Nickel-chromium-iron-silicon alloy, Werkstoff 2.4889
UNS N06045 (Alloy 45TM) Forgings Forged to drawing in Jiangyin, China: rings, seamless rolled rings, flanges, shafts, discs, sleeves and tube sheets
- UNS
- N06045
- Werkstoff
- 2.4889
- Trade name
- Alloy 45TM
- Nickel
- 45 % min
- Chromium
- 26–29 %
- Silicon
- 2.5–3.0 %
- Max. service
- ≈1100 °C
- Forged weight
- 5 kg – 20 t
Summary
UNS N06045, sold under the trade name Alloy 45TM and designated Werkstoff 2.4889 (NiCr28FeSiCe), is a nickel-chromium-iron-silicon alloy containing a minimum of 45 % nickel, 26.0 to 29.0 % chromium, 21.0 to 25.0 % iron and 2.5 to 3.0 % silicon. A cerium addition of 0.03 to 0.09 % improves the adhesion of the protective oxide scale, which gives the grade its resistance to sulfidising, carburising and chlorine-bearing flue gas. Maximum service temperature is approximately 1100 °C (2010 °F).
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China. The works forges UNS N06045 to customer drawing in weights from 5 kg to 20 tonnes. Material is melted by EAF plus VOD or by ESR, solution annealed at 1100 to 1150 °C, ultrasonically tested to EN 10228-3, SEP 1921 or ASTM A388, and supplied with EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2 certification. Enquiries to sales@steelforgepieces.com or +86 189 2135 9659.
Metallurgy
What is UNS N06045 (Alloy 45TM)?
Heat-resistant alloys rely on a chromium oxide layer to protect the metal beneath it. In furnace gas that carries sulfur, chlorine or unburnt carbon, and where the temperature cycles, that layer cracks and flakes away. The exposed metal then corrodes quickly.
UNS N06045 addresses this in two ways. The silicon content of 2.5 to 3.0 % forms a silica layer below the chromia. The cerium addition of 0.03 to 0.09 % improves how well the scale bonds to the substrate, so it stays in place through repeated heating and cooling.
The grade is therefore specified for service in atmospheres that alternate between oxidising and reducing conditions. Typical installations are municipal waste incinerators, coal gasifiers, process furnaces fired on sour gas, and salt bath and carburising furnaces. In clean dry air at the same temperature a lower cost grade will normally perform adequately.
UNS N06045 work hardens quickly and has a narrow hot working range. It is more difficult to forge and slower to machine than austenitic stainless steel, For this reason it is usually bought as a finished or rough machined forging, not as bar stock for the customer's own machine shop.
Identification
Equivalent designations and governing standards
| System | Designation |
|---|---|
| UNS (USA) | N06045 |
| Werkstoff-Nr. (Germany) | 2.4889 |
| EN chemical designation | NiCr28FeSiCe |
| Trade names | Alloy 45TM, Nicrofer 45 TM, 45 TM |
| Variants seen in enquiries | UNS NO6045, N6045, Alloy 45 TM, Alloy45TM |
| Standard | Product form |
|---|---|
| ASTM B564 | Nickel alloy forgings, the primary specification for forged UNS N06045 |
| ASTM B462 | Forged or rolled pipe flanges, forged fittings, valves and parts for corrosive high-temperature service |
| ASTM B166 | Rod, bar and wire |
| ASTM B167 | Seamless pipe and tube |
| ASTM B168 | Plate, sheet and strip |
| ASTM B516 / B517 / B546 | Welded tube, welded pipe and fusion-welded pipe |
| VdTÜV 508 | German pressure-equipment material sheet for 2.4889 |
Ordering: for a forged part, state ASTM B564 UNS N06045 on the order, or ASTM B462 for flanges and valve parts, together with the delivery condition and the ultrasonic acceptance class. An order that states only "Alloy 45TM" leaves the test scope undefined.
Data
Chemical composition of UNS N06045
| Element | Symbol | Min % | Max % | Function |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nickel | Ni | 45.0 | bal. | Austenite stabiliser, base corrosion resistance |
| Chromium | Cr | 26.0 | 29.0 | Forms the protective Cr₂O₃ scale |
| Iron | Fe | 21.0 | 25.0 | Balance element |
| Silicon | Si | 2.5 | 3.0 | Silica sub-layer, sulfidation resistance |
| Carbon | C | 0.05 | 0.12 | Carbide strengthening at temperature |
| Cerium | Ce | 0.03 | 0.09 | Reactive element, improves scale adhesion |
| Manganese | Mn | — | 1.0 | Deoxidiser |
| Copper | Cu | — | 0.3 | Residual |
| Aluminium | Al | — | 0.2 | Residual, deoxidiser |
| Phosphorus | P | — | 0.020 | Controlled impurity |
| Sulfur | S | — | 0.010 | Controlled impurity, hot workability |
Melting route: UNS N06045 is melted by EAF plus VOD, or by ESR where the drawing calls for tighter cleanliness and reduced segregation. ESR is normally used for large rings, thick tube sheets and any part with a demanding ultrasonic acceptance class.
Data
Mechanical and physical properties
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile strength, Rm | ≥ 640 MPa (typ. 690) | ≥ 93 ksi (typ. 100) |
| Yield strength, Rp0.2 | ≥ 270 MPa | ≥ 39 ksi |
| Elongation, A5 | ≥ 30 % (typ. 37) | ≥ 30 % (typ. 37) |
| Hardness | ≤ 200 HB typical | ≤ 93 HRB typical |
| Elastic modulus, E | 200 GPa | 29 × 10⁶ psi |
| Shear modulus, G | 77 GPa | 11 × 10⁶ psi |
| Poisson's ratio | 0.28 | 0.28 |
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 8.0 g/cm³ | 0.289 lb/in³ |
| Melting range | 1300 – 1350 °C | 2370 – 2460 °F |
| Specific heat (20 °C) | 480 J/(kg·K) | 0.115 Btu/(lb·°F) |
| Mean thermal expansion | ≈ 13 µm/(m·K) | ≈ 7.2 µin/(in·°F) |
| Max. oxidation service temp. | ≈ 1100 °C | ≈ 2010 °F |
| Max. load-bearing service temp. | ≈ 1010 °C | ≈ 1850 °F |
| Service in incineration atmospheres to | 850 °C | 1560 °F |
Note on the values above. These figures are typical for the solution annealed condition and are intended for preliminary sizing. Guaranteed minimum values for a given order are those of the governing ASTM specification at the agreed test location and orientation. The contractual values are those recorded on the mill test certificate for the heat supplied. Send the drawing and we will confirm what can be held on your section thickness.
Capability
UNS N06045 forged product forms and sizes
All parts are forged to the customer's drawing. There is no standard catalogue and no tooling charge for open-die work.
| Product form | Size range | Typical use |
|---|---|---|
| Seamless rolled rings | OD 200 – 3000 mm | Furnace and kiln retaining rings, flange blanks |
| Forged rings | OD up to 2500 mm | Valve seat rings, wear rings, spacer rings |
| Forged flanges | DN 15 – DN 1200 | High-temperature process piping to ASTM B462 |
| Round bars | Ø 30 – 800 mm | Shafts, spindles, stems, machining stock |
| Shafts and spindles | Length up to 6000 mm | Kiln and conveyor drives, fan shafts |
| Discs and blanks | Ø up to 2500 mm | Gear blanks, cover plates, closure heads |
| Tube sheets | Ø up to 2500 mm | Heat exchangers in sulfidising media |
| Sleeves and bushings | OD up to 1500 mm | Burner and lance components |
| Valve bodies and blocks | To drawing | Ball, gate, globe, check and plug valves |
| Nozzles and forged blocks | To drawing | Burners, injectors, wellhead components |
Forged weight ranges from 5 kg to 20,000 kg. Delivery condition may be as forged with machining allowance, rough machined to a proof-machined envelope, or finish machined to drawing. Sizes and geometries outside the ranges listed above are reviewed against the drawing.
Process
Forging and heat treatment of UNS N06045
Hot working
Forging is carried out between approximately 1180 °C and 950 °C. The working range is narrow and the alloy work hardens quickly, so parts are returned to the furnace and reheated once the finishing temperature is reached. Reduction is planned so that the cast structure is closed through the full section.
Solution annealing
After forging, parts are solution annealed at 1100 to 1150 °C and cooled rapidly. Rapid cooling through the sensitisation range preserves corrosion resistance. Slow furnace cooling reduces it.
Non-destructive testing
Ultrasonic testing to EN 10228-3, SEP 1921 or ASTM A388, to the acceptance class stated on the order. Dye penetrant testing to ASTM E165 and dimensional inspection are performed as standard on machined parts.
Certification
EN 10204 3.1 as standard, covering heat chemistry, mechanical results, heat treatment record, dimensional report and ultrasonic test result. EN 10204 3.2 counter-signed by SGS, BV, TÜV or Lloyd's Register on request. Positive material identification is available before shipment.
Machining guidance. Use rigid setups and sharp positive rake carbide tooling. Run a low surface speed with a heavy positive feed and flood coolant. Do not let the tool dwell in the cut. A rubbing tool glazes the surface, and the following pass then has to cut work hardened material. Metal removal rates are typically about one third of those achieved on 304 stainless steel.
Applications
UNS N06045 applications
Waste-to-energy and thermal waste treatment
Superheater and evaporator supports, fluidised bed combustion internals, pyrolysis rotary kiln components, and grate and hanger parts for household and specialised waste incineration, including hydrogenating treatment of plastic waste. Chlorine and sulfur levels are high in this service and thermal cycling is severe, which is where the grade is most often specified.
Coal gasification and energy technology
Heat exchanger tube sheets, pipework transitions and burner components in gasifier service, where the gas alternates between reducing and oxidising conditions.
Chemical process furnaces
Process furnace internals for strongly sulfidising or carburising duty, burner components firing sulfur-bearing fuels, and heat exchangers handling sulfidising or carburising media.
Heat treatment and industrial furnaces
Salt bath furnace tanks, baskets, supports and internal fixtures; gas carburising furnace shells and linings; conveyor belts, muffles, radiant tubes and burner parts in furnaces with aggressive gaseous reaction products.
Valves and high-temperature flow control
Forged valve bodies, seat rings, stems, wedges and valve blocks for ball, gate, globe, check, strainer and plug valves in hot corrosive service.
Oil, gas and rotating equipment
Subsea and deepwater production components, wellhead and Christmas tree parts, industrial air compressor and nitrogen generator components, and shafts, spindles and gear blanks in power transmission and turbine service.
Selection
UNS N06045 compared with similar alloys
The table below covers the grades most often considered alongside UNS N06045 when selecting material for high-temperature service.
| Alloy | Ni % | Cr % | Si % | Specified for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UNS N06045 (Alloy 45TM) | 45 min | 26–29 | 2.5–3.0 | Sulfidation, carburisation and chlorine attack in dirty flue gas; scale adhesion under thermal cycling |
| UNS N08810 (Incoloy 800H) | 30–35 | 19–23 | ≤ 1.0 | Creep strength in code-stamped pressure equipment; clean oxidising service |
| UNS N06025 (Alloy 602 CA) | bal. | 24–26 | ≤ 0.5 | Oxidation and carburisation resistance to approximately 1200 °C, at higher cost than 45TM |
| UNS N08330 (Alloy 330) | 34–37 | 17–20 | 0.75–1.5 | General heat resistance at lower cost, with less capability in sulfur-bearing gas |
| UNS S30815 (253 MA) | 10–12 | 20–22 | 1.4–2.0 | Cost-driven oxidation resistance; iron-based, well below 45TM in aggressive media |
Values are indicative and should be confirmed against the governing standard. Related grades forged here include Incoloy 800H, Incoloy 800HT, Inconel 601, Inconel 617 and Haynes 230.
Request a quotation
Send a drawing for a UNS N06045 forging
A 2D PDF or a STEP file is sufficient; a full 3D model is not required. Where no drawing exists yet, rough dimensions and a description of the service conditions are enough for a budget price. A quotation is normally returned within one working day.
To receive a complete quotation, include:
- Drawing or rough dimensions, and quantity
- Governing standard, for example ASTM B564 UNS N06045
- Certification level, EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2
- Ultrasonic acceptance class, EN 10228-3, SEP 1921 or ASTM A388
- Delivery condition: as forged, rough machined or finish machined
FAQ
UNS N06045 frequently asked questions
What is UNS N06045?
UNS N06045 is a nickel-chromium-iron-silicon alloy, sold under the trade name Alloy 45TM and designated Werkstoff 2.4889 in Europe. It contains a minimum of 45 % nickel, 26.0 to 29.0 % chromium, 21.0 to 25.0 % iron and 2.5 to 3.0 % silicon. A cerium addition of 0.03 to 0.09 % improves the adhesion of the protective oxide scale, so the alloy holds up in sulfidising, carburising and chloride-bearing flue gas where standard heat-resistant grades lose their scale. Maximum service temperature is around 1100 °C.
What are the equivalent designations for UNS N06045?
UNS N06045 is equivalent to Alloy 45TM, Werkstoff number 2.4889, the EN chemical designation NiCr28FeSiCe and the trade name Nicrofer 45 TM. It also appears in enquiries as Alloy 45 TM, 45TM or UNS NO6045. All refer to the same nickel-chromium-iron-silicon composition.
What is the maximum service temperature of UNS N06045?
UNS N06045 is normally rated for continuous oxidation resistance to about 1100 °C (2010 °F). Where the component carries mechanical load the practical limit drops to around 1010 °C (1850 °F) because creep governs. In waste incineration atmospheres the alloy performs well up to about 850 °C (1560 °F). The limit that applies to a given part depends on stress, atmosphere and required design life.
Which ASTM standards cover UNS N06045 forgings?
For forged products the relevant specifications are ASTM B564 (Nickel Alloy Forgings) and ASTM B462 (Forged or Rolled Alloy Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves and Parts for Corrosive High-Temperature Service). Both list UNS N06045. Other product forms are covered by ASTM B166 for rod, bar and wire, ASTM B167 for seamless pipe and tube, and ASTM B168 for plate, sheet and strip. In Europe the grade is covered by VdTÜV Werkstoffblatt 508 for 2.4889.
Is UNS N06045 difficult to forge and machine?
Yes. UNS N06045 work hardens quickly and has a narrow hot working range, which makes it harder to shape than austenitic stainless steel. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. forges the grade between about 1180 and 950 °C, reheating rather than continuing below the finishing temperature, and solution anneals at 1100 to 1150 °C with rapid cooling. For machining, use rigid setups with sharp positive rake carbide tooling, a low surface speed and a heavy positive feed, and do not let the tool dwell in the cut, because a rubbing tool glazes the surface and work hardens it.
Who manufactures UNS N06045 open-die forgings?
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory that manufactures UNS N06045 (Alloy 45TM) forgings to customer drawing. The works is located at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China. Product forms include forged rings, seamless rolled rings, flanges, round bars, shafts, discs, sleeves, bushings, tube sheets, valve bodies and seat rings, in weights from 5 kg to 20 tonnes. Enquiries: sales@steelforgepieces.com or +86 189 2135 9659.
What sizes and weights can be forged in UNS N06045?
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. forges UNS N06045 parts from 5 kg to 20,000 kg. Seamless rolled rings are produced up to 3,000 mm outside diameter, round bars from 30 mm to 800 mm diameter, and discs and tube sheets up to 2,500 mm diameter. Sizes and geometries outside these ranges are reviewed against the drawing.
What is the difference between UNS N06045 and Incoloy 800H?
The two grades are optimised for different duties. Incoloy 800H (UNS N08810) contains 30 to 35 % nickel and 19 to 23 % chromium and is specified for creep strength in code-stamped pressure equipment. UNS N06045 contains a minimum of 45 % nickel, 26 to 29 % chromium and 2.5 to 3.0 % silicon with a cerium addition, and is specified for corrosion resistance in sulfur-bearing and chlorine-bearing high-temperature gas. In clean oxidising service at moderate temperature, 800H is usually the lower cost option. In waste incineration, coal gasification and sour-fuel firing, UNS N06045 gives longer service life.
What certification is supplied with UNS N06045 forgings?
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. supplies UNS N06045 forgings with an EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificate as standard, covering heat chemistry, mechanical test results, heat treatment record, dimensional report and ultrasonic test result. EN 10204 3.2 certification counter-signed by a third-party inspection body such as SGS, BV, TÜV or Lloyd's Register is available on request. Ultrasonic testing is carried out to EN 10228-3, SEP 1921 or ASTM A388 according to the acceptance class stated on the order.
How do I request a quotation for a UNS N06045 forging?
Send the drawing or the rough dimensions to sales@steelforgepieces.com with the quantity, the governing standard, the required certification level, the ultrasonic acceptance class and the delivery condition. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. returns a price and lead time within one working day in most cases. A 2D PDF or a STEP file is sufficient; a full 3D model is not required.
Manufacturer
About Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, China. The works produces forged rings, seamless rolled rings, flanges, shafts, discs, sleeves, bushings and tube sheets in carbon steel, alloy steel, tool steel, stainless steel and nickel alloys, including UNS N06045 (Alloy 45TM) and the Inconel, Incoloy, Hastelloy, Monel and Nimonic families. All work is produced to customer drawing, released against EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2 certification, and exported worldwide.
- Company
- Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.
- Type
- Open-die forging factory
- Address
- No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China
- Phone
- +86 189 2135 9659
- sales@steelforgepieces.com
- Website
- www.steelforgepieces.com
- Capability
- Open-die forging and seamless ring rolling, 5 kg to 20 t; EAF plus VOD and ESR melting; solution annealing; ultrasonic testing to EN 10228-3, SEP 1921 and ASTM A388
Cite this page: "UNS N06045 (Alloy 45TM) Forgings — Rings, Flanges, Bars",
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Nickel-Alloy/UNS-N06045.html
Technical data reviewed .
Composition and property limits are stated per ASTM B166, B168 and B564. Values for a specific order are those recorded on the mill test certificate.