Seamless rolled rings
Ring-rolled from a forged and pierced preform for continuous circumferential grain flow. Rectangular and profiled sections.
EN 10028-2 pressure-vessel steel for elevated-temperature service
1.0473 Forgings Grade designation P355GH. Forged rings, flanges, discs, valve bodies and shafts.
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal forges 1.0473 (P355GH) to order at our open-die and ring-rolling shop in Jiangyin, Jiangsu. Material data first, then the shapes, sizes and certification we can supply.
- Material number
- 1.0473
- Steel name
- P355GH
- Min. yield (t ≤ 16 mm)
- 355 MPa
- Tensile (t ≤ 60 mm)
- 510–650 MPa
1.0473 at a glance
1.0473 is the EN material number for P355GH, a weldable carbon-manganese steel listed in EN 10028-2 for pressure equipment working at elevated temperature. Carbon runs 0.10 to 0.22 %, manganese 1.10 to 1.70 %. Normal supply condition is normalised (+N). Minimum yield strength is 355 MPa up to 16 mm and tensile strength 510 to 650 MPa up to 60 mm. The grade goes into boiler drums, pressure vessels, heat exchangers, steam piping and valve parts.
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China. We forge 1.0473 / P355GH into seamless rolled rings, flanges, tubesheets, discs, sleeves, hollow bars, valve bodies and shafts, in single pieces from 20 kg to 25 t, with an EN 10204 3.1 mill certificate. Email sales@steelforgepieces.com or call +86 189 2135 9659.
The grade is also written W.Nr. 1.0473, P355GH or P355 GH. EN 10028-2 governs plate, bar falls under EN 10273, and forgings are normally ordered to EN 10222 or to the buyer's own specification. P355GH is a different grade from P355NH and P355NL1, which sit in EN 10028-3 and are specified mainly for low-temperature toughness.
Grade identification
- EN material number
- 1.0473
- EN steel name
- P355GH
- Standard
- EN 10028-2, flat products made of steels for pressure purposes. Part 2 covers non-alloy and alloy steels with specified elevated temperature properties.
- Steel group
- Weldable non-alloy quality steel, carbon-manganese, pressure-vessel grade
- Designation
- P for pressure purposes, 355 for 355 MPa minimum yield strength in the thinnest thickness range, GH for specified elevated-temperature properties
- Usual delivery condition
- Normalised (+N). Normalised and tempered (+NT) and simulated post-weld heat treatment available on request.
- Weldability
- Good. Weldable by all common processes. Preheat and interpass control are set by thickness and carbon equivalent.
- Typical service
- Boilers, pressure vessels, shell-and-tube heat exchangers, steam and process piping, valve bodies
Chemical composition of 1.0473 (P355GH)
Ladle analysis, percentage by mass, per EN 10028-2.
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Al | N | Cr | Cu | Mo | Ni | Nb | Ti | V | Combined |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.10–0.22 | max 0.60 | 1.10–1.70 | max 0.025 | max 0.015 | max 0.020 | max 0.012 | max 0.30 | max 0.30 | max 0.08 | max 0.30 | max 0.020 | max 0.03 | max 0.02 | Cr+Cu+Mo+Ni ≤ 0.70 |
Source: EN 10028-2. Product analysis tolerances apply per the standard. Every heat we forge carries its own ladle analysis on the EN 10204 3.1 certificate.
Mechanical properties of 1.0473 (P355GH)
Normalised (+N) condition, room temperature. Yield and tensile strength both drop as section thickness increases, so read the column that matches your section.
Minimum yield strength ReH by thickness
| Nominal thickness (mm) | ≤ 16 | > 16–40 | > 40–60 | > 60–100 | > 100–150 | > 150–250 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ReH min (MPa) | 355 | 345 | 335 | 315 | 295 | 280 |
Tensile strength Rm by thickness
| Nominal thickness (mm) | ≤ 60 | > 60–100 | > 100–150 | > 150–250 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rm (MPa) | 510–650 | 490–630 | 480–630 | 470–630 |
Elongation and impact energy
| Property | Test condition | Minimum value |
|---|---|---|
| A, elongation at fracture | Room temperature | 20–21 % |
| KV, impact energy transverse | −20 °C | 27 J |
| KV, impact energy transverse | 0 °C | 34 J |
| KV, impact energy transverse | +20 °C | 40 J |
| KV, impact energy longitudinal | 0 °C | 40 J |
| KV, impact energy longitudinal | +20 °C | 47 J |
Source: EN 10028-2. For forgings, test location, direction and sampling frequency are agreed at order stage. Tell us the applicable code (PED, ASME VIII, AD 2000-Merkblatt) and we sample accordingly.
1.0473 / P355GH equivalent grades
Cross-references in common commercial use. These are close comparisons rather than exact identities, so confirm against the governing standard before substituting a grade in a code-stamped vessel.
| Standard / country | Designation | Note |
|---|---|---|
| EN, Europe | P355GH, 1.0473 | The grade itself, EN 10028-2 |
| DIN, Germany (superseded) | 19Mn6 | Closest historical DIN 17155 designation |
| ASTM / ASME, USA | A516 Gr. 70, SA-516 Gr. 70, A537 Cl.1 | Comparable strength class, different chemistry and test regime |
| JIS, Japan | SPV355 (SPV36) | Comparable pressure-vessel grade |
| AFNOR, France | A52 CP | Historical equivalent |
| BS, UK (superseded) | BS 1501-224 Gr. 490 | Historical equivalent |
| UNI, Italy | Fe 510-1 KW | Historical equivalent |
| GB, China | Q345R, 20MnG | Nearest domestic pressure-vessel grades |
Equivalents are for guidance only. Where a design code calls for a specific grade, we forge that grade and certify it. No substitution without written approval.
1.0473 forged product forms we manufacture
All shapes below are produced from 1.0473 / P355GH billet or ingot by open-die forging and radial ring rolling, then heat treated, rough machined and tested in house.
Forged flanges
Girth flanges, cover flanges, long welding neck flanges, FVC-type self-reinforced nozzles and nozzle necks.
Discs, tubesheets and tube plates
Solid and bored discs for shell-and-tube heat exchangers, including tubesheets drilled to your pattern.
Sleeves, bushes and hollow bars
Forged and bored cylinders, sleeves, bushings, casings, shells and barrels. An alternative to seamless pipe in heavy wall.
Valve components
Valve bodies and blocks, bonnets, stems, closures and seat rings for pressure and process service.
Shafts and round bars
Stepped and plain shafts, forged round bar, blocks, hubs and housings for pressure and structural duty.
Pipe, tube and piping blanks
Heavy-wall forged tubulars and piping components where seamless sizes are unavailable or lead times run too long.
Heat exchanger components
Channel covers, shell sections, nozzle reinforcements and complete forged part sets for shell-and-tube exchangers.
Forging capability and supply conditions for 1.0473
These limits decide whether we can make your part. Figures apply to 1.0473 / P355GH.
- Process
- Open-die forging (free forging) and radial-axial seamless ring rolling
- Rolled ring outside diameter
- 200 mm to 4000 mm
- Ring height and wall
- Height 50 mm to 1000 mm, wall from 30 mm
- Single-piece weight
- 20 kg to 25 000 kg
- Round bar and shaft
- Diameter 80 mm to 1200 mm, length to 8000 mm
- Disc and tubesheet diameter
- Up to 3000 mm
- Minimum forging ratio
- 3:1 typical, 4:1 or higher on request for pressure parts
- Heat treatment
- Normalising (+N), normalising and tempering (+NT), stress relief, simulated PWHT. Charted furnaces with calibrated thermocouples.
- Machining
- Rough machined with agreed test allowance. Finish machining to drawing on request.
- Non-destructive testing
- Ultrasonic to EN 10228-3, SEP 1921 or ASTM A388, plus MT, PT, hardness survey and dimensional report
- Mechanical testing
- Tensile, Charpy V impact down to −20 °C or lower on request, hardness, grain size
- Certification
- EN 10204 3.1 as standard. EN 10204 3.2 with third-party witness available on request.
- Marking and traceability
- Heat number, grade, item number and works stamp on every piece, with full heat-to-part traceability
- Typical lead time
- 25 to 45 days from order confirmation, depending on size and heat treatment cycle
- Minimum order
- Single piece. Prototypes and one-offs accepted.
- Export
- Shipped worldwide from Shanghai and Ningbo. Seaworthy packing, anti-rust coating, FOB / CIF / DDP.
If your part sits outside these ranges, send the drawing anyway and we will confirm whether it is within our press capacity.
Forging, heat treatment and welding of P355GH
Forging
1.0473 is forged from about 1200 °C, with forging stopped above roughly 850 °C to keep out of the low-ductility range. Heavy sections are soaked to temperature uniformity before the first blow. Light sections cool in still air after forging. Heavy sections are cooled slowly in the furnace to limit residual stress and reduce hydrogen flaking risk.
Heat treatment
Normal supply condition is normalised: austenitise around 890 to 930 °C, hold for section thickness, then cool in still air. Normalising refines the grain and gives the uniform ferrite-pearlite structure that the EN 10028-2 property table is based on. Where the part will be welded and post-weld heat treated, a simulated PWHT cycle can be run on the test coupons so certified properties reflect the as-delivered condition of the finished vessel. Stress relief is typically 550 to 620 °C with controlled cooling.
Welding
P355GH welds readily with SMAW, SAW, GTAW and GMAW using matching low-hydrogen consumables. Preheat is decided from thickness and carbon equivalent. Thin sections often need none, while heavy forgings are commonly preheated to 100 to 150 °C with interpass control. Post-weld heat treatment is governed by the applicable construction code rather than by the grade.
Machining
Machinability in the normalised condition is good and comparable to other carbon-manganese pressure-vessel steels. We supply rough machined with a stock allowance you specify, so your finish machining removes the decarburised surface and any residual scale.
Where 1.0473 forgings are used
P355GH holds its strength at elevated temperature and welds without difficulty, so 1.0473 forgings turn up across pressure equipment and process plant:
- Boilers and steam generation: drums, headers, manway and handhole forgings.
- Pressure vessels: shell courses, girth flanges, nozzle reinforcements and cover flanges built to PED, ASME VIII or AD 2000-Merkblatt.
- Shell-and-tube heat exchangers: tubesheets, channel covers, shell rings and nozzle necks.
- Process and power piping: heavy-wall forged pipe components, reducers, tees and long welding neck flanges.
- Valves: bodies, bonnets, closures and seat rings for steam and process duty.
- Petrochemical and refinery equipment: columns, reactors and separator components in non-corrosive or clad-lined service.
1.0473 is not a corrosion-resisting steel. For wet H2S, chloride or acid service, ask us about weld-overlay cladding or a stainless or nickel alloy grade instead.
Frequently asked questions about 1.0473
Short answers to what buyers and engineers ask us about this grade.
What is 1.0473 steel?
1.0473 is the EN material number for P355GH, a weldable carbon-manganese steel listed in EN 10028-2 for pressure equipment used at elevated temperature. It contains 0.10 to 0.22 % carbon and 1.10 to 1.70 % manganese, is normally supplied normalised, and has a minimum yield strength of 355 MPa in sections up to 16 mm.
Is 1.0473 the same as P355GH?
Yes. 1.0473 is the material number and P355GH is the steel name for the same grade in EN 10028-2. Drawings and purchase orders may use either, and both refer to identical requirements.
What is the ASTM equivalent of 1.0473 / P355GH?
ASTM A516 Grade 70 (ASME SA-516 Gr. 70) is the cross-reference most often quoted, with A537 Class 1 sometimes cited as well. They sit in a comparable strength class but differ in chemistry and testing requirements, so any substitution needs approval from the design authority before it goes into a code-stamped vessel.
What is the yield strength of 1.0473?
Minimum yield strength falls with section thickness: 355 MPa up to 16 mm, 345 MPa from 16 to 40 mm, 335 MPa from 40 to 60 mm, 315 MPa from 60 to 100 mm, 295 MPa from 100 to 150 mm and 280 MPa from 150 to 250 mm, all in the normalised condition.
Is P355GH weldable?
Yes. P355GH is made to be welded and is readily joined by SMAW, SAW, GTAW and GMAW with matching low-hydrogen consumables. Preheat depends on thickness and carbon equivalent, and heavy forgings are commonly preheated to 100 to 150 °C. Post-weld heat treatment is set by the construction code applied to the vessel.
What is the difference between P355GH and P355NH?
P355GH (1.0473) sits in EN 10028-2 and is specified with elevated-temperature properties. P355NH (1.0565) sits in EN 10028-3 and is a fine-grain normalised steel specified mainly for low-temperature toughness. They are separate grades under different parts of the standard and are not interchangeable without design approval.
What forged shapes can be produced in 1.0473?
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal produces 1.0473 as seamless rolled rings, girth and cover flanges, long welding neck flanges, nozzle necks, discs, tubesheets and tube plates, sleeves, bushes, hollow bars, cylinders, shells, casings, blocks, hubs, housings, shafts, round bars, and valve bodies, bonnets, stems, closures and seat rings.
What is the largest 1.0473 forging you can make?
Seamless rolled rings up to 4000 mm outside diameter, discs and tubesheets up to 3000 mm diameter, round bars and shafts up to 1200 mm diameter by 8000 mm long, and single pieces up to 25 tonnes.
What certificates are supplied with 1.0473 forgings?
An EN 10204 3.1 mill certificate is issued as standard, covering heat analysis, mechanical test results, heat treatment record, NDT results and dimensional report. EN 10204 3.2 certification with third-party witness is available on request.
Where can I buy 1.0473 / P355GH forgings?
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. manufactures 1.0473 / P355GH open-die forgings and seamless rolled rings at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China, and exports worldwide. Send a drawing or the part description to sales@steelforgepieces.com or call +86 189 2135 9659. Quotations normally go back within 24 hours.
Request a quotation for 1.0473 forgings
Send a drawing, a sketch or just the dimensions. Give us the grade, quantity, delivery condition and the certificate you need, and you get a price and a lead time within one working day.
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.
Open-die forging factory
No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town,
Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China
Phone / WhatsApp / WeChat: +86 189 2135 9659
Email: sales@steelforgepieces.com
Web: www.steelforgepieces.com
About the manufacturer
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China, inside the Jiangyin forging cluster on the south bank of the Yangtze, roughly two hours from the ports of Shanghai and Ningbo. We forge carbon steel, alloy steel, tool steel, stainless steel and nickel alloys into rings, flanges, discs, shafts, sleeves and valve components for pressure equipment, power generation, petrochemical, marine and general engineering customers.
Chemical and mechanical data on this page comes from EN 10028-2. Capability figures describe our own plant.
Data checked .