Nickel superalloy · Open-die forgings

2.4973 Forging Parts — René 41 / UNS N07041 / NiCr19Co11MoTi Nickel Superalloy Forgings

Published: 18 June 2022 · Last updated: 10 August 2026 · Technically reviewed by the Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. Metallurgical Engineering Team

2.4973 is the German Werkstoff number for the age-hardening nickel-base superalloy known internationally as René 41, Alloy 41 or UNS N07041, and in DIN shorthand as NiCr19Co11MoTi. It is strengthened by γ′ Ni₃(Al,Ti) precipitation. Tensile strength is roughly 710 MPa (103 ksi) at 871 °C (1600 °F), and oxidation resistance extends to about 982 °C (1800 °F), which is why the grade appears in jet-engine hot-section hardware, gas-turbine casings, high-temperature bolting and springs. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., an open-die forging factory at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu, China, produces 2.4973 / UNS N07041 as seamless rolled rings, turbine discs, forged shafts, flanges, sleeves, bushings, tube sheets, blocks and round bars to AMS 5712, AMS 5713 or customer drawing. EN 10204 3.1 certification is standard; 3.2 third-party witness is available on request.

Werkstoff

2.4973

UNS

N07041

DIN name

NiCr19Co11MoTi

Density

8.25g/cm³ (0.298 lb/in³)

UTS @ 21 °C

1262MPa (183 ksi)

UTS @ 871 °C

710MPa (103 ksi)

Max oxidation

982°C (1800 °F)

Hardness

33–40HRC, aged

Trademark notice. The René alloy designations originate with the General Electric Company; Pyromet® is a registered trademark of Carpenter Technology Corporation; Waspaloy® is a registered trademark of United Technologies Corporation; Inconel®, Incoloy® and Nimonic® are registered trademarks of Special Metals Corporation; Hastelloy® and Haynes® are registered trademarks of Haynes International, Inc. Material made and sold by those companies under those brand names is theirs. Material produced by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is correctly described as UNS N07041 / W.-Nr. 2.4973 / NiCr19Co11MoTi, supplied to AMS 5712 or AMS 5713: the same generic chemistry, manufactured independently. We are not affiliated with, sponsored by, or endorsed by any of the trademark holders named above.

6 free 2.4973 engineering tools on this page

What is 2.4973 / René 41 / UNS N07041?

2.4973 (René 41 / UNS N07041 / NiCr19Co11MoTi) is a nickel–cobalt–chromium–molybdenum superalloy hardened by precipitation of the ordered γ′ phase Ni₃(Al,Ti). Its nominal chemistry is 18–20 % chromium, 10–12 % cobalt, 9–10.5 % molybdenum, 3.0–3.3 % titanium and 1.4–1.8 % aluminium, with the balance nickel and a controlled boron addition of 0.003–0.010 % for grain-boundary strength. Chromium provides oxidation and hot-corrosion resistance, and molybdenum strengthens the matrix in solid solution. The aluminium-plus-titanium sum of roughly 4.4–5.1 % accounts for most of the strength, and for the welding difficulty covered in the fabrication section.

What the grade is bought for is strength retention at temperature. Room-temperature ultimate tensile strength of about 1262 MPa (183 ksi) is already in alloy-steel territory, and the alloy still delivers roughly 1048 MPa (152 ksi) at 760 °C (1400 °F) and 710 MPa (103 ksi) at 871 °C (1600 °F). Nickel-iron grades such as A286, and even the widely used Inconel 718, have lost most of their design strength by 700 °C because their strengthening phases over-age. Between roughly 700 °C and 900 °C there is little that competes, which is what justifies the price.

Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. supplies 2.4973 as wrought forged product only: open-die forgings, seamless rolled rings and forged bar, not castings. Forging breaks down the as-cast dendritic structure, closes solidification porosity and develops the continuous grain flow that hot-section and pressure-containing parts require. All published values on this page are for wrought, solution-treated-and-aged material.

What forged shapes are available in 2.4973 / UNS N07041?

Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal manufactures 2.4973 forgings by three routes, chosen by part geometry and quantity. Open-die forging on hydraulic press handles shafts, spindles, blocks, tube sheets and large discs. Radial-axial ring rolling produces seamless and contoured rolled rings, and is the usual route for turbine casing rings, valve flanges and bearing races because it gives circumferential grain flow that a ring machined from plate cannot match. Upset and pierce forging covers short, large-section hubs, sleeves and bushings, and hollow pre-forms that cut input weight on bored parts. Because vacuum-melted superalloy billet is expensive, near-net-shape forging is used wherever the geometry allows; on ring and disc profiles it typically removes 25–45 % of the rough-machining stock.

• Seamless rolled rings
• Contoured rolled rings
• Turbine & compressor discs
• Forged shafts & spindles
• Forged flanges
• Forged sleeves & bushings
• Forged tube sheets
• Forged blocks & blanks
• Forged pipes & hollow sections
• Valve bodies, stems & seat rings
• Forged nozzles
• Round, square & flat bars
• Fastener & bolting stock
• Custom near-net-shape forgings

What are the equivalent designations of 2.4973?

Engineers reach this grade under at least eight different names. All of the designations in the table below describe the same nickel-base chemistry, and Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. accepts purchase orders under any of them, issuing a multi-designation material test certificate that lists every specification a given heat satisfies.

What is the chemical composition of 2.4973?

The chemistry of 2.4973 / UNS N07041 is 18.00–20.00 % Cr, 10.00–12.00 % Co, 9.00–10.50 % Mo, 3.00–3.30 % Ti, 1.40–1.80 % Al and 0.003–0.010 % B, with nickel as the balance. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. verifies every heat by optical emission spectrometry against the limits below and reports the actual ladle and product analysis on the EN 10204 certificate.

The combined Al+Ti content of 2.4973 is roughly 4.4–5.1 %. Alloys above about 4 % Al+Ti are classed as strain-age-cracking sensitive, and that classification governs both the welding procedure and the post-weld heat treatment. If the part is welded or repair-welded, say so on the enquiry, because it changes which solution treatment we recommend.

What are the mechanical properties of 2.4973 / René 41?

In the solution-treated and aged condition, 2.4973 delivers approximately 1262 MPa (183 ksi) ultimate tensile strength and 820 MPa (119 ksi) 0.2 % proof strength at room temperature, falling to 710 MPa (103 ksi) and 579 MPa (84 ksi) at 871 °C (1600 °F). Elongation stays in double figures across the whole range. The table below gives typical values for wrought bar and forgings; guaranteed minima for a specific order are agreed against AMS 5712 / AMS 5713 or the customer specification and reported on the certificate.

The last column deserves attention when sizing a part. Between 760 °C and 871 °C the alloy loses about a third of its tensile strength, and above 871 °C the γ′ precipitates coarsen fast enough that creep, rather than tensile strength, becomes the design-limiting property. For continuously loaded parts above roughly 815 °C, size against stress-rupture data at the intended life instead of against the tensile table.

What are the physical properties of 2.4973?

The density of 2.4973 / UNS N07041 is approximately 8.25 g/cm³ (0.298 lb/in³) and its melting range is approximately 1307–1343 °C. Use the density figure when converting a drawing volume into a forging weight; the weight calculator further down this page does the conversion.

Physical property values are typical published data for wrought René 41 / UNS N07041 and are given for design guidance only, and are not guaranteed minima. Certified chemistry, mechanical and NDT results for your specific heat are reported on the EN 10204 material test certificate.

What is the heat treatment for 2.4973 / René 41 forgings?

Two standard heat-treatment cycles are used for 2.4973, and they produce measurably different parts. After the designation itself, the cycle is the most important line on the purchase order, so state it explicitly rather than writing "solution treated and aged".

Cycle A solution-treats above the γ′ solvus, which dissolves the strengthening phase completely and allows grain growth; the 899 °C age then re-precipitates a coarser, more creep-stable γ′ distribution. Cycle B stays below the solvus, so residual γ′ pins the grain boundaries and keeps the grain fine, giving better fatigue and tensile strength but poorer creep. The two properties cannot both be maximised in one part. If the part sees rotating fatigue at 650 °C, choose B; if it carries static load at 815 °C for thousands of hours, choose A.

Two points matter in production. Ageing produces a small dimensional contraction, typically under 0.1 %, so age before finish machining close-tolerance features. Air cooling from solution temperature also has to be genuinely rapid on heavy sections: slow-cooling a 300 mm ring through 900–700 °C precipitates γ′ uncontrollably, and the subsequent age will not correct it. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. records the full furnace chart for both the solution and ageing cycles and supplies it with the EN 10204 certificate.

How do you forge, weld and machine 2.4973?

Forging 2.4973

The forging window for 2.4973 is approximately 1040–1150 °C (1900–2100 °F), with the finishing temperature held above about 1010 °C (1850 °F). This is a narrow window by steel standards, and the alloy's flow stress is several times that of carbon steel at the same temperature, so reductions are taken in small increments with frequent reheats. Forging below 1010 °C risks grain-boundary cracking; forging too hot risks incipient melting of residual eutectics near the 1307 °C solidus. Taking the final reductions below the γ′ solvus (≈ 1065 °C) refines the grain and is the normal practice for fatigue-critical parts. Total forging reduction of 4:1 or greater is used to break down the ingot structure and develop directional grain flow.

Welding 2.4973 and why it cracks

2.4973 is among the more strain-age-cracking-sensitive superalloys in commercial use. With 3.0–3.3 % Ti and 1.4–1.8 % Al, γ′ precipitates quickly enough on reheating that the heat-affected zone contracts and hardens while residual welding stress is still present, and cracks. The countermeasures are to weld in the solution-treated (not aged) condition, use the lowest practical heat input with GTAW and AMS 5800 / MSRR 9500/241 filler, minimise joint restraint, and on post-weld heat treatment heat rapidly through the 650–870 °C precipitation range rather than ramping through it. Where the design permits, an overaged pre-weld condition reduces sensitivity further. Raise weld repair with us before the order, since it affects which solution treatment we apply.

Machining 2.4973

Machinability is roughly 10–15 % of B1112 free-machining steel, comparable to Waspaloy and slower going than Inconel 718. Rough machine in the solution-treated condition wherever the tolerance stack allows, since aged material at 33–40 HRC is markedly slower. Use rigid setups, sharp positive-rake carbide or ceramic inserts, low surface speed (roughly 10–20 m/min for carbide turning of aged material), heavy positive feed to cut beneath the work-hardened layer, and flood coolant. Do not let the tool dwell; the alloy work-hardens immediately, and a stopped tool glazes the surface and shortens the life of the following pass. Tool cost per part runs several times that of stainless steel.

2.4973 vs Inconel 718, Waspaloy, Nimonic 105 and Haynes 282

The realistic alternatives to 2.4973 are all γ′ or γ″ strengthened nickel superalloys, and the choice usually comes down to one trade-off: peak-temperature strength against weldability and cost.

Comparative values are typical published data for wrought, aged material, collected for selection guidance. Where a substitution is being considered for a qualified design, verify against the applicable specification and have a materials engineer review the change, since creep, fatigue and environmental behaviour do not track tensile strength.

2.4973 production capability at Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal

Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. has forged nickel superalloys since 2008 and exports to more than 40 countries. Superalloy forging envelopes are deliberately smaller than our carbon and stainless steel limits, because 2.4973 has a much higher flow stress and a much narrower working window. A press that comfortably upsets a 12-tonne steel ingot handles far less superalloy per stroke.

Process flow for a 2.4973 forging

The ranges above are typical for 2.4973 and depend on billet availability and part geometry. Send the drawing to sales@steelforgepieces.com and we will confirm feasibility, weight and lead time, normally within 24 hours.

Which standards, testing and certificates apply to 2.4973 forgings?

Every 2.4973 forging from Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is ultrasonically examined to EN 10228-3, SEP 1921 or ASTM A388 as specified on the order, and is supplied with an EN 10204 3.1 material test certificate as standard, or EN 10204 3.2 with third-party witness on request. Our quality management system is certified to ISO 9001:2015.

EN 10204 3.2 certificates are issued through a customer-nominated inspection body. Lloyd's Register, DNV, Bureau Veritas, ABS and TÜV are the ones we work with most often. Because a witness point must be scheduled against the furnace and testing calendar, allow an extra two to four weeks when 3.2 release is required.

How do you specify a 2.4973 forging order?

Most quotation delays on this grade come from an incomplete specification rather than a difficult part. The seven points below cover everything we need.

1. Name the grade generically. Write "UNS N07041 / W.-Nr. 2.4973", optionally adding "(René 41 type)" for clarity. A purchase order that says only "René 41" implies material from a specific proprietary source.
2. State the specification. AMS 5712 for bars, forgings and rings; AMS 5713 where vacuum melting is required; AMS 5545 for sheet, strip and plate.
3. State the heat-treatment cycle. Cycle A (1177 °C + 899 °C) for creep, Cycle B (1066–1080 °C + 760 °C) for strength and fatigue. See Table 5.
4. Say whether the part will be welded. This determines the pre-weld condition we supply and whether an overaged delivery condition is appropriate.
5. Define NDT. UT standard and acceptance class (EN 10228-3, SEP 1921 or ASTM A388), plus surface PT requirements.
6. Define certification. EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2, and name the inspection body if 3.2.
7. Send the drawing. Include machining allowance, grain-flow direction if it matters, quantity, target date and destination port.

MATERIAL:  UNS N07041 / W.-Nr. 2.4973 / NiCr19Co11MoTi
           (René 41 type), per AMS 5712 [or AMS 5713 vacuum melted]
CONDITION: Solution 1177 °C/4 h/AC + age 899 °C/4 h/AC   [Cycle A — creep]
           or  Solution 1066 °C/4 h/AC + age 760 °C/16 h/AC [Cycle B — strength]
GRAIN FLOW: Continuous, parallel to principal stress axis; verify per ASTM E381
NDT:       UT per EN 10228-3 [class __] or ASTM A388
           PT per EN ISO 3452 on all machined surfaces
TESTING:   Tensile per ISO 6892-1 + hardness HRC per lot
           Stress rupture per ASTM E139 [if creep critical]
CERT:      EN 10204 3.1  [or 3.2 witnessed by ______]
MARKING:   Heat number, condition, drawing number, low-stress stamp

Where is 2.4973 / René 41 used?

2.4973 is specified wherever a part must carry real load between roughly 650 °C and 900 °C. The applications below reflect the enquiries Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. receives for this grade.

Six common mistakes when ordering 2.4973 forgings

1. Not stating the heat-treatment cycle. Cycle A and Cycle B produce parts with different grain size, different tensile strength and different creep life. "Solution treated and aged" is not a specification. Fix: quote the temperatures and times from Table 5.
2. Designing a welded assembly in 2.4973. With 4.4–5.1 % Al+Ti this grade is highly strain-age-cracking sensitive. Fix: move welded structure to Inconel 718 or Haynes 282, keep 2.4973 for machined-from-solid parts, or design the weld around a solution-treated pre-weld condition and rapid PWHT heating.
3. Sizing above 815 °C from the tensile table. Above roughly 815 °C, creep governs long-term life, not short-term tensile strength. Fix: size against stress-rupture data at the design life, and order ASTM E139 testing.
4. Writing "René 41" alone on the purchase order. That is a proprietary designation. Fix: specify "UNS N07041 / W.-Nr. 2.4973 per AMS 5712".
5. Finish machining before ageing. Ageing contracts the part by up to about 0.1 %, which will move a close-tolerance bore out of band. Fix: rough machine → solution treat → age → finish machine.
6. Quoting a steel lead time. Vacuum-remelted superalloy billet has a long procurement cycle. Fix: plan 10–14 weeks, plus 2–4 weeks for EN 10204 3.2 witnessed release.

Glossary — 2.4973 terms

2.4973

German Werkstoff (material) number for the NiCr19Co11MoTi age-hardening nickel superalloy; equivalent to UNS N07041 and known commercially as René 41.

UNS N07041

Unified Numbering System designation for the same alloy, and the generic name to use on purchase orders and drawings.

NiCr19Co11MoTi

DIN descriptive short name: nickel base with ≈19 % chromium, ≈11 % cobalt, plus molybdenum and titanium.

γ′ (gamma prime)

The ordered Ni₃(Al,Ti) intermetallic precipitate that gives 2.4973 its strength. Its volume fraction and size are controlled by the ageing cycle.

γ′ solvus

The temperature (≈ 1065 °C for 2.4973) above which γ′ fully dissolves. Solution treating above or below it is the difference between Cycle A and Cycle B.

Strain-age cracking

Cracking in the weld heat-affected zone caused by γ′ precipitating and contracting while residual welding stress is still present. The dominant fabrication risk in this alloy.

AMS 5712 / AMS 5713

SAE Aerospace Material Specifications for N07041 bars, forgings and rings. AMS 5713 additionally requires vacuum melting.

ESR / VAR / VIM

Electroslag remelting, vacuum arc remelting and vacuum induction melting: secondary melting routes that remove inclusions and control segregation in superalloy billet.

Seamless rolled ring

A ring produced by piercing a forged pre-form and rolling it on a radial-axial ring mill, giving continuous circumferential grain flow that a ring machined from plate cannot match.

EN 10204 3.1 / 3.2

Inspection-certificate types. 3.1 is issued by the manufacturer's independent quality department; 3.2 is countersigned by a third-party inspector.

EN 10228-3

European standard for ultrasonic examination of forgings in ferritic or martensitic steels, commonly extended by agreement to superalloy forgings.

SEP 1921

German Stahl-Eisen-Prüfblatt ultrasonic acceptance standard, widely cited for forged bar and ring products.

Frequently asked questions — 2.4973 / René 41 / UNS N07041

Technical references

Chemistry, mechanical, physical and heat-treatment data on this page are compiled from the published specifications and engineering references below. Values certified for a specific order come from our own testing, traceable to calibrated equipment, and are reported on the material test certificate.

1. SAE AMS 5712, "Alloy Bars, Forgings and Rings, 19Cr – 11Co – 10Mo – 3.1Ti – 1.6Al, Consumable Electrode Melted, Solution Heat Treated", SAE International.
2. SAE AMS 5713, "Alloy Bars and Forgings, 19Cr – 11Co – 10Mo – 3.1Ti – 1.6Al, Vacuum Melted, Solution Heat Treated", SAE International.
3. SAE AMS 5545, "Alloy Sheet, Strip and Plate, 19Cr – 11Co – 10Mo – 3.1Ti – 1.6Al, Solution Heat Treated", SAE International.
4. SAE AMS 5800, "Alloy Welding Wire, 19Cr – 11Co – 10Mo – 3.1Ti – 1.6Al", SAE International.
5. ASM Handbook, Volume 1: Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys, ASM International, Materials Park, OH — section on nickel-base superalloys.
6. ASM Specialty Handbook: Heat-Resistant Materials, J.R. Davis (ed.), ASM International.
7. Donachie, M.J. and Donachie, S.J., Superalloys: A Technical Guide, 2nd edition, ASM International, 2002.
8. Reed, R.C., The Superalloys: Fundamentals and Applications, Cambridge University Press, 2006.
9. Sims, C.T., Stoloff, N.S. and Hagel, W.C. (eds.), Superalloys II, John Wiley & Sons, 1987 — chapters on γ′ strengthening and weldability.
10. EN 10228-3, "Non-destructive testing of steel forgings — Part 3: Ultrasonic testing of ferritic or martensitic steel forgings", CEN.
11. SEP 1921, "Ultrasonic testing of steel bars and forgings", Stahl-Eisen-Prüfblatt, Verein Deutscher Eisenhüttenleute.
12. ASTM A388/A388M, "Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Forgings", ASTM International.
13. ASTM E139, "Standard Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture, and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials", ASTM International.
14. ASTM E381, "Standard Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms, and Forgings", ASTM International.
15. EN 10204, "Metallic products — Types of inspection documents", CEN.
16. ISO 9001:2015, "Quality management systems — Requirements", International Organization for Standardization.

Standards are cited at the revision current at the date of last review. For procurement, always reference the revision in force at the contract date. Trademarks referenced belong to their respective owners.

Related 2.4973 and nickel superalloy pages

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• Forged sleeves
• Forged disks
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