Nickel Alloy · Nickel-Chromium-Iron · Solid-Solution Strengthened

NCF 600 / UNS N06600 / W.Nr. 2.4816 Forging Parts

🇯🇵 Japan

NCF 600
JIS G4901/G4902

🇺🇸 USA

UNS N06600
ASTM B564 · B166

🇪🇺 Europe

2.4816
NiCr15Fe

🇬🇧 UK

NA14
BS 3072–3076

🇨🇳 China

NS3102
GB/T 15007

📜 Trade name

Inconel® 600
Alloy 600

Published: 18 May 2016  |  Last updated: 22 August 2026  |  Technically reviewed by the Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. Metallurgical Engineering Team

UNS

N06600

Werkstoff

2.4816

JIS

NCF 600

Ni + Co

72wt % min

Chromium

14–17wt %

Density

8.47g/cm³

Tensile

550MPa min

Max service

1093°C

What is NCF 600 (UNS N06600)?

NCF 600 is a nickel-chromium-iron alloy of nominally 76% nickel, 15.5% chromium and 8% iron, specified in Japan under JIS G4901 (bars), G4902 (plate and sheet), G4903 (seamless pipe) and G4904 (heat exchanger tubes), and identical in chemistry to UNS N06600 and W.Nr. 2.4816. It was the first commercial nickel alloy developed to bridge the gap between nickel 200 and the austenitic stainless steels, and it has remained in production since the 1930s largely unchanged.

The composition explains the behaviour. The high nickel base gives resistance to reducing conditions and, critically, moves the alloy out of the composition window where chloride-ion stress corrosion cracking occurs, the failure mode that limits austenitic stainless steel in hot chloride service. The 15.5% chromium adds resistance to oxidising conditions and forms the protective Cr₂O₃ scale that carries the alloy to high temperature. The iron is a controlled residual from the melting stock rather than a deliberate strengthening addition, which is why the specification writes it as a range rather than a target.

Three things follow from that composition, and between them they cover most of what an engineer has to decide about this grade.

• It cannot be hardened by heat treatment. There is no significant aluminium, titanium or niobium in the chemistry, so there is no gamma-prime precipitation and no ageing response. There is also no martensitic transformation. Strength comes from solid solution and from grain size, and the only way to raise it is cold work, which is lost the next time the part is annealed or heated in service. A drawing calling for “solution treatment plus ageing” on NCF 600 has confused it with an age-hardenable grade such as NCF 750 / Inconel X-750 or Alloy 718.
• Chloride SCC resistance is the reason to buy it, but SCC immunity is not. NCF 600 is effectively immune to chloride-ion cracking. It is not immune to caustic stress corrosion cracking in concentrated hot alkali, nor to primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) in high-purity high-temperature water. The second of these is why Alloy 690 displaced it in pressurised water reactor service. Treating “stress corrosion cracking resistant” as an unqualified property is the most expensive mistake made with this alloy.
• The high-temperature rating is atmosphere-dependent. The widely quoted 1093 °C (2000 °F) figure applies to clean oxidising air with no load. Sulfur in the atmosphere caps the alloy near 600 °C because nickel-sulfide eutectics melt at the grain boundaries. Carburising and nitriding atmospheres cap it near 900 °C. A load-bearing part is usually creep-limited at 650–815 °C, far below either.

NCF 600 forgings: supplier quick facts

Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, China, producing NCF 600 (UNS N06600 / W.Nr. 2.4816 / NiCr15Fe) forged rings, seamless rolled rings, flanges, shafts, discs, sleeves, bushings, tube sheets, valve components and bars to customer drawings.

What NCF 600 forged products are available?

Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal produces NCF 600 through three routes, selected by geometry and quantity. Open-die forging covers long shafts, blocks, tube sheets and large discs, and is used wherever single-piece size matters more than repeatability. Seamless ring rolling produces rings from 200 mm to 2,500 mm outside diameter and is the normal choice for flange blanks, vessel courses, tube-sheet rings and retort flanges. Near-net-shape forging is used where the die profile removes 30–50% of the rough machining. That saving is worth more on NCF 600 than on most grades, because the alloy is expensive per kilogram and slow to machine.

One route-selection point is specific to nickel alloys. NCF 600 has no phase transformation to refine the grain after forging, so grain structure is set by deformation and by the anneal, not by heat treatment alone. A ring machined from plate carries the plate's directional structure into a hoop-loaded part; a rolled ring carries continuous circumferential grain flow. Where the part sees hoop stress, thermal cycling or a corrosive medium at a machined face, specify the forged route rather than accepting a machined-from-solid substitute.

• Seamless rolled rings
• Forged rings
• Forged flanges
• Forged round bars
• Forged flat bars & blocks
• Forged discs & blanks
• Forged shafts & spindles
• Forged sleeves & bushings
• Forged tube sheets
• Forged tubes & hollows
• Forged valve bodies & stems
• Forged nozzles
• Forged gear blanks
• Near-net-shape parts

Sizes above are the manufacturing envelope, not a stock list. Every NCF 600 piece is forged to order against the customer's drawing. Send dimensions or a drawing to sales@steelforgepieces.com for a quotation within 24 hours.

What are the equivalent designations of NCF 600?

Engineers arrive at this grade under at least a dozen names, depending on the standards body, the producer and the decade the drawing was issued. Every designation in the table below refers to the same nominal Ni-Cr-Fe chemistry. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. accepts purchase orders under all of them and supplies material certified to UNS N06600 / ASTM B564 with the equivalents cross-listed on the certificate.

What is the chemical composition of NCF 600?

The composition below reflects ASTM B564 / ASTM B166 practice for UNS N06600, which is aligned with JIS G4901 NCF 600 and with W.Nr. 2.4816. The chemistry is deliberately simple: nickel and chromium do the work, iron is tolerated within a band, and everything else is held low because residuals either embrittle the alloy during forging or degrade the protective oxide.

Cobalt is reported with nickel in the ASTM specification. For nuclear and some aerospace orders a separate cobalt cap (commonly 0.10% max) is imposed to limit activation; state this at RFQ stage, since it restricts which heats can be used.

What are the physical properties of NCF 600?

Data notes. Density, melting range, expansion coefficient and conductivity are well established for this chemistry and may be used directly for design screening. Values marked “typical” vary with heat, section size and condition. Where any physical value is contractually important, state it on the purchase order and Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. will report the measured result on the material certificate.

What are the mechanical properties of NCF 600 forgings?

NCF 600 has modest room-temperature strength by nickel-alloy standards. It is bought for corrosion and temperature performance, not for load capacity, and a design that needs both should be checked against Alloy 625 or an age-hardenable grade before the material is committed.

How does NCF 600 behave at high temperature?

Above roughly 540 °C, strength falls steadily and time-dependent deformation takes over from yield as the design criterion. The table below gives short-term tensile properties for screening; for any part that carries load for thousands of hours, design against the creep and stress-rupture data, not against these numbers.

Values are typical for annealed bar and forgings and are given for screening only. They are not code-allowable stresses. For ASME-coded equipment, use the allowable stress values tabulated in ASME BPVC Section II Part D for SB-564 UNS N06600 at the design temperature.

What is NCF 600 resistant to?

NCF 600 sits between nickel 200 and the austenitic stainless steels. Its nickel gives resistance to reducing media, its chromium to oxidising media, and the combination covers a wider span than either parent. It is not a universal alloy: it lacks molybdenum, so it has only moderate pitting and crevice resistance in stagnant chlorides, and it is attacked rapidly by hot oxidising acids.

Corrosion behaviour depends on concentration, temperature, aeration, velocity, contaminants and the stress state of the part. Ratings above are a screening guide, not a substitute for testing in the actual process stream.

Stress corrosion cracking: what NCF 600 resists, and what it does not

NCF 600 is effectively immune to chloride-ion stress corrosion cracking, and that is why it exists. It is not immune to stress corrosion cracking in general. Two mechanisms attack it, both well documented, and both have caused expensive field failures because the alloy was specified on the strength of the chloride result alone.

Caustic stress corrosion cracking

In concentrated hot sodium or potassium hydroxide, NCF 600 can crack intergranularly. The risk rises steeply with alkali concentration, temperature and tensile stress, and the practical danger is local concentration by evaporation: a bulk solution at 20% NaOH can concentrate to 50%+ under a deposit, at a crevice, or on a heat-transfer surface where boiling occurs. Mitigation is a combination of stress relief at 870–900 °C after forming and welding, avoidance of crevices and deposits, and, where the duty is severe, moving to Alloy 690.

Primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC)

In high-purity, high-temperature water of the kind circulating in a pressurised water reactor primary circuit, Alloy 600 cracks intergranularly under sustained tensile stress. The mechanism was identified in the 1970s and produced decades of steam-generator tube degradation, control-rod-drive-mechanism nozzle leaks and reactor-vessel-head penetration cracking across the world fleet. The industry response was to raise chromium: Alloy 690, at 27–31% Cr, replaced Alloy 600 for essentially all new nuclear primary-circuit applications.

Susceptibility depends strongly on the grain-boundary carbide structure produced by heat treatment. Material given a thermal treatment, meaning a hold near 700–720 °C after solution annealing that precipitates a semi-continuous chromium-carbide network at the grain boundaries, performs markedly better than mill-annealed material. This is the origin of the designations Alloy 600MA (mill annealed) and Alloy 600TT (thermally treated). If your application involves high-purity water above about 290 °C, the condition on the purchase order is not a detail.

NCF 600 vs NCF 601, Alloy 625, Alloy 690, Alloy 800H and Alloy 825

These six grades cover most of the nickel-alloy decisions an engineer faces. The table is the practical selection chart: find the constraint that actually governs your part, whether temperature, chloride, acid, caustic, strength or cost, and the grade follows.

How is NCF 600 forged and heat treated?

Forging

NCF 600 is heated to 1200–1230 °C and hot worked between roughly 1230 °C and 870 °C. Heavy reductions such as cogging, upsetting and piercing are taken above 1040 °C where the alloy is at its most workable. The last blows are made below 1040 °C deliberately, because finishing hot leaves a coarse grain that no subsequent heat treatment can refine: NCF 600 has no phase transformation, so grain size is set by the amount of work put in below the recrystallisation temperature and by the anneal that follows. Forging is stopped near 870 °C because the alloy stiffens sharply below that and further blows crack rather than deform.

Two practices matter more on this grade than on steel. First, fuel and die lubricant must be low in sulfur: sulfur diffuses into the grain boundaries of high-nickel alloys and forms low-melting nickel-sulfide eutectics that tear the piece open in the press. Furnaces are run neutral to slightly reducing, and oil-fired furnaces need sulfur-free fuel. Second, a forging reduction of at least 4:1 from the ingot is used to break down the as-cast dendritic structure; ESR ingots reach a sound structure with less work than air-melted ones, which is one reason we specify ESR for demanding orders.

For seamless rolled rings, the forged billet is upset, pierced and expanded on a radial-axial ring mill so that grain flow follows the circumference. This is the structural reason a rolled NCF 600 ring outperforms a ring machined from plate under hoop stress and under thermal cycling.

Heat treatment

Three treatments are used, and they produce genuinely different material. Which one you get is decided by the purchase order, not by the mill.

1. MeltEAF + VOD + ESR
   S ≤ 0.015%, full analysis
2. Heat1200–1230 °C
   sulfur-free fuel
3. ForgeHeavy work > 1040 °C
   finish 1040–870 °C
4. Ring rollRadial-axial mill
   circumferential grain flow
5. AnnealMA 870–1010 °C or
   SA 1010–1120 °C, quench
6. Thermal treat700–720 °C / 10–20 h
   only if TT specified
7. MachineRough, then stress relieve
   870–900 °C, then finish
8. Test & certifyUT, tensile, chemistry
   EN 10204 3.1 / 3.2

How do you machine and weld NCF 600?

Machining

NCF 600 is harder to machine than austenitic stainless steel and much harder than carbon steel. It work hardens rapidly under a rubbing tool, its thermal conductivity of 14.9 W/m·K keeps heat at the cutting edge instead of carrying it away in the chip, and it produces long stringy chips that weld to the tool. Roughly 12–20% of the machinability of free-machining steel is a reasonable planning assumption.

• Sharp, positive-rake carbide tooling. Replace the insert at the first sign of edge rounding rather than running it out. A dulling tool rubs, and rubbing is what work-hardens the surface.
• Turning at roughly 15–30 m/min with coated carbide; heavy, positive, uninterrupted feed of 0.15–0.40 mm/rev. Light feeds are the classic mistake: they skate on the hardened layer instead of cutting under it.
• Never dwell. A tool that stops feeding while still in contact glazes the surface and work-hardens a layer the next pass has to cut through.
• Rigid setups, minimum overhang, generous flood coolant. Chlorinated cutting oils give good tool life but must be fully removed before heat treatment or service, since residual chloride and sulfur cause cracking.
• Leave 2–4 mm of stock after roughing, apply a stress relief at 870–900 °C, then finish with light depths of cut. On parts destined for caustic or pure-water service this intermediate relief is not optional.

Welding

NCF 600 welds readily by GTAW, GMAW, SMAW, plasma and electron beam. Filler is normally ERNiCr-3 (Alloy 82) for GTAW and GMAW, or ENiCrFe-3 (Alloy 182) electrodes for SMAW; Alloy 82 is generally preferred where corrosion performance matters, since Alloy 182 has been associated with weld-metal cracking in primary-water service. Preheat is not required. Interpass temperature is held below about 150 °C and heat input is kept low, because high-nickel weld pools are sluggish and prone to centreline cracking when overheated.

Joint preparation must be scrupulously clean. Sulfur, phosphorus, lead, zinc and low-melting-point contamination from marker pens, thermal-cutting residue, grease or galvanised fixtures all cause hot cracking in nickel alloys. Degrease, then wire-brush with a dedicated stainless brush, and keep the joint clean between passes. Where the assembly enters caustic or high-purity water service, a post-weld stress relief at 870–900 °C should be specified, since as-welded residual stress does more than anything else to start SCC.

Where is NCF 600 used?

Every application below rests on one of three properties: resistance to chloride SCC, survival in halogen gas at temperature, or oxidation resistance in clean air near 1000 °C.

NCF 600 production capability at Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal

Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. operates an open-die forging and ring-rolling plant at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China, employing approximately 460 people including 9 senior engineers, 32 intermediate engineers and 140 skilled technicians. NCF 600 is produced alongside the rest of our nickel-alloy range on the same equipment used for Alloy 601, 625, 690, 800H, 825 and the Monel and Hastelloy grades.

Standards, testing and certification

NCF 600 orders at Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. are produced and certified against the specifications below. For forgings the chemistry and property specification is normally ASTM B564 / ASME SB-564 or JIS G4901; the inspection-document type is normally EN 10204 3.1.

• ASTM B564
• ASTM B166
• ASTM B168
• ASTM B167
• ASTM B366
• ASME SB-564
• ASME SB-166
• JIS G4901
• JIS G4902
• JIS G4903
• JIS G4904
• UNS N06600
• W.Nr. 2.4816
• DIN 17742 / 17750 / 17752
• BS 3072–3076 NA14
• AMS 5665
• AMS 5687
• EN 10204 3.1
• EN 10204 3.2
• EN 10228-3 (UT)
• SEP 1921 (UT)
• ASTM A388 (UT)
• ASTM E112 (grain size)
• ASTM G28 (IGC)
• NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156
• PED 2014/68/EU
• ISO 9001:2015

What appears on the certificate

• Heat number, with full ladle and product chemical analysis
• Melting route (EAF + VOD + ESR, or VIM + VAR where specified)
• Mechanical test results (tensile, 0.2% yield, elongation, reduction of area, hardness) on coupons from the delivered heat
• Heat-treatment records: anneal temperature, hold time, atmosphere and cooling method, plus the thermal-treatment or stress-relief cycle where applied
• Grain size to ASTM E112 where ordered, and carbide morphology where thermal treatment is specified
• Ultrasonic examination report to the ordered standard and acceptance class
• Dimensional inspection report
• Intergranular corrosion test to ASTM G28 on request
• Cross-listed equivalent designations (NCF 600 / UNS N06600 / W.Nr. 2.4816 / NiCr15Fe / NA14 / NS3102)

Quality gates and non-conformance handling

Every NCF 600 order passes six mandatory hold points at which production cannot continue without QA sign-off: raw-material chemistry verification, forging temperature compliance, post-forging ultrasonic examination, heat-treatment chart approval, mechanical test acceptance, and final NDE plus dimensional inspection. Customer-witnessed hold points can be added at no charge. Any out-of-specification finding raises a formal non-conformance report within 24 hours, with root-cause analysis inside five working days and the proposed disposition sent to the customer before any rework is carried out.

How to specify an NCF 600 forging order

NCF 600 carries one specification decision that most grades do not: the heat-treatment condition changes the material's behaviour more than any dimension on the drawing does. Mill annealed, solution annealed and thermally treated NCF 600 all meet the same chemistry and all are correctly described as NCF 600, but they have different grain sizes, different strengths and, critically, different stress corrosion cracking resistance. The steps below remove the ambiguity that causes most disputes on this grade.

1. Name the grade“NCF 600 / UNS N06600 / ASTM B564”. Avoid brand names alone
2. State the conditionMA, SA or SA + TT. This is not optional on this grade
3. Send the drawingDimensions, tolerances, machining allowance, grain-flow direction
4. Define the environmentMedium, concentration, temperature, stress. Governs SCC risk
5. Define NDEUT to EN 10228-3, SEP 1921 or ASTM A388 with acceptance class
6. Specify certificationEN 10204 3.1 or 3.2; name the third party for 3.2
7. Name any codeASME SB-564, PED, NORSOK, NACE MR0175 if applicable
8. Quantity & deliveryPieces, target date, port, Incoterms

Recommended drawing callout

Top 10 mistakes when ordering NCF 600 forgings

1. Specifying “solution treatment and ageing”. NCF 600 is solid-solution strengthened and has no ageing response. This callout is copied from age-hardenable grades and produces either a rejected order or, worse, a supplier who quietly ignores it. If you need precipitation hardening, the grade is NCF 750 or Alloy 718, not NCF 600.
2. Treating “SCC resistant” as unqualified. The alloy resists chloride SCC. It is susceptible to caustic SCC and to PWSCC in high-purity water. Always name the actual medium.
3. Leaving the heat-treatment condition unstated. MA, SA and TT are all “annealed NCF 600” and behave differently. Whichever you do not specify is the one you will receive.
4. Assuming 1093 °C applies to your part. That figure is for unloaded parts in clean oxidising air. Sulfur caps it near 600 °C, carburising near 900 °C, and creep caps load-bearing parts at 650–815 °C.
5. Confusing dry HCl with aqueous HCl. NCF 600 is excellent in dry chlorine and HCl gas to about 540 °C and only fair in aqueous hydrochloric acid. These are opposite conclusions from the same two letters.
6. Using it in seawater or stagnant chlorides. There is no molybdenum in the chemistry, so pitting and crevice resistance is only fair. Alloy 625 or 825 is the right answer.
7. Accepting a ring machined from plate. A rolled ring has continuous circumferential grain flow; a machined ring does not. Under hoop stress and thermal cycling the difference shows.
8. Skipping the post-machining stress relief. Residual machining stress is a primary driver of SCC initiation in caustic and pure-water service. Rough, relieve at 870–900 °C, then finish.
9. Ignoring the cobalt limit. Nuclear and some aerospace orders cap cobalt at 0.10% for activation reasons. Standard ASTM chemistry reports Ni + Co together and does not enforce this. State it if you need it.
10. Welding with the wrong filler or a dirty joint. Use ERNiCr-3 (Alloy 82) rather than a stainless filler, and remove every trace of sulfur, lead, zinc and marker ink before striking an arc. Nickel alloys hot-crack on contamination that carbon steel tolerates.

Glossary

NCF 600

The Japanese Industrial Standard designation for the nickel-chromium-iron alloy of ≥ 72% Ni + Co, 14–17% Cr and 6–10% Fe. Appears in JIS G4901 (bar), G4902 (plate), G4903 (pipe) and G4904 (tube). Identical chemistry to UNS N06600 and W.Nr. 2.4816.

UNS N06600

Unified Numbering System designation for the Alloy 600 chemistry. The generic, brand-free name to use on purchase orders.

ASTM B564

Standard Specification for Nickel Alloy Forgings. The primary specification for forged NCF 600, adopted into the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code as SB-564.

Solid-solution strengthening

Strengthening produced by dissolved alloying elements distorting the crystal lattice, as distinct from precipitation hardening. It is the only strengthening mechanism available in NCF 600, and it is why the alloy cannot be age hardened.

Mill annealed (MA)

NCF 600 annealed at 870–1010 °C and rapidly cooled. Fine grain, highest room-temperature yield strength, best aqueous corrosion behaviour. The default supply condition.

Solution annealed (SA)

NCF 600 annealed at 1010–1120 °C and rapidly cooled. Coarser grain, lower room-temperature yield, better creep and stress-rupture life. Specified for high-temperature load-bearing parts.

Thermal treatment (TT)

A hold at 700–720 °C for 10–20 hours after solution annealing, which precipitates a semi-continuous chromium-carbide network at the grain boundaries and markedly improves resistance to primary water and caustic stress corrosion cracking. Produces the “600TT” condition.

Sensitisation

Precipitation of chromium carbides (Cr₂₃C₆) at grain boundaries during prolonged exposure between roughly 540 and 760 °C, leaving chromium-depleted zones adjacent to the boundaries and reducing local aqueous corrosion resistance.

Chloride stress corrosion cracking

Cracking of a metal under the combined action of tensile stress and a chloride-bearing environment. It is the failure mode that limits austenitic stainless steel in hot chloride service, and NCF 600 is effectively immune to it.

PWSCC

Primary water stress corrosion cracking. Intergranular cracking of Alloy 600 under sustained tensile stress in the high-purity, high-temperature water of a pressurised water reactor primary circuit. The reason Alloy 690 replaced Alloy 600 in nuclear service.

Caustic stress corrosion cracking

Intergranular cracking in concentrated hot sodium or potassium hydroxide. The practical hazard is local concentration of alkali by evaporation under deposits or at crevices, rather than the bulk concentration.

Hot shortness

Loss of ductility at forging temperature, in nickel alloys caused by low-melting nickel-sulfide eutectics at the grain boundaries. It is why sulfur is capped at 0.015% and why sulfur-free fuel and lubricant are required.

ESR

Electroslag remelting. A secondary melting process that refines inclusion content and produces a directionally solidified ingot suited to forging and to tight ultrasonic acceptance classes.

VOD

Vacuum oxygen decarburisation. A secondary refining step that lowers carbon and dissolved gases.

Seamless rolled ring

A ring produced by upsetting and piercing a forged billet, then expanding it on a radial-axial ring mill. Grain flow follows the circumference, which gives better hoop-direction properties than a ring machined from plate.

ERNiCr-3 / Alloy 82

The nickel-chromium filler metal normally used to weld NCF 600. Generally preferred over ENiCrFe-3 (Alloy 182) where corrosion performance in the weld matters.

EN 10204 3.1 / 3.2

Inspection document types. 3.1 is a mill certificate issued by the manufacturer's own independent inspection department; 3.2 is countersigned by an independent third party nominated by the purchaser.

Frequently asked questions: NCF 600 / UNS N06600

Technical references

Chemistry, physical-property, mechanical, corrosion and heat-treatment data on this page are drawn from the published standards and engineering references below. Test results reported on our material certificates are independent and traceable to calibrated laboratory equipment.

1. ASTM B564, Standard Specification for Nickel Alloy Forgings, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
2. ASTM B166, Standard Specification for Nickel-Chromium-Aluminum Alloy, Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys, Rod, Bar and Wire, ASTM International.
3. ASTM B168, Standard Specification for Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys Plate, Sheet and Strip, ASTM International.
4. ASTM B167, Standard Specification for Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys Seamless Pipe and Tube, ASTM International.
5. ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section II Part B, SB-564, and Part D allowable stresses for UNS N06600.
6. JIS G4901, Corrosion-resisting and heat-resisting superalloy bars, Japanese Standards Association.
7. JIS G4902, Corrosion-resisting and heat-resisting superalloy plates and sheets, Japanese Standards Association.
8. JIS G4903 / G4904, Seamless nickel-chromium-iron alloy pipes and heat exchanger tubes, Japanese Standards Association.
9. DIN 17742 / 17750 / 17751 / 17752 / 17754, wrought nickel alloys, Deutsches Institut für Normung (W.Nr. 2.4816, NiCr15Fe).
10. BS 3072–3076, Nickel and nickel alloys: sheet, strip, bar and tube, British Standards Institution (NA14).
11. AMS 5665, Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat Resistant, Bars, Forgings and Rings, SAE International.
12. EN 10204:2004, Metallic products. Types of inspection documents, CEN, Brussels.
13. EN 10228-3, Non-destructive testing of steel forgings, Part 3: Ultrasonic testing, CEN.
14. SEP 1921, Ultrasonic testing of steel forgings, Stahl-Eisen-Prüfblatt.
15. ASTM A388, Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Forgings, ASTM International.
16. ASTM E112, Standard Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size, ASTM International.
17. ASTM G28, Standard Test Methods for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Wrought Nickel-Rich, Chromium-Bearing Alloys, ASTM International.
18. NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156, Materials for use in H₂S-containing environments in oil and gas production.
19. ASM Handbook, Volume 2: Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, ASM International.
20. ASM Specialty Handbook: Nickel, Cobalt and Their Alloys, J.R. Davis (ed.), ASM International.
21. ASM Handbook, Volume 13B: Corrosion: Materials, ASM International, sections on nickel-base alloys and on caustic and high-temperature water cracking.
22. ASM Handbook, Volume 14A: Metalworking: Bulk Forming, ASM International, forging of heat-resistant alloys.
23. EPRI published research on primary water stress corrosion cracking of Alloy 600 and on the performance of thermally treated material.
24. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission information notices and generic letters concerning Alloy 600 cracking in reactor vessel head penetrations and steam generator tubing.

Standards cited are the revisions known to us at the time of the last page review. For procurement, always reference the revision in force at the contract date. All trademarks referenced belong to their respective owners.

Related grades and forged products

• Inconel 600 / N06600
• W.Nr. 2.4816
• Inconel 601 / NCF 601
• Inconel 625
• Inconel 690
• Inconel X-750 / NCF 750
• W.Nr. 2.4668 / Alloy 718
• Incoloy 800H
• Incoloy 825
• Monel 400
• Hastelloy C-276
• Forged & rolled rings
• Forged disks
• Forged tubes
• Forged spindles
• Open die forgings