloy M forgings are used
Astroloy M is a hot-section rotating-part alloy. The applications below are the service environments where the grade routinely gets specified. They are described generically because specific project references are subject to customer confidentiality.
Turbine and compressor discs
High-pressure turbine and rear-compressor discs running between 700 and 870 °C, where the combination of creep resistance and burst margin at temperature rules out Inconel 718. This is what the alloy was designed for.
Rotating seals, spacers and blade retainers
Seal rings, spacer rings and retaining rings in the hot gas path of aero-derivative and heavy-duty industrial gas turbines, where thermal cycling and creep act together over long service intervals.
Shafts, stub shafts and couplings
High-temperature power transmission parts that have to carry torque at metal temperatures which would over-age a lower-γ′ alloy.
Isothermal forging dies and extrusion tooling
Die inserts and tooling that must keep hardness and resist thermal fatigue at sustained temperature, where tool steels and even hot-work die steels have no useful life.
Turbocharger and expander rotor parts
Rotor discs and back plates in large marine and stationary turbochargers, and hot gas expanders in refinery fluid-catalytic-cracking service.
Rig hardware and qualification stock
Bar and blank stock for spin-rig discs, creep specimens and OEM material-qualification programmes, supplied with the full melt and heat-treatment record.
Production capability
We run open-die hydraulic presses of 2,500, 4,500 and 7,500 tonnes, forging hammers of 3 and 6 tonnes, radial-axial ring-rolling mills, and in-house VIM and VIM-VAR vacuum melting. The envelopes below are specific to Astroloy M and are tighter than our limits for lower-γ′ grades, because the narrow forging window restricts how much material can be moved between reheats. We would rather quote a size we can forge soundly than take an order we cannot.
- Max disc Ø
- 1,100mm
- Max ring OD
- 1,400mm
- Max shaft length
- 3m
- Single-piece weight
- 2,000kg max
- Bar diameter
- 25–350mm
- Min order
- 1piece
- Lead time
- 14–20weeks
- Quote turnaround
- 24hours
Included as standard
- VIM or VIM-VAR melt with single-heat traceability
- Full four-step solution and ageing cycle
- Chemical analysis by optical emission spectrometry, melt and product
- Tensile and hardness testing per heat-treat lot
- 100 % ultrasonic inspection to ASTM A388
- Liquid-penetrant inspection to ASTM E1417
- EN 10204 3.1 mill certificate
- Marine-grade export packing, VCI wrapped, on fumigated timber
Available on request
- EN 10204 3.2 third-party witnessed certification
- Stress-rupture and creep testing to your specification
- Macro-etch grain-flow inspection to ASTM E381
- Grain-size determination to ASTM E112
- Sub-solvus or super-solvus solution treatment as specified
- Rough or finish CNC machining to drawing
- Forging simulation and blocker design review
- Powder-metallurgy route under AMS 5851
Standards, testing and quality system
Astroloy M forgings are made and inspected against the specifications listed below. We also publish our certification position plainly, including what we do not hold. Buyers in this market are making source-approval decisions, and a vague claim wastes everyone's time.
- AMS 5851
- AMS 5852
- AMS 5882
- ASTM A388 (UT)
- AMS 2154 (UT)
- EN 10228-3 (UT)
- ASTM E1417 (PT)
- ASTM E381 (macro-etch)
- ASTM E112 (grain size)
- ASTM E8 / E21 (tensile)
- ASTM E139 (creep)
- AMS 2750 (pyrometry)
- EN 10204 3.1
- EN 10204 3.2
- SEP 1921 (UT)
ISO 9001:2015
Our standing quality-management certification. Certificate number, accreditation body and expiry date go out on request and are included in supplier-qualification packages.
AS9100, NADCAP, OEM source approval
We do not currently hold AS9100, NADCAP special-process accreditation, or tier-1 aerospace OEM source approval as standing certifications. Where a programme needs them we work per project: joint qualification, sub-tier sourcing through an accredited partner, or starting the certification pathway inside the project. Raise this before you place a flight-hardware order.
Astroloy M goes almost entirely into regulated applications. We would rather lose an enquiry at the first email than have a source-approval audit find a gap at month four of a programme. If you need flight-critical rotating hardware under a tier-1 approval today, ask us directly and we will tell you whether we can serve you or whether you should be talking to an already-approved mill.
How to specify an Astroloy M forging order
Astroloy M enquiries stall more often than any other grade we quote, and nearly always for the same reason: the melt route is missing. VIM-VAR and powder-metallurgy material differ by 40 to 70 % in price and by two months in lead time, so a specification that leaves it out cannot be priced at all. The seven steps below produce an enquiry we can quote from.
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Confirm the material designation. State
Astroloy M / UNS N13017and the governing specification, AMS 5851, AMS 5852 or AMS 5882, or your own OEM material specification number and revision. - Choose the melt route. VIM + VAR, VIM + ESR + VAR, or powder metallurgy. This one line governs cost, lead time and achievable section size more than anything else on the order.
- Provide the drawing or model, with machining allowance, tolerances and any grain-flow requirement. For discs and rings, say whether radial grain flow and macro-etch verification are needed.
- Specify the heat-treatment condition. Solution treated only, or the full four-step cycle. If you need sub-solvus solution treatment for fine grain and low-cycle-fatigue life, say so. The default is super-solvus.
- Define non-destructive examination. Ultrasonic acceptance to ASTM A388, AMS 2154 or EN 10228-3, penetrant to ASTM E1417, plus any grain-size or macro-etch requirement.
- Specify certification. EN 10204 3.1 is standard. For 3.2 third-party witness, name the inspection body (Lloyd's, DNV, BV, TUV, SGS) so we can schedule the witness points.
- State quantity, Incoterms, destination and target date. Allow 14 to 20 weeks for VIM-VAR and longer for PM. If you have a hard date, tell us at enquiry, not at order.
Forging weight and material cost estimator
Rough-forging weight and an indicative material-only cost band, before you ask for a formal quote.
Tool 5 of 6- Per piece
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Density basis 7.91 g/cm³. Material cost only. It excludes forging conversion, heat treatment, machining, NDE, certification, packing and freight, which together typically add 60 to 150 % for this grade. Use it for budget screening. Final pricing always comes by formal quotation.
RFQ generator
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Tool 6 of 6Glossary
- Astroloy M
- Nickel-based, γ′-strengthened superalloy, UNS N13017, nominally 15Cr, 17Co, 5.25Mo, 4Al, 3.5Ti with balance nickel. The "M" suffix is a catalogue convention, not a separate grade.
- UNS N13017
- The generic Unified Numbering System designation for Astroloy M. The safest way to specify the alloy without using a trade name.
- Gamma prime
- The ordered intermetallic Ni3(Al,Ti) precipitate that strengthens nickel superalloys. Coherent with the matrix, so dislocations have to cut or bow around it. Astroloy M contains 40 to 45 vol %.
- Gamma prime solvus
- The temperature at which γ′ dissolves completely into the matrix, 1,140 to 1,160 °C for Astroloy M. It sets the boundary between sub-solvus and super-solvus solution treatment, and it closes the forging window.
- Sub-solvus and super-solvus solution treatment
- Solution treating below the solvus retains primary γ′ that pins grain boundaries, giving fine grain and better low-cycle-fatigue life. Above it, grains coarsen, which favours creep and crack-growth resistance.
- Strain-age cracking
- Intergranular cracking that happens when γ′ precipitation and residual-stress relaxation occur together during post-weld heat treatment. It is the reason Astroloy M is treated as non-weldable.
- VIM
- Vacuum induction melting. Primary melting under vacuum, essential for alloys containing reactive aluminium and titanium.
- VAR
- Vacuum arc remelting. Secondary remelting of a cast electrode under vacuum, improving homogeneity and removing inclusion clusters.
- ESR
- Electroslag remelting. Remelting through a molten slag layer, used between VIM and VAR on large sections to control segregation.
- Powder-metallurgy superalloy
- Route in which a VIM heat is gas atomised to powder, screened, then consolidated by hot isostatic pressing or extrusion. Macro-segregation is eliminated and grain size is the finest available. Covered for Astroloy M by AMS 5851.
- HIP
- Hot isostatic pressing. High temperature and isostatic gas pressure applied together to consolidate powder or close internal porosity.
- Isothermal forging
- Forging with the dies held at workpiece temperature, which allows very low strain rates and superplastic flow. The standard route for high-γ′ aero-engine discs.
- Prior particle boundary
- Network of oxides and carbides outlining the original powder particles in a PM forging. Controlled by powder cleanliness and consolidation practice, and a primary quality concern in PM Astroloy M.
- M23C6 carbide
- Chromium-rich carbide precipitated along grain boundaries during the 843 °C step. Discrete, well-distributed carbides improve stress-rupture life. A continuous film embrittles.
- AMS
- Aerospace Material Specification, issued by SAE International. Astroloy M is covered by AMS 5851, AMS 5852 and AMS 5882.
- EN 10204 3.1 and 3.2
- Inspection-document types. 3.1 is certified by the manufacturer's independent inspection department. 3.2 is countersigned by an independent third-party inspector or the buyer's representative.
Frequently asked questions about Astroloy M
What is Astroloy M?
Astroloy M is a nickel-based, gamma-prime strengthened superalloy carrying the generic designation UNS N13017. Nominal composition is 15 % chromium, 17 % cobalt, 5.25 % molybdenum, 4.0 % aluminium and 3.5 % titanium, balance nickel. The combined Al and Ti content of about 7.5 wt % precipitates roughly 40 to 45 vol % of the ordered Ni3(Al,Ti) phase, which is what gives the alloy strength at temperature. Astroloy M holds useful strength to approximately 870 °C and is used mainly for aero-engine and industrial gas turbine disc, ring and shaft forgings. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. produces Astroloy M open-die forgings to AMS 5851, AMS 5852 and AMS 5882.
Is Astroloy M the same as Astroloy?
Yes. Astroloy and Astroloy M are the same UNS N13017 chemistry. The "M" suffix appears in some mill and stockist catalogues but does not mark a different alloy, a different specification or a different processing route. Both names are covered by AMS 5851, AMS 5852 and AMS 5882.
What is the chemical composition of Astroloy M / UNS N13017?
In weight percent: chromium 14.0 to 16.0 (typically 15.0), cobalt 15.0 to 20.0 (typically 17.0), molybdenum 4.5 to 5.5 (typically 5.25), aluminium 3.5 to 4.5 (typically 4.0), titanium 3.3 to 3.7 (typically 3.5), carbon 0.02 to 0.10 (typically 0.04), boron 0.020 to 0.040 (typically 0.025), zirconium up to 0.10 (typically 0.06), iron 0.50 maximum, nickel balance at about 56 %.
These are ranges, not minima. Several published Astroloy M datasheets mislabel the nominal aim values as minimum values. See the correction under chemical composition.
What are the mechanical properties of Astroloy M?
Solution treated and fully aged, at room temperature: tensile strength at least 1,275 MPa (185 ksi), typically near 1,400 MPa; 0.2 % yield strength at least 965 MPa (140 ksi), typically near 1,035 MPa; elongation at least 10 % and typically 15 to 19 %; hardness generally 36 to 42 HRC. At 760 °C the alloy still develops roughly 1,105 MPa tensile and 930 MPa yield strength.
What is the maximum service temperature of Astroloy M?
About 870 °C (1,600 °F) for lightly loaded or short-term service. For highly stressed rotating parts such as turbine discs, 760 °C (1,400 °F) is the practical design limit. Above roughly 815 °C the γ′ precipitates coarsen measurably, and at the solvus of 1,140 to 1,160 °C they dissolve entirely.
How is Astroloy M heat treated?
The classic cast-and-wrought cycle has four steps, about 28 hours of furnace time in total:
- 1,149 °C for 4 h, air cool. Super-solvus solution
- 1,079 °C for 4 h, air cool. Stabilise
- 843 °C for 4 h, air cool. Grain-boundary M23C6 carbides
- 760 °C for 16 h, air cool. Final γ′ age
Powder-metallurgy Astroloy M is often given a sub-solvus solution at about 1,100 °C for 4 hours with a controlled cool of at least 100 °C per minute, then aged at 760 °C for 8 hours and 650 °C for 24 hours.
Can Astroloy M be welded?
Not by conventional fusion processes. With about 7.5 wt % combined aluminium and titanium, Astroloy M sits well inside the strain-age cracking region of the classic superalloy weldability diagram, where the practical boundary is around 6 wt %. During post-weld heat treatment, γ′ precipitates in the heat-affected zone at the same moment residual stress relaxes, and intergranular cracks open.
Where joining cannot be avoided, inertia or linear friction welding and closely controlled electron-beam welding are the practical options, each followed by a full re-solution and re-age. Design Astroloy M parts as single-piece forgings wherever possible.
Why is Astroloy M so difficult to forge?
Because of the γ′ fraction. The solvus sits at 1,140 to 1,160 °C and incipient melting starts near 1,290 °C, which leaves a workable window of roughly 1,080 to 1,150 °C, one of the narrowest of any commercial forging superalloy. Flow stress climbs sharply as soon as the workpiece drops below about 1,010 °C. Conventional open-die forging therefore needs frequent reheats and low strain rates, and demanding disc geometries are produced by isothermal or near-isothermal forging at strain rates of 0.001 to 0.01 per second.
What melting routes are valid for Astroloy M?
Astroloy M must be vacuum melted. The valid routes are VIM + VAR double melting, VIM + ESR + VAR triple melting for the largest sections, and powder metallurgy in which a VIM master heat is argon gas atomised and consolidated by HIP or hot extrusion.
Air-melting routes such as EAF + AOD or EAF + VOD are not suitable. The 4 % aluminium and 3.5 % titanium oxidise during air melting and form inclusion stringers that fail ultrasonic acceptance and initiate fatigue cracks in service.
How does Astroloy M compare with Waspaloy and Inconel 718?
Astroloy M carries far more γ′: 40 to 45 vol % against roughly 20 to 25 % for Waspaloy and about 15 % for Inconel 718, which is strengthened mainly by γ″ instead. That gives Astroloy M the highest temperature capability of the three, about 870 °C against roughly 760 °C for Waspaloy and 650 °C for Inconel 718.
The trade-off is processing. Inconel 718 forges and welds readily and costs roughly two-thirds as much. Waspaloy is intermediate. Astroloy M is difficult to forge and effectively non-weldable. Specify Astroloy M when the temperature really requires it, and Inconel 718 when it does not. See the comparison table.
What is the density of Astroloy M?
About 7.91 g/cm³, equivalent to 0.286 lb/in³ at room temperature.
Does Astroloy M have an EN, DIN or JIS equivalent?
No. Unlike Inconel 718 or A286, Astroloy M has no assigned EN or DIN Werkstoff number and no JIS designation. European and Japanese buyers procure it under UNS N13017 with the AMS specification, or under an OEM material specification. Alloys sometimes offered as equivalents, such as the French N18 and NR3 or the Russian EP741NP, are different chemistries and are not substitutes on a drawing.
What Astroloy M forging sizes can you produce?
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. produces Astroloy M forged discs to Ø 1,100 mm, seamless rolled rings to 1,400 mm OD, forged shafts to 3 m length, round bars from Ø 25 mm to Ø 350 mm, and single-piece weights to 2,000 kg. These limits are tighter than our envelopes for lower-γ′ grades because of the narrow forging window.
What is the lead time for Astroloy M forgings?
Typically 14 to 20 weeks for VIM-VAR material. The drivers are the vacuum melt route, the multiple reheats needed during forging, and the four-step ageing cycle, which alone occupies about 28 hours of furnace time. Powder-metallurgy orders under AMS 5851 generally run 20 to 28 weeks. Quotations go out within 24 hours.
Who manufactures Astroloy M forgings?
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an independent open-die forging factory at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China, manufacturing Astroloy M / UNS N13017 turbine discs, seamless rolled rings, shafts, round bars and custom near-net forgings. The company operates in-house VIM and VIM-VAR melting furnaces, has forged open-die products since 2008, exports to more than 40 countries and holds ISO 9001:2015 certification. Contact +86-189-2135-9659 or sales@steelforgepieces.com.
Citing this page
This page is maintained as a technical reference by the metallurgical team at the factory that makes the material it describes. Engineers, students and procurement teams are welcome to quote from it, provided the source is named. Suggested citation:
Source and scope. Composition ranges, mechanical and physical properties here are consolidated from SAE AMS 5851, AMS 5852 and AMS 5882 and from published superalloy literature, cross-checked against our own melt and test records. Forging windows, heat-treatment parameters, production envelopes and lead times are our own manufacturing data. The figures are for engineering screening. Design allowables must come from the applicable specification revision or from lot-specific testing.
Corrections and questions, including requests for the underlying test data behind any figure here, go to sales@steelforgepieces.com, marked for the metallurgical team. We correct errors on this page and note the correction, as we have done above for the composition table and the melt route.
Supplier information
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an independent open-die forging factory producing nickel-superalloy, stainless, alloy, tool and carbon steel forgings. Astroloy M / UNS N13017 is made on our vacuum melting and open-die forging lines in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Company
- Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., Open-Die Forging Factory
- Address
- No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China
- Telephone
- 0086-189-2135-9659
- +86 189 2135 9659
- sales@steelforgepieces.com
- Website
- www.steelforgepieces.com
- Established
- Open-die forging since 2008
- Quality system
- ISO 9001:2015
- Certification
- EN 10204 3.1 standard, EN 10204 3.2 third-party witness on request
- Melting
- In-house VIM and VIM-VAR vacuum melting furnaces
- Markets
- Exporting to more than 40 countries
- Response time
- Quotations within 24 hours
Request a quotation for Astroloy M forgings
Send the drawing, the AMS callout and the melt route. We come back within 24 hours with price, lead time and confirmation of the specification scope. If Astroloy M is the wrong grade for your duty we will say so and propose the right one. That conversation costs you nothing and saves us both a rejected first article.