§01UNS N06600 at a glance
Each figure below is repeated in the detailed tables further down, with its governing standard named.
- Grade
- UNS N06600, Alloy 600, Inconel® 600
- UNS number
- N06600
- Werkstoff / DIN
- 2.4816 / NiCr15Fe
- Alloy family
- Nickel-chromium-iron, austenitic, solid-solution, non-hardenable
- Forging standard
- ASTM B564 / ASME SB-564; AMS 5665 on request
- Delivery condition
- Mill annealed 1010–1120 °C, cooled; thermal treatment optional
- Nominal composition
- Ni 72% min, Cr 14–17%, Fe 6–10%
- Density
- 8.47 g/cm³ (0.306 lb/in³)
- Melting range
- 1354–1413 °C (2470–2575 °F)
- Tensile / yield, min
- 550 MPa (80 ksi) / 240 MPa (35 ksi)
- Hardness, annealed
- ≤ 195 HB
- Magnetic response
- Non-magnetic at room temperature (Curie point −124 °C)
- Signature property
- Immunity to chloride-ion stress-corrosion cracking
- Certification
- EN 10204 3.1 standard; 3.2 third-party witnessed on request
- Forged by
- Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China
- Enquiries
- sales@steelforgepieces.com · +86 189 2135 9659
Table compiled by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. from ASTM B564, ASTM B166 and published alloy literature.
§02What UNS N06600 is, and when to specify it
Specify UNS N06600 where the part has to survive chlorides, caustic solutions, dry chlorine or hot gas, and where the design load is low enough to be carried by an annealed solid-solution alloy.
UNS N06600 was among the first wrought nickel-chromium-iron alloys made in quantity, and it is still the reference grade of that family. The composition is simple: about three-quarters nickel, a chromium addition for oxidation resistance, and enough iron to hold the cost down. There is no aluminium, titanium or niobium to form strengthening precipitates. The alloy therefore cannot be age hardened, and room-temperature strength is modest at 550 MPa tensile against 830 MPa for Alloy 625.
The value of the grade lies in chemical stability rather than strength. Nickel contents above about 42% remove the risk of chloride stress-corrosion cracking. That failure mode limits austenitic stainless steels such as 304 and 316 in seawater, brine and chloride-bearing process streams. UNS N06600 carries 72% nickel minimum, well clear of the threshold. Chromium adds resistance to oxidising media, which pure nickel and Alloy 200 do not have, and to sulfur-free hot gas. The alloy is used in caustic soda, high-purity water, steam, organic and fatty acids, and dry chlorine and hydrogen chloride up to around 540 °C.
There are three limits on its use. UNS N06600 contains no molybdenum, so it is not suitable for reducing acids such as sulfuric or wet hydrochloric. Use Alloy C-276 or Alloy 625 for those. Sulfur-bearing atmospheres attack it above the nickel-sulfide eutectic near 645 °C. In hot caustic and in the primary water of pressurised water reactors it is open to intergranular attack, and Alloy 690 (UNS N06690) with 30% chromium replaced it in nuclear steam generator tubing for that reason.
The common forging applications follow from this. Furnace hardware, retorts and fixtures. Chlorination and vinyl chloride monomer equipment. Titanium and magnesium production vessels. Caustic evaporator components. Heat-exchanger tube sheets and flanges in chloride service. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. forges the grade for all of these duties.
§03Chemical composition of UNS N06600
UNS N06600 is specified as nickel plus cobalt 72.0% minimum, chromium 14.0–17.0% and iron 6.00–10.00%, with carbon limited to 0.15% and sulfur to 0.015%.
The table below gives the ASTM B564 / ASME SB-564 limits that govern forgings, alongside the German VdTÜV 305 limits for W.Nr. 2.4816. The 2.4816 specification adds a carbon minimum and ceilings on aluminium, titanium, boron and phosphorus that ASTM does not impose. Order to whichever specification applies to your design. We can forge to both windows at once, so a single heat satisfies either.
| Element | ASTM B564 min | ASTM B564 max | 2.4816 min | 2.4816 max | Role in the alloy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nickel (Ni + Co) | 72.0 | balance | 72.0 | balance | Base element. Above 42% Ni the alloy is immune to chloride stress-corrosion cracking |
| Chromium (Cr) | 14.0 | 17.0 | 14.0 | 17.0 | Forms the protective oxide; gives resistance to oxidising media and hot air |
| Iron (Fe) | 6.00 | 10.00 | 6.0 | 10.0 | Deliberate addition that lowers cost without harming corrosion behaviour |
| Carbon (C) | — | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.10 | Kept low for corrosion service; raised in Alloy 600H for creep strength |
| Manganese (Mn) | — | 1.00 | — | 1.0 | Deoxidiser; combines with sulfur |
| Silicon (Si) | — | 0.50 | — | 0.50 | Deoxidiser; assists oxidation resistance |
| Copper (Cu) | — | 0.50 | — | 0.50 | Residual limit |
| Sulfur (S) | — | 0.015 | — | 0.015 | Held low for hot workability and to avoid grain-boundary embrittlement |
| Aluminium (Al) | — | not specified | — | 0.30 | Residual. Too low to precipitation harden the alloy |
| Titanium (Ti) | — | not specified | — | 0.30 | Residual; ties up nitrogen |
| Phosphorus (P) | — | not specified | — | 0.015 | Tramp element limit under the European specification |
| Boron (B) | — | not specified | — | 0.006 | Tramp element limit under the European specification |
| Cobalt (Co) | — | counted with Ni | — | 1.0 | Restricted separately for nuclear service to limit Co-60 activation |
Source: ASTM B564 / ASME SB-564 for UNS N06600 and VdTÜV Werkstoffblatt 305 for W.Nr. 2.4816, compiled by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. Highlighted rows are the three elements that define the grade. Every heat we forge is supplied with a ladle analysis on the mill certificate; product analysis on the finished forging can be added on request.
§04Mechanical properties of UNS N06600 forgings
Annealed UNS N06600 forgings are certified to a minimum tensile strength of 550 MPa (80 ksi), a minimum 0.2% yield strength of 240 MPa (35 ksi), 30% minimum elongation and a hardness not exceeding 195 HB.
Specified minimums to ASTM B564 / ASME SB-564, annealed
These are the values a mill test certificate must meet. They are acceptance minimums. Use ASME allowable stresses for design.
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile strength, min | 550 MPa | 80 ksi |
| Yield strength, 0.2% offset, min | 240 MPa | 35 ksi |
| Elongation in 50 mm (2 in) or 4D, min | 30 % | 30 % |
| Brinell hardness, max | 195 HB | 195 HB |
Source: ASTM B564 / ASME SB-564, UNS N06600, annealed condition.
Typical as-delivered values
Annealed UNS N06600 forgings normally test comfortably above the specified minimums. The ranges below are representative of our production and vary with section size, reduction ratio and cooling rate.
| Property | Typical range (metric) | Typical range (imperial) |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 585–720 MPa | 85–104 ksi |
| Yield strength, 0.2% | 250–345 MPa | 36–50 ksi |
| Elongation | 35–55 % | 35–55 % |
| Reduction of area | 55–75 % | 55–75 % |
| Hardness | 120–185 HB | 120–185 HB |
| Charpy V-notch, room temperature | ≥ 150 J | ≥ 110 ft·lb |
Typical values compiled by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. from production test records. For design screening only. The mill test certificate issued with each forging governs acceptance.
Strength at elevated temperature
UNS N06600 holds useful short-term strength to about 760 °C (1400 °F). Above that, creep governs. Allowable stresses for pressure-retaining parts are tabulated in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII Division 1 to 649 °C (1200 °F). For non-pressure parts the practical limit is set by oxidation rather than strength, and continuous service to 1093 °C (2000 °F) in clean, sulfur-free air is normal for furnace hardware.
| Temperature | Tensile strength, typical | 0.2% yield, typical |
|---|---|---|
| 20 °C / 68 °F | 640 MPa / 93 ksi | 285 MPa / 41 ksi |
| 200 °C / 392 °F | 610 MPa / 88 ksi | 230 MPa / 33 ksi |
| 400 °C / 752 °F | 580 MPa / 84 ksi | 210 MPa / 30 ksi |
| 600 °C / 1112 °F | 540 MPa / 78 ksi | 200 MPa / 29 ksi |
| 760 °C / 1400 °F | 310 MPa / 45 ksi | 180 MPa / 26 ksi |
| 870 °C / 1598 °F | 160 MPa / 23 ksi | 105 MPa / 15 ksi |
Indicative short-term values for annealed material, compiled by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. from published alloy literature. Not creep or rupture data. Use ASME BPVC Section II Part D allowable stresses for pressure design.
§05Physical properties of UNS N06600
UNS N06600 has a density of 8.47 g/cm³, a melting range of 1354–1413 °C and is non-magnetic at room temperature, its Curie point lying at about −124 °C.
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 8.47 g/cm³ | 0.306 lb/in³ |
| Melting range | 1354–1413 °C | 2470–2575 °F |
| Modulus of elasticity | 214 GPa | 31.0 × 10⁶ psi |
| Modulus of rigidity | 82.7 GPa | 12.0 × 10⁶ psi |
| Poisson's ratio | 0.29 | 0.29 |
| Specific heat | 444 J/kg·K | 0.106 Btu/lb·°F |
| Thermal conductivity, 20 °C | 14.9 W/m·K | 103 Btu·in/ft²·h·°F |
| Mean expansion, 20–100 °C | 13.3 µm/m·K | 7.4 × 10⁻⁶ in/in·°F |
| Mean expansion, 20–540 °C | 15.1 µm/m·K | 8.4 × 10⁻⁶ in/in·°F |
| Electrical resistivity | 1.03 µΩ·m | 620 Ω·circ mil/ft |
| Curie temperature | −124 °C | −192 °F |
| Magnetic permeability at 200 Oe | 1.010 | essentially non-magnetic |
Source: published data for UNS N06600 / Alloy 600, compiled by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. Values are nominal and not acceptance criteria.
§06Heat treatment of UNS N06600 forgings
UNS N06600 is a solid-solution alloy and cannot be age hardened. Cold work is the only strengthening mechanism available. The standard delivered condition for forgings is mill annealed.
A solution-plus-ageing cycle has no effect on this grade. There is no aluminium, titanium or niobium in the composition to form a gamma-prime or gamma-double-prime precipitate. Where a drawing calls for ageing on UNS N06600, it is usually a specification error carried over from a precipitation-hardening grade such as Alloy 718, X-750 or 17-4PH. Raise the point before the order is placed.
| Operation | Temperature | Practice and purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Forging, start | 1150–1230 °C 2100–2250 °F | Heavy reduction range. Soak uniformly. The alloy is stiff and needs press power rather than speed |
| Forging, finish | above 950 °C above 1740 °F | Finish light reductions at the low end to refine grain. Reheat rather than forge cold |
| Mill anneal (standard) | 1010–1120 °C 1850–2050 °F | Standard delivery condition for ASTM B564 forgings. Air cool or water quench by section size. Restores ductility and dissolves carbides |
| Thermal treatment (TT) | 704–732 °C 1300–1350 °F, 10–15 h | Optional after a high anneal. Precipitates a semi-continuous grain-boundary carbide film, which improves resistance to intergranular attack in caustic and high-purity water |
| Stress relief | 870–900 °C 1600–1650 °F | For welded or heavily machined assemblies where a full anneal is impractical |
| Ageing / precipitation | not applicable | UNS N06600 is not precipitation hardenable. Specify Alloy X-750 or Alloy 718 if a hardenable nickel alloy is required |
Source: Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. forging and heat-treatment practice for UNS N06600, consistent with ASTM B564 and published alloy literature.
§07Corrosion behaviour: where UNS N06600 works and where it does not
The main corrosion property of UNS N06600 is immunity to chloride stress-corrosion cracking. That failure mode limits 304 and 316 stainless steel in seawater, brine and chloride process streams.
| Environment | Behaviour | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| Chloride solutions, seawater, brine | Excellent | No chloride SCC at any temperature or concentration. The usual reason for selecting the grade |
| Caustic soda (NaOH), moderate temperature | Good | Widely used in evaporator and digester hardware. Use the thermally treated condition for hot concentrated caustic |
| Dry chlorine and hydrogen chloride | Excellent to ~540 °C | One of the few alloys usable in dry Cl₂ at red heat. Moisture changes this completely |
| High-purity water and steam | Good | Long service record. Use Alloy 690 in PWR primary water above 290 °C |
| Oxidising hot air, up to 1093 °C | Excellent | Chromia scale is adherent and self-healing in clean, sulfur-free air |
| Organic acids, fatty acids, food media | Good | Used in food processing and fine chemicals |
| Nitric acid, concentrated | Limited | Chromium content is too low for strongly oxidising acid. Use 310 stainless or Alloy 690 |
| Sulfuric and wet hydrochloric acid | Poor | No molybdenum. Specify Alloy C-276, Alloy 625 or Alloy B-2 |
| Sulfur-bearing gas above 645 °C | Poor | Nickel-sulfide eutectic causes rapid grain-boundary attack. Use Alloy 800H or a cobalt-base alloy |
| Carburising and nitriding atmospheres | Fair | Better than stainless steel, below Alloy 601 and Alloy 617 |
Guide compiled by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. for material screening. Corrosion behaviour depends on concentration, temperature, aeration, velocity and contaminants; qualify the alloy against your own service conditions before committing a design.
§08UNS N06600 compared with Alloy 601, 625, 690 and 800H
Choose UNS N06600 for chlorides, caustic and dry chlorine; Alloy 601 for cyclic oxidation; Alloy 625 for strength and reducing acids; Alloy 690 for hot caustic and nuclear primary water; Alloy 800H for creep service in sulfur-bearing gas.
| Criterion | Alloy 600 | Alloy 601 | Alloy 625 | Alloy 690 | Alloy 800H |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UNS number | N06600 | N06601 | N06625 | N06690 | N08810 |
| Werkstoff Nr. | 2.4816 | 2.4851 | 2.4856 | 2.4642 | 1.4958 |
| Nickel, % | 72 min | 58–63 | 58 min | 58 min | 30–35 |
| Chromium, % | 14–17 | 21–25 | 20–23 | 27–31 | 19–23 |
| Tensile min, MPa | 550 | 550 | 830 | 585 | 450 |
| Hardenable | No | No | No (solid solution) | No | No |
| Chloride SCC | Immune | Immune | Immune | Immune | Good |
| Reducing acids | Poor | Poor | Excellent | Fair | Poor |
| Hot caustic | Good | Good | Good | Excellent | Fair |
| Cyclic oxidation | Good | Excellent (Al addition) | Very good | Excellent | Very good |
| Creep to 900 °C | Fair | Good | Very good | Fair | Excellent |
| Relative cost | 1.0 | 1.0–1.1 | 1.6–1.9 | 1.3–1.5 | 0.55–0.7 |
| Specify it when | Chlorides, caustic, dry chlorine, furnace hardware | Repeated thermal cycling in air | High strength plus reducing acids or seawater | Hot caustic, PWR primary water, nuclear tube sheets | Sustained load above 593 °C at lower cost |
Comparison compiled by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. Relative cost is indicative per kilogram of forged product against Alloy 600 as 1.0 and moves with the nickel, chromium and molybdenum markets. All five grades are forged in our works.
UNS N06600 is the economical choice where chloride or caustic resistance is the requirement and the design stress is modest. Alloy 625 gives roughly 50% more strength and better acid resistance. Alloy 690 is used where hot caustic or nuclear primary water is involved. Alloy 800H and 800HT cover long-term creep duty at a lower alloy cost. All four are forged in our works.
§09UNS N06600 equivalent designations
UNS N06600 is designated W.Nr. 2.4816 and NiCr15Fe in Germany, NCF 600 in Japan, NA 14 in the United Kingdom, NC15Fe in France and NS3102 in China, and is sold under the trade name Inconel® 600.
| System / country | Designation | Note |
|---|---|---|
| UNS (USA) | N06600 | The unambiguous designation. Order to this |
| Werkstoff Nr. (Germany) | 2.4816 | Exact equivalent |
| DIN / EN name | NiCr15Fe | Exact equivalent |
| ISO | NW 6600 | Exact equivalent |
| JIS (Japan) | NCF 600 | Exact equivalent |
| BS (United Kingdom) | NA 14 | Exact equivalent |
| AFNOR (France) | NC15Fe | Exact equivalent |
| GB/T (China) | NS3102 | Corrosion-resistant designation; GH3600 is the high-temperature designation |
| GOST (Russia) | KhN78T | Nearest match rather than an exact one. Verify against the certificate |
| Trade names | Inconel® 600, Nicrofer® 7216, Ferrochronin® 600, Altemp® 600, Pyromet® 600, Sanicro® 70, Haynes® alloy 600 | Producer brand names for the same specification |
Cross-reference compiled by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. Designations marked as nearest matches are close but not identical; where a code case or design registration is involved, order to the UNS number and confirm equivalence against the mill certificate.
We publish separate pages for the same alloy under its other common names: Inconel 600 forgings and W.Nr. 2.4816 forgings. All three describe the same material and the same production route.
§10Standards covering UNS N06600 by product form
Forgings in UNS N06600 are supplied to ASTM B564 / ASME SB-564; bar and rod to ASTM B166, seamless pipe and tube to ASTM B167, and plate, sheet and strip to ASTM B168.
| Product form | ASTM | ASME | AMS / other |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forgings (our core product) | B564 | SB-564 | AMS 5665 |
| Rod, bar and wire | B166 | SB-166 | AMS 5665, AMS 5687 |
| Seamless pipe and tube | B167 | SB-167 | — |
| Plate, sheet and strip | B168 | SB-168 | AMS 5540 |
| Heat-exchanger tube | B163 | SB-163 | — |
| Fittings | B366 | SB-366 | — |
| Welded pipe | B517 | SB-517 | — |
| Welded tube | B516 | SB-516 | — |
Source: ASTM and ASME specification index for UNS N06600, compiled by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.
For pressure-retaining design, UNS N06600 carries maximum allowable stresses in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII Division 1 to 649 °C (1200 °F), with material properties listed in Section II Part B and Part D. For sour service, the alloy is listed in NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156-3 in the annealed condition, subject to the hardness and environmental limits given there. Confirm the applicable clause for your partial pressure of H₂S at enquiry stage.
§11UNS N06600 forgings we produce
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. forges UNS N06600 into seamless rolled rings, flanges, round bars, discs, shafts, sleeves, bushings, tube sheets, valve components and custom shapes. Every item is made to the customer's drawing.
All of it is open-die work. There is no die cost, no tooling charge and no piece minimum. One-off and prototype quantities are economic, and a drawing change costs nothing but re-programming.
Seamless rolled rings
Ring-rolled with no weld seam. Rectangular or contoured section, single or stacked.
Forged flanges
Weld neck, slip-on, blind, long weld neck and orifice, to ASME B16.5 / B16.47 or drawing.
Round bars and billets
Forged then peeled or rough turned, cut to length. Hollow bars trepanned to order.
Discs and blanks
Upset-forged discs for covers, blind ends, valve blanks and tube sheet blanks.
Shafts and spindles
Straight, stepped and eccentric shafts; pump and agitator shafts; forged crankshafts.
Sleeves and bushings
Hollow forged, trepanned or bored, thin wall or heavy wall.
Tube sheets
Forged and drilled tube sheets for shell-and-tube heat exchangers.
Forged pipe and hollows
Trepanned or expanded hollow sections for heavy-wall pipe and nozzle necks.
Valve components
Bodies, bonnets, seat rings, stems, gate, plug and ball blanks.
Nozzles and manifolds
Forged nozzle bodies, headers, blocks, rolls, wheels and custom profiles.
Size and weight capability in UNS N06600
| Product form | Dimensional range | Unit weight |
|---|---|---|
| Seamless rolled rings | OD 200–3,000 mm, height to 800 mm | 20–8,000 kg |
| Round bars and billets | Ø 80–800 mm, length to 6,000 mm | 20–6,000 kg |
| Discs and tube sheets | Ø 200–2,500 mm, thickness to 600 mm | 30–10,000 kg |
| Shafts, sleeves and blocks | length to 6,000 mm | to 10,000 kg |
| Flanges | OD to 2,500 mm | to 6,000 kg |
Capability of Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. for UNS N06600. Machining allowance is normally 6–20 mm per surface depending on section size unless the drawing states otherwise. Finish-machined parts to print are also supplied.
§12How we make UNS N06600 forgings
Every UNS N06600 forging follows the same seven-step route: melt, verify chemistry, open-die forge or ring-roll, anneal, machine, test and certify to EN 10204.
- Melting
UNS N06600 stock is melted by EAF + AOD/VOD with ESR remelting, and VIM + ESR or VIM + VAR when the specification or the service calls for improved cleanliness and reduced segregation. Low-cobalt melts for nuclear work are arranged at this stage.
- Billet chemistry verification
Heat chemistry is checked by optical emission spectrometer against the ASTM B564 limits, and against the tighter VdTÜV 305 window for 2.4816 where both are required. This is done before any material is charged into the furnace.
- Open-die forging or ring rolling
Heated to 1150–1230 °C and forged on hydraulic presses and hammers with a controlled reduction ratio, finishing above 950 °C. Reduction closes porosity and develops a wrought grain flow that follows the part contour. Rings are rolled seamless on 3 m and 6 m ring mills.
- Annealing
Mill annealed at 1010–1120 °C and cooled at a rate set by section size. Where the customer specifies the thermally treated condition, a high anneal is followed by 704–732 °C for 10–15 hours to improve resistance to intergranular attack. No ageing treatment is applied, because the alloy is not precipitation hardenable.
- Rough or finish machining
Turned, bored, drilled and faced to the drawing, with an agreed machining allowance or to final dimensions. Tube sheets are drilled on CNC.
- Non-destructive testing
Ultrasonic examination to EN 10228-3, SEP 1921 Class C/D/E, ASTM A388 or the customer's nominated class. Liquid penetrant to ASTM E165 / ASME V Article 6, plus dimensional inspection.
- Certification and despatch
EN 10204 3.1 mill certificate as standard, EN 10204 3.2 witnessed by TÜV, BV, LR, SGS or DNV on request. Hard stamped with heat number, marked, preserved and packed for sea or air freight.
§13Where UNS N06600 forgings are used
UNS N06600 forgings are used in heat-treating furnace hardware, chlorination and vinyl chloride plants, caustic evaporators, titanium and magnesium production, nuclear components and chloride-service heat exchangers.
| Industry | Components forged in UNS N06600 |
|---|---|
| Heat treatment and industrial furnaces | Retort and muffle end rings, radiant tube components, fixture and basket hardware, roller ends, forged rolls, thermocouple protection sheaths |
| Chemical processing | Chlorination reactor hardware, vinyl chloride monomer plant flanges and nozzles, caustic evaporator forgings, forged valve bodies and seat rings, agitator shafts |
| Heat exchangers and pressure vessels | Forged tube sheets, shell flanges, girth rings, blind covers and nozzle forgings for chloride and caustic duty |
| Nuclear | Reactor vessel head penetrations, control rod drive mechanism nozzles, core support forgings, steam generator components (low-cobalt melts) |
| Titanium and magnesium production | Reduction retorts, reactor vessel forgings and handling hardware for TiCl₄ and magnesium plants |
| Aerospace and gas turbine | Turbocharger rotor and seal rings, exhaust liner rings, jet engine casing rings and airframe hardware to AMS 5665 |
| Pulp, paper and food | Digester and evaporator hardware, forged shafts and sleeves for caustic and organic acid service |
| Power generation | Steam-side flanges and valve forgings in high-purity water service, superheater header components |
| Offshore and marine | Seawater-service flanges, sleeves and bushings where chloride stress-corrosion cracking rules out stainless steel |
| Electronics | Cathode ray and vacuum tube components, forged blanks for electronic hardware |
Application guide compiled by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. from UNS N06600 orders produced in our works.
§14Testing, inspection and certification
Every UNS N06600 forging leaves our works with an EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificate carrying the heat number, chemical analysis, mechanical results, heat treatment record and NDT results.
- Chemical analysis. Optical emission spectrometry on the heat, and product analysis on the finished forging when requested.
- Mechanical testing. Room-temperature tensile, yield, elongation and reduction of area to ASTM B564. Elevated-temperature tensile, stress rupture and Charpy impact testing to your specification.
- Hardness. Brinell per ASTM E10, reported against the 195 HB annealed ceiling and against any NACE MR0175 requirement.
- Grain size. Determined per ASTM E112 when the order specifies it.
- Ultrasonic testing. EN 10228-3, SEP 1921 Class C/D/E, ASTM A388 or the customer's nominated class.
- Surface NDT. Liquid penetrant examination per ASTM E165 / ASME Section V Article 6.
- Intergranular corrosion. ASTM G28 or ASTM A262 practice as agreed for thermally treated material.
- Certification. EN 10204 3.1 as standard; EN 10204 3.2 witnessed by TÜV, BV, LR, SGS or DNV on request, with full heat traceability and hard stamping.
Our inspection department operates a universal testing machine, impact testing machine, Brinell and Rockwell hardness testers, a metallographic microscope, magnetic particle and penetrant equipment, and ultrasonic flaw detection. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. works to an ISO 9001:2015 quality system.
§15Frequently asked questions about UNS N06600
What is UNS N06600?
UNS N06600 is a nickel-chromium-iron solid-solution alloy containing a minimum of 72% nickel, 14–17% chromium and 6–10% iron. It is covered for forgings by ASTM B564 / ASME SB-564 and for bar by ASTM B166, and is known commercially as Alloy 600, Inconel® 600 and Werkstoff 2.4816. The alloy combines immunity to chloride stress-corrosion cracking with oxidation resistance in air to about 1093 °C (2000 °F).
Is UNS N06600 the same as Inconel 600?
Yes. Both names describe the same material. Inconel® is a registered trademark of Special Metals Corporation. Alloy 600 and UNS N06600 are the generic designations used when the material is produced by anyone other than the trademark holder. Order to UNS N06600 with the applicable ASTM specification, and the trademark question does not arise.
Can UNS N06600 be age hardened or heat treated to higher strength?
No. UNS N06600 is a solid-solution alloy with no aluminium, titanium or niobium to form strengthening precipitates, so ageing has no effect on it. The routes to higher strength are cold work or a different alloy. Where a drawing specifies solution treatment plus ageing for UNS N06600, it is a specification error, usually carried over from a precipitation-hardening grade such as Alloy 718, Alloy X-750 or 17-4PH. The standard delivered condition for forgings is mill annealed at 1010–1120 °C.
What is the difference between mill annealed and thermally treated Alloy 600?
Mill annealed (MA) material is annealed at 1010–1120 °C and cooled. This is the standard condition for ASTM B564 forgings and is correct for most chemical, furnace and general engineering duty. Thermally treated (TT) material receives a high anneal followed by 704–732 °C for 10–15 hours. That cycle precipitates a semi-continuous grain-boundary carbide film and improves resistance to intergranular stress-corrosion cracking in hot caustic and high-purity water. Specify TT at enquiry stage, because it changes the production route and the price.
What is the maximum service temperature of UNS N06600?
For pressure-retaining parts, the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII Division 1 tabulates maximum allowable stresses for UNS N06600 to 649 °C (1200 °F). For non-pressure parts such as furnace fixtures and retorts, the limit is set by oxidation and by the applied load, and continuous service to about 1093 °C (2000 °F) in clean air is normal. The alloy must not be used above roughly 645 °C in sulfur-bearing atmospheres, where the nickel-sulfide eutectic causes rapid grain-boundary attack.
Does UNS N06600 resist chloride stress-corrosion cracking?
Yes. This is the property the alloy is usually selected for. Austenitic stainless steels crack in chloride environments above about 60 °C. Nickel contents above roughly 42% remove the susceptibility. At 72% nickel minimum, UNS N06600 is immune to chloride SCC at any temperature or concentration. It is therefore a standard choice for seawater, brine and chloride-bearing process streams.
What is the difference between Alloy 600 and Alloy 690?
Alloy 690 (UNS N06690) carries 27–31% chromium against 14–17% in UNS N06600. The extra chromium improves resistance to intergranular attack in hot caustic, in nitric-hydrofluoric mixtures and in the primary water of pressurised water reactors. Alloy 690 replaced Alloy 600 in nuclear steam generator tubing for that reason. In chloride service, dry chlorine and furnace hardware, UNS N06600 performs as well and costs less.
Is UNS N06600 magnetic?
No. UNS N06600 is austenitic and non-magnetic at room temperature, with a relative permeability of about 1.010 at 200 Oe. Its Curie temperature is around −124 °C (−192 °F), so the alloy only becomes ferromagnetic at cryogenic temperatures. Heavily cold-worked material may show a very slight response, but no heat treatment makes the alloy magnetic.
Can UNS N06600 be welded?
Yes. UNS N06600 is readily welded by GTAW, GMAW, SMAW and submerged arc. Filler metals are matched to the service. ERNiCr-3 (Filler Metal 82) and ENiCrFe-3 (Welding Electrode 182) are the common choices, with ERNiCrMo-3 used where the weld also sees reducing conditions. Post-weld heat treatment is not required for the alloy itself, although the design code or a hot-caustic duty may call for a stress relief or a thermal treatment. Keep sulfur, lead, zinc and other low-melting contaminants off the joint before welding.
How is UNS N06600 machined?
Like most nickel alloys it work hardens quickly, and it needs rigid setups, positive rake tooling, a generous depth of cut and heavy flood coolant. Light skim cuts glaze the surface and make the following pass harder, so take a full cut. Surface speeds are roughly one third of those used on 4140 steel. Machining allowance on our forgings is normally 6–20 mm per surface, which leaves the customer clean material below the forged skin.
What is the Werkstoff or DIN equivalent of UNS N06600?
W.Nr. 2.4816, DIN name NiCr15Fe. The other exact equivalents are ISO NW 6600, JIS NCF 600, BS NA 14, AFNOR NC15Fe and Chinese GB/T NS3102, with GH3600 used as the high-temperature designation. Russian KhN78T is the nearest match rather than an exact one. The German 2.4816 specification adds a carbon minimum and ceilings on aluminium, titanium, boron and phosphorus that ASTM B564 does not impose, so state which specification governs where you need both.
What sizes of UNS N06600 forgings can you supply?
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. forges seamless rolled rings from 200 to 3,000 mm outside diameter, round bars from 80 to 800 mm diameter and up to 6,000 mm long, discs and tube sheets to 2,500 mm diameter and 600 mm thick, and shafts and sleeves to 6,000 mm length, with unit weights to 10,000 kg. All of it is open-die work made to your drawing, so there is no tooling charge and no piece minimum.
Do you supply a material certificate with UNS N06600 forgings?
Yes. Every forging ships with an EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificate showing the heat number, chemical analysis, mechanical test results, heat treatment record and NDT results. EN 10204 3.2 certification witnessed by a third party such as TÜV, BV, LR, SGS or DNV is available on request at the time of order. Parts are hard stamped for traceability.
How long does a UNS N06600 forging take to produce?
Lead time depends on whether the grade is in raw stock and on the size of the forging. Simple rings, discs and bars from stock material normally run 25–40 days. Parts needing a new melt, ESR remelting, a low-cobalt heat, heavy machining or third-party witnessed inspection take longer. Send the drawing and we will confirm a firm date with the quotation.
Who supplies open-die forged UNS N06600 parts in China?
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory located at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China. It forges UNS N06600 (Alloy 600 / 2.4816) and other nickel alloys, stainless steels, tool steels, alloy steels and carbon steels into seamless rolled rings, flanges, round bars, discs, shafts, sleeves, bushings and tube sheets, and exports worldwide. Enquiries: sales@steelforgepieces.com or +86 189 2135 9659.
§16Request a quotation for UNS N06600 forgings
Send a drawing, a sketch, or just the dimensions
We quote open-die forgings in UNS N06600 with no tooling charge and no piece minimum. Useful details if you have them: grade and standard (UNS N06600 / Alloy 600 / ASTM B564), product form, dimensions with machining allowance, quantity, delivery condition (mill annealed or thermally treated), any cobalt restriction, NDT class, certificate type (EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2) and the required delivery date.
- Company
- Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.
- Business
- Open-die forging factory
- Address
- No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China
- Telephone / WhatsApp
- +86 189 2135 9659
- Website
- www.steelforgepieces.com