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1.2779 Forgings — Rolled Rings, Extrusion Tooling & Bars
Werkstoff 1.2779 · X6NiCrTiMoVB25-15-2 · equivalent to A-286 / UNS S66286 / EN 1.4980 / Alloy 660 / GH2132
Open-die forged and ring-rolled to your drawing by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China.
Short answer: 1.2779 is the German Werkstoff number for X6NiCrTiMoVB25-15-2, a precipitation-hardening austenitic iron–nickel–chromium superalloy of roughly 25 % Ni, 15 % Cr, 2 % Ti and 1.25 % Mo, balance iron. It is the same alloy as A-286 / UNS S66286 / 1.4980; the 1.2779 number is used when it is bought as a hot-working tool material for extrusion tooling. After solution treatment and ageing it reaches at least 895 MPa tensile strength, stays non-magnetic, and holds useful strength up to about 700 °C (1300 °F).
Who makes it and what you can order: Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., an open-die forging factory in Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China, forges 1.2779 into seamless rolled rings up to Ø3,500 mm, extrusion mandrels, dies, liners, liner holders, pressure pads, dummy blocks, die holders and inserts, stems, sleeves, shafts, discs, flanges, forged pipes and round bars — one piece minimum, made to drawing, ESR melted, solution treated and aged, UT tested, EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2 certificate, 25–45 days. Send a drawing for a quote ›
01 / Datasheet1.2779 at a glance
| Werkstoff number | 1.2779 (tool-material listing) · 1.4980 (EN 10269, EN 10302) · 1.4944 (bolting) |
|---|---|
| DIN / EN name | X6NiCrTiMoVB25-15-2 (older: X5NiCrTi26-15) |
| UNS / trade names | S66286 · A-286 · Alloy 660 · Incoloy A-286 · Pyromet A-286 · Tinidur |
| Alloy family | Precipitation-hardening austenitic Fe–Ni–Cr superalloy (γ′ Ni₃(Ti,Al) hardened) |
| Melting route | EAF + AOD/VOD + ESR as standard; VIM + VAR on request for aerospace work |
| Delivery condition | Forged → solution treated + aged → rough machined (finish machined on request) |
| Tensile / proof strength | Rm ≥ 895 MPa · Rp0.2 ≥ 585 MPa · 248–341 HBW |
| Service temperature | −196 °C to ≈ 700 °C continuous; scaling resistance in air to ≈ 800 °C |
| Magnetic? | No — non-magnetic in solution treated, aged and cold-worked conditions |
| Forging window | Soak 1120–1150 °C · finish > 950–980 °C · ratio ≥ 4:1 |
| NDT | UT to EN 10228-3 / ASTM A388 / SEP 1921; PT on request (MT not applicable — non-magnetic) |
| Certificate | EN 10204 3.1 standard; EN 10204 3.2 with SGS, BV, TÜV, LR or DNV |
| Max ring size | OD 3,500 mm · single piece up to 25,000 kg |
| MOQ / lead time | 1 piece, made to drawing / 25–45 days after drawing approval |
| Made by | Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China |
02 / Numbering1.2779, 1.4980 and 1.4944 — which number should be on your order?
All three Werkstoff numbers describe the same iron–nickel–chromium alloy. 1.2779 is the hot-work tool-material listing, used when the alloy is bought for extrusion mandrels, dies and liners. 1.4980 is the number in EN 10269 and EN 10302 for fasteners and creep-resisting parts, and is what most European mill certificates actually carry. 1.4944 covers the same alloy in a bolting context at a different strength condition. If your drawing says 1.2779 and the certificate says 1.4980, the material is correct.
This is the single most common source of confusion on 1.2779 orders, and it costs real time at goods-in. Some European mills print the cross-reference as approximately 1.2779 rather than exactly 1.2779 — not because the chemistry differs, but because 1.2779 is a tool-steel-list entry rather than a designation with its own product standard behind it. There is no EN product standard that says "1.2779"; there are EN 10269 and EN 10302, and both say 1.4980.
| Number | Where it appears | Typical use | What to do |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2779 | Hot-work tool material lists | Extrusion mandrels, dies, liners, dummy blocks, stems — anything working hot against a billet | Fine as a drawing callout. Ask for the certificate to carry 1.4980 / A-286 alongside it. |
| 1.4980 | EN 10269, EN 10302, VdTÜV 435/3 | High-temperature bolting, creep-resisting components, pressure equipment | Use this number when a European product standard governs. It is the safest number to order to. |
| 1.4944 | Older bolting listings | Same alloy, bolting context, different heat-treated condition | Treat as the same material; confirm the required strength class on the order. |
| A-286 / S66286 | ASTM A453, ASTM A638, AMS 5731/5737 | Everything, worldwide — this is the name most of the market uses | Best for global sourcing. Name the ASTM or AMS spec and the class. |
Practical tip from our order desk: the cleanest way to write it on a purchase order is "1.2779 / 1.4980 / A-286, UNS S66286, to ASTM A453 Gr 660 Class A" — one line that satisfies the drawing, the mill and your incoming inspector at the same time. Nine out of ten stalled goods-in queries we see on this alloy are a number mismatch, not a quality problem.
03 / Cross-reference1.2779 equivalent grades worldwide
1.2779 is equivalent to A-286, UNS S66286, EN 1.4980, X6NiCrTiMoVB25-15-2, ASTM A453 Grade 660, ASTM A638 Grade 660, AMS 5731 / 5732 / 5737, JIS SUH 660 and Chinese GH2132. The numbers identify the alloy; the acceptance criteria come from the governing specification.
Buyers reach this alloy under more than a dozen names. The table below is the cross-reference Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal works to when a drawing calls out one system and the mill certificate is issued in another.
| System | Designation |
|---|---|
| Germany (Werkstoff) | 1.2779 · 1.4980 · 1.4944 · X6NiCrTiMoVB25-15-2 · X5NiCrTi26-15 · Tinidur |
| USA (UNS / trade) | UNS S66286 · A-286 · A286 · Alloy 660 · Incoloy A-286 · Pyromet A-286 |
| ASTM | A453 Gr 660 (Class A / B / C / D) · A638 Gr 660 · B637 |
| AMS (aerospace) | AMS 5525 · 5731 · 5732 · 5734 · 5737 · 5804 (weld wire) · 5853 · 5895 |
| EN standards | EN 10269 (fasteners) · EN 10302 (creep-resisting) · VdTÜV 435/3 — grade 1.4980 |
| Japan | JIS SUH 660 · SUS 660 |
| China (GB/T) | GH2132 (formerly GH132) · 0Cr15Ni25Ti2MoAlVB |
| France (AFNOR) | Z6NCTDV25-15B · Z6NCT25 · Z5NCTDV26-15B · EZ6NCT25 |
| UK (BS) | HR 51 · HR 52 · HR 53 · HR 54 · HR 55 · HR 650 |
| Russia (GOST) | ХН35ВТ / 10Х11Н23Т3МР family (nearest, confirm chemistry) |
04 / ChemistryChemical composition of 1.2779
1.2779 contains 24.0–27.0 % nickel, 13.5–16.0 % chromium, 1.90–2.35 % titanium, 1.00–1.50 % molybdenum, 0.10–0.50 % vanadium, up to 0.35 % aluminium, 0.001–0.010 % boron, maximum 0.08 % carbon, balance iron (about 53 %). Note that the ASTM A453 and EN 10269 limits are not identical — the table below shows both.
Most supplier pages show one column. That is fine until a European drawing and an American mill certificate meet on the same desk. The table below gives both spec windows side by side, plus what our heats typically run, so you can check a certificate against the right column.
| Element | ASTM A453 Gr 660 (UNS S66286) |
EN 10269 (1.4980) |
Typical, our heats | Role in the alloy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C — Carbon | ≤ 0.08 | 0.03–0.08 | 0.045 | Kept low so titanium goes into γ′ instead of carbides |
| Si — Silicon | ≤ 1.00 | ≤ 1.00 | 0.45 | Deoxidiser |
| Mn — Manganese | ≤ 2.00 | ≤ 2.00 | 1.10 | Austenite stabiliser, deoxidiser |
| P — Phosphorus | ≤ 0.025 | ≤ 0.025 | 0.012 | Residual, limited for hot ductility |
| S — Sulphur | ≤ 0.025 | ≤ 0.015 | 0.004 | Residual — EN is tighter than ASTM here |
| Cr — Chromium | 13.50–16.00 | 13.50–16.00 | 14.8 | Oxidation and corrosion resistance |
| Ni — Nickel | 24.00–27.00 | 24.00–27.00 | 25.4 | Stabilises austenite; forms γ′ with Ti and Al |
| Mo — Molybdenum | 1.00–1.50 | 1.00–1.50 | 1.25 | Solid-solution strengthening at temperature |
| Ti — Titanium | 1.90–2.35 | 1.90–2.30 | 2.10 | Principal hardener — forms γ′ Ni₃(Ti,Al) on ageing |
| V — Vanadium | 0.10–0.50 | 0.10–0.50 | 0.28 | Raises hot strength and notch ductility |
| Al — Aluminium | ≤ 0.35 | ≤ 0.35 | 0.18 | Deoxidiser; contributes to γ′ |
| B — Boron | 0.0010–0.010 | 0.003–0.010 | 0.005 | Grain-boundary strengthener — critical for stress-rupture life |
| Fe — Iron | Balance, approximately 53 % | Base metal — why this alloy costs a fraction of a nickel-base superalloy | ||
Correction to a figure that circulates widely: the aluminium limit for this alloy is 0.35 % max, not 0.035 %. A number of supplier pages — including an earlier version of this one — carry the wrong decimal. If a purchase order restricts Al to 0.035 %, correct material will fail incoming inspection for a reason that has nothing to do with quality. Worth catching before the order is placed rather than after the forging arrives.
05 / PropertiesMechanical properties of 1.2779
In the solution treated and aged condition, 1.2779 delivers a minimum 895 MPa (130 ksi) tensile strength, minimum 585 MPa (85 ksi) 0.2 % proof strength, 15 % elongation and 248–341 HBW hardness to ASTM A453 Grade 660. Forgings from Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal typically test at 1,000–1,100 MPa tensile and 280–320 HBW.
Room-temperature values below. The "specified minimum" column is the ASTM A453 Grade 660 acceptance limit; the "typical achieved" column is what our forgings normally return on the test bar processed alongside the part.
| Property | Specified minimum | Typical achieved |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile strength Rm | 895 MPa (130 ksi) | 1,000–1,100 MPa |
| 0.2 % proof strength Rp0.2 | 585 MPa (85 ksi)* | 690–760 MPa |
| Elongation A (4D) | 15 % | 18–25 % |
| Reduction of area Z | 18 % | 25–40 % |
| Hardness | 248–341 HBW | 280–320 HBW (28–34 HRC) |
| Impact KV (Charpy V, 20 °C) | — (on request) | 45–75 J |
| Impact KV at −196 °C | — (on request) | 35–55 J (no DBTT) |
| Stress rupture (A453 Cl. A) | 650 °C / 379 MPa, ≥ 100 h | Passed with ≥ 5 % elongation |
| Fatigue limit (rotating bend, 10⁷) | — | ≈ 380–430 MPa |
* ASTM A453 Grade 660 Class D requires a higher 725 MPa (105 ksi) proof strength. Tell us the class on the order and we set the ageing cycle accordingly — it is not something that can be corrected after the fact without a full re-solution and re-age.
06 / Hot strengthHow 1.2779 holds strength at temperature
1.2779 keeps roughly 85 % of its room-temperature proof strength at 650 °C and about 75 % at 700 °C. Above 700 °C the γ′ Ni₃(Ti,Al) precipitates coarsen and strength drops away quickly — which is why 700 °C, not 800 °C, is the design limit for loaded parts even though the alloy resists scaling to about 800 °C.
| Temperature | Rm tensile | Rp0.2 proof | Elongation | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20 °C | 1,000–1,100 MPa | 690–760 MPa | 18–25 % | Baseline |
| 200 °C | ≈ 960 MPa | ≈ 650 MPa | 20 % | Essentially flat |
| 400 °C | ≈ 930 MPa | ≈ 620 MPa | 20 % | H13 is still competitive here |
| 540 °C | ≈ 900 MPa | ≈ 600 MPa | 19 % | H13 begins to over-temper |
| 650 °C | ≈ 760 MPa | ≈ 590 MPa | 18 % | The working point for extrusion tooling |
| 700 °C | ≈ 640 MPa | ≈ 530 MPa | 20 % | Practical design limit |
| 760 °C | ≈ 420 MPa | ≈ 360 MPa | 25 % | γ′ over-ageing, strength falling fast |
| −196 °C | ≈ 1,300 MPa | ≈ 900 MPa | 20 % | Tougher, no brittle transition |
07 / PhysicalPhysical properties of 1.2779
| Density | 7.94 g/cm³ (0.287 lb/in³) |
|---|---|
| Melting range | 1,370–1,400 °C |
| Modulus of elasticity, 20 °C | ≈ 200 GPa (29 × 10⁶ psi) |
| Modulus of elasticity, 650 °C | ≈ 154 GPa |
| Mean coefficient of thermal expansion | ≈ 16.4 µm/m·K (20–100 °C) · ≈ 17.6 µm/m·K (20–500 °C) · ≈ 18.4 µm/m·K (20–700 °C) |
| Thermal conductivity, 20 °C | ≈ 12.6 W/m·K |
| Thermal conductivity, 650 °C | ≈ 22.5 W/m·K |
| Specific heat | ≈ 460 J/kg·K |
| Electrical resistivity | ≈ 0.91 µΩ·m |
| Magnetic permeability | ≈ 1.001 (non-magnetic, stable after cold work) |
The expansion coefficient matters more than it looks. At 16–18 µm/m·K, 1.2779 expands roughly like an austenitic stainless steel and about 45 % more than H13. On a 600 mm liner running at 500 °C that is close to 2 mm of extra growth compared with a tool-steel part — design the fits for it, or the tooling will nip.
08 / Application logicWhy 1.2779 is chosen for extrusion tooling
Hot-work die steel like H13 (1.2344) over-tempers above about 550 °C. In copper and brass extrusion the billet leaves the container at 700–900 °C, so the tooling softens and creeps out of tolerance within a shift. 1.2779 is austenitic and hardened by γ′ precipitates that stay stable to roughly 700 °C, so mandrels, dies and liners hold their yield strength through the run.
Hot yield strength
Still around 560–620 MPa proof strength at 650 °C — roughly where a hot-work die steel has lost most of its hardness.
Creep resistance
Boron-strengthened grain boundaries give 100+ hours at 650 °C under 379 MPa, so mandrels stay straight under sustained load.
No scaling
15 % chromium keeps the tool face clean in air to about 800 °C, which protects the extruded surface finish.
Non-magnetic & tough
Austenitic structure with no ductile-to-brittle transition — usable from −196 °C to 700 °C without embrittlement.
The trade-off is machinability and cost of forging. The alloy work-hardens hard and forges over a narrow temperature window, which is exactly why it is worth buying as a forging rather than cutting it from a solid billet: the grain flow follows the tool contour, the machining allowance is small, and expensive alloy does not end up as swarf.
09 / Selection1.2779 versus the alternatives — and what it costs
Choose 1.2779 when the part runs between about 550 °C and 700 °C. Below 550 °C, H13 or 17-4PH is stronger and far cheaper. Above 700 °C, Inconel X-750, Waspaloy or Nimonic 90 are the honest answers. Taking H13 as a cost index of 1, forged 1.2779 typically runs 4–6×, Inconel X-750 8–12× and Waspaloy 12–18× per kilogram.
| Alloy | Practical temperature ceiling | Rp0.2 at 20 °C | Relative cost per kg | Choose it when… |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| H13 / 1.2344 | ≈ 540 °C | ≈ 1,400 MPa | 1× (index) | Aluminium extrusion dies, general hot-work tooling below 550 °C |
| 17-4PH | ≈ 300 °C | ≈ 1,100 MPa | 1.5–2× | Strength and corrosion resistance at or near ambient; magnetic is acceptable |
| 1.2779 / A-286 | ≈ 700 °C | ≈ 720 MPa | 4–6× | Copper and brass extrusion tooling, 550–700 °C bolting, non-magnetic hot parts |
| Incoloy 901 | ≈ 760 °C | ≈ 830 MPa | 6–9× | A step up from A-286 when 700 °C is marginal but a nickel base is not yet justified |
| Inconel X-750 | ≈ 815 °C | ≈ 780 MPa | 8–12× | Springs, fasteners and rings above 700 °C |
| Nimonic 80A | ≈ 815 °C | ≈ 700 MPa | 9–13× | Exhaust valves, turbine hardware, high-temperature fasteners |
| Waspaloy | ≈ 870 °C | ≈ 800 MPa | 12–18× | Turbine discs and shafts where nothing cheaper survives |
Cost index is a rough guide for forged and heat-treated material, not bar stock, and moves with the nickel price. It is included because the question we are asked most often after "is 1.2779 the same as A-286" is "what will it cost me versus H13". Ask us for a live comparison against your drawing — for a given part the machining hours often move the total more than the alloy price does.
10 / ProcessHow we forge 1.2779
Soak at 1120–1150 °C for about one hour per 25 mm of section, forge with heavy steady reductions, and stop above 950–980 °C — reheat rather than forge cold. Use a total forging ratio of at least 4:1 on ring blanks and loaded tooling. Under-soaking causes centre bursts; finishing too cold causes surface tearing that only appears after machining.
Forging window
- Start from remelted stock. ESR as standard, VIM + VAR where an aerospace specification calls for it. Remelting closes centreline porosity and breaks up the titanium-rich segregation that otherwise reads as stringers on the ultrasonic test.
- Soak: 1120–1150 °C, roughly one hour per 25 mm of section thickness. Under-soaking leaves a cold core and is the most common cause of centre cracking in this alloy.
- Finish temperature: stop above 950–980 °C and reheat. Hot ductility falls away sharply below that, and low-temperature finishing produces surface tearing that only shows up after machining — by which point the material and the hours are already spent.
- Forging ratio: minimum 4:1 total reduction for ring blanks and heavily loaded tooling, so the fibre follows the contour rather than being cut through.
- Final reduction: keep the last pass above about 20 % reduction. A light finishing pass on a hot billet gives critical strain and coarse, duplex grain that no subsequent heat treatment will fix.
- Cooling: air cool from the finish temperature, then solution treat and age as a separate operation.
11 / Heat treatmentSolution treatment and ageing routes
Two routes. For maximum tensile strength: solution treat at 900–930 °C for 1–2 hours, oil or water quench, then age at 700–730 °C for 16 hours and air cool. For maximum creep and stress-rupture life: solution treat at 975–985 °C for 1 hour, quench, then run the same ageing cycle. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal supplies 1.2779 forgings already solution treated and aged.
| Route | Solution | Ageing | Use when |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standard (high strength) | 900–930 °C, 1–2 h, oil/water quench | 700–730 °C, 16 h, air cool | Best tensile strength and ductility — bolting, shafts, general forgings |
| High solution (creep) | 975–985 °C, 1 h, quench | 700–730 °C, 16 h, air cool | Best stress-rupture and creep life — turbine hardware and extrusion tooling above 600 °C |
| Class D (A453) | 900–930 °C, quench | 700–730 °C, 16 h + controlled cool | When 725 MPa minimum proof strength is specified — must be set before ageing |
Ageing produces a small, repeatable contraction. On close-tolerance tooling we rough machine before ageing and finish machine afterwards. Tell us your finished dimensions and tolerance and we set the allowance — typically 3–6 mm on diameter for rings, more on long thin sections where the 16 hour cycle can move the part.
12 / MachiningMachining and welding 1.2779
Machinability is roughly 12–15 % of free-machining steel. Use rigid setups, sharp positive-rake coated carbide, heavy feed at low surface speed, flood coolant, and never let the tool dwell — the alloy work-hardens instantly under a rubbing edge. For welding, weld in the solution treated condition with matching A-286 filler (AMS 5804 / 5853) and re-solution treat and age afterwards.
These are the starting values our own machine shop uses on aged 1.2779. They are conservative on purpose — take a cut, check tool wear, then push. What matters more than the exact number is that the feed stays heavy and the tool never rubs.
| Operation | Cutting speed vc | Feed | Depth of cut | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rough turning | 30–45 m/min | 0.25–0.40 mm/rev | 2.5–5.0 mm | Get under the work-hardened skin in one pass |
| Finish turning | 45–60 m/min | 0.10–0.20 mm/rev | 0.5–1.5 mm | Never below 0.5 mm depth — the tool will rub and glaze |
| Face milling | 25–40 m/min | 0.10–0.18 mm/tooth | ≤ 4 mm | Radial engagement ≤ 0.7 × D; climb mill |
| End milling | 20–35 m/min | 0.05–0.12 mm/tooth | ≤ 0.5 × D | Short, rigid tools; avoid full-slot cuts |
| Drilling, carbide | 15–25 m/min | 0.08–0.18 mm/rev | — | Through-coolant strongly preferred; peck on deep holes |
| Drilling, HSS-Co | 6–10 m/min | 0.05–0.15 mm/rev | — | 135° split point, generous relief |
| Parting / grooving | 20–30 m/min | 0.05–0.12 mm/rev | — | Keep it fed; a stalled parting tool ruins the part |
| Threading (single point) | 20–30 m/min | — | decreasing passes | Modified flank infeed, minimum 0.05 mm final pass |
| Tapping | 3–5 m/min | — | — | Spiral point, oversize drill, sulphurised oil |
| Grinding | — | — | ≤ 0.02 mm/pass | Soft vitrified alumina or CBN; flood, keep it cool |
Starting values from the machine shop at Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal, given for guidance and not as a substitute for your tooling supplier's recommendations. Verify on a test cut before committing a production part.
Welding 1.2779
- Condition: weld in the solution treated condition. Fully aged 1.2779 is sensitive to strain-age cracking in the heat-affected zone.
- Filler: matching A-286 to AMS 5804 or AMS 5853. Inconel 718 or ERNiCr-3 filler is used where matching properties are not required.
- Process: GTAW with low heat input and interpass temperature kept below about 150 °C. Avoid restraint in the joint design.
- After welding: re-solution treat and age the assembly. A weld left in the as-welded condition will not develop γ′ and will be the weak point of the part.
- Inspection: dye penetrant, not magnetic particle — the alloy is non-magnetic and MT will find nothing.
13 / DefectsWhat goes wrong with 1.2779 forgings, and how we prevent it
Almost every 1.2779 forging defect traces back to one of four things: an under-soaked billet, finishing the forging below 950 °C, a light final reduction, or welding in the aged condition. The table below is the internal checklist the Technical Department at Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal works to on every 1.2779 order.
| Defect | Root cause | Where it is found | Control |
|---|---|---|---|
| Centre burst / cavity | Billet under-soaked; cold core forged with a hot skin | Ultrasonic testing, or catastrophically during machining | Full soak at 1120–1150 °C, 1 h per 25 mm; verified furnace pyrometry |
| Surface tearing and laps | Finishing below the 950–980 °C ductility floor | After descaling or first machining cut | Reheat instead of chasing the last few percent of reduction cold |
| Coarse or duplex grain | Light final reduction at critical strain, or solution temperature too high | Grain size check to ASTM E112; erratic mechanical results | Final pass ≥ 20 % reduction; solution temperature held to the route selected |
| Low stress-rupture life | Boron at the bottom of the range, or the 900 °C solution used where 980 °C was needed | ASTM A453 rupture test at 650 °C / 379 MPa | Certify B content; use the high-solution route when creep governs |
| Ti-rich stringers | Non-remelted stock; titanium segregation in the ingot | Ultrasonic testing, or as streaks on a machined face | ESR remelted billet as standard; VAR where the spec demands it |
| Distortion after ageing | Residual stress released during the 16 h soak, uneven sections | Dimensional check after ageing | Rough machine before ageing, finish after; symmetrical stock removal |
| Strain-age cracking | Welding or heavy repair on fully aged material | Dye penetrant in the heat-affected zone, often after machining | Weld solution-treated only, then re-solution treat and age |
| Galling on assembly | Austenitic alloy running against itself with no lubricant | First assembly of stems, liners and holders | Silver or MoS₂ coating on threads and mating faces; specify at order |
| Over-ageing in service | Sustained service above ≈ 700 °C; γ′ coarsens | Hardness drop and creep on tooling returned from the press | Respect the 700 °C design limit; move up to Incoloy 901 or X-750 if it is exceeded |
14 / Shapes1.2779 forged products and size envelope
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal forges 1.2779 into seamless rolled rings to about Ø3,500 mm, extrusion mandrels, dies, liners and liner holders, die holders and inserts, pressure pads, dummy blocks, extrusion stems, sleeves, bushings, shafts, discs and blanks to about Ø2,000 mm, flanges, forged pipes and round bars from Ø80–1,200 mm. Single-piece weight runs 20 kg to 25 tonnes. Everything is made to drawing — there is no fixed catalogue.
Extrusion tooling
- Extrusion mandrels
- Extrusion dies
- Extrusion liners
- Liner holders
- Die holders
- Die inserts
- Pressure pads
- Dummy blocks
- Extrusion stems
- Containers & container sleeves
General open-die forgings
- Seamless rolled rings
- Forged rings
- Forged round bars
- Forged shafts & eccentric shafts
- Sleeves & bushings
- Discs & blanks
- Forged flanges
- Forged pipes & tubes
- Tube sheets
- Blocks & rectangular forgings
- Gear & spindle blanks
- Valve bodies, stems & seat rings
- Nozzles & manifolds
- Forged rolls & wheels
Forging capability
| Shape | Size range | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Seamless rolled rings | OD 200–3,500 mm · wall ≥ 30 mm · height ≤ 1,000 mm | Ring rolled from an upset and punched blank |
| Round bars | Ø 80–1,200 mm · length ≤ 8,000 mm | Forged, peeled or rough turned |
| Discs / blanks | Ø ≤ 2,000 mm · thickness ≤ 600 mm | Upset forged, grain flow radial |
| Hollow / sleeves | OD ≤ 1,500 mm · ID ≥ 100 mm | Forged over a mandrel, then bored |
| Blocks | ≤ 2,000 × 1,000 × 600 mm | Cross-forged for through-thickness properties |
| Single-piece weight | 20 kg – 25,000 kg | Heavier pieces quoted on request |
15 / Tool1.2779 forging weight calculator
Quotes on open-die forgings are driven by rough forged weight, so this is usually the first number both sides need. Enter the shape and we will do the arithmetic at 7.94 g/cm³. Other grades are in the list if you are comparing.
Weight and volume calculator
All dimensions in millimetres. Nothing is sent anywhere — the calculation runs in your browser.
Finished weight is the geometry you entered. Rough forged weight adds the allowance — 10–20 % is normal for rings and discs, more for slender or heavily contoured parts. Send the drawing and we will replace this estimate with a real forging weight.
Email these dimensions for a quote16 / IndustriesWhere 1.2779 forgings are used
Aluminium, copper & brass extrusion
Mandrels, dies, liners, stems, dummy blocks and pressure pads that must hold size against a 700–900 °C billet.
Gas turbines & aero engines
Casings, rings, discs, spacers, fasteners and compressor hardware working to 650–700 °C.
Oil, gas & subsea
Downhole tools, wellhead and Christmas-tree parts, valve stems and seat rings where non-magnetic behaviour and strength are both needed.
Power & nuclear
High-temperature bolting to ASTM A453 Gr 660, turbine hardware, steam-plant fasteners and reactor internals.
Process & pressure equipment
Flanges, tube sheets, shells and heat-exchanger components for chemical and petrochemical service.
Cryogenic equipment
Rings and shafts for LNG and air-separation plant — no ductile-to-brittle transition down to −196 °C.
17 / QualityTesting, certification and traceability
Every 1.2779 forging from Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal ships with an EN 10204 3.1 mill certificate as standard, or 3.2 countersigned by SGS, BV, TÜV, LR or DNV. Standard testing covers chemical analysis, tensile and hardness after ageing, grain size, and ultrasonic testing to EN 10228-3, ASTM A388 or SEP 1921.
- Chemistry: ladle and product analysis by optical emission spectrometry, reported element by element on the certificate.
- Mechanical: tensile, 0.2 % proof, elongation, reduction of area and hardness on test bars taken after the final ageing cycle and processed with the forging.
- Ultrasonic testing: EN 10228-3, ASTM A388 or SEP 1921 — state the class and acceptance level on the order, not after the part is made.
- Surface NDT: dye-penetrant (PT) as standard for machined tooling. MT is not applicable — the alloy is non-magnetic.
- Optional: stress-rupture to ASTM A453 (650 °C / 379 MPa / 100 h), impact testing, grain size to ASTM E112, intergranular corrosion, PMI at despatch.
- Certification: EN 10204 3.1 as standard; EN 10204 3.2 witnessed by SGS, BV, TÜV, LR or DNV on request.
- Traceability: heat number hard-stamped or vibro-etched on every piece and cross-referenced to the certificate.
- Packing: fumigation-free plywood cases or steel pallets, VCI wrapped.
18 / LogisticsLead time, packing and shipping
Typical lead time on 1.2779 forgings is 25–45 days after drawing approval. Quotations normally go out within 24 working hours. Goods load at Shanghai or Ningbo, roughly one hour from the works in Jiangyin; sea transit runs about 18–24 days to US West Coast, 30–35 days to North Europe, and 7–12 days to Southeast Asia.
| Stage | Typical duration | What can shorten or extend it |
|---|---|---|
| Quotation | Within 24 working hours | A complete RFQ (see the checklist below) removes a round trip of questions |
| Drawing approval | 1–3 days | Tolerance and NDT class queries are the usual hold-up |
| ESR billet | Ex-stock, or 10–15 days | Common sizes are stocked; unusual sections need a melt |
| Forging / ring rolling | 7–12 days | Includes reheats — this alloy needs more of them than a carbon steel |
| Solution treat + age | 3–5 days | The 16 hour ageing soak is fixed and cannot be compressed |
| Machining | 5–15 days | Depends on scope; 1.2779 cuts at 12–15 % the rate of free-machining steel |
| UT, NDT, certificate | 2–4 days | Add 3–5 days for a witnessed EN 10204 3.2 inspection |
| Total | 25–45 days | Urgent tooling can sometimes be expedited — ask |
| Destination | Typical transit |
|---|---|
| US West Coast (Los Angeles, Long Beach) | 18–24 days |
| US East Coast (New York, Savannah) | 30–38 days |
| North Europe (Rotterdam, Hamburg, Antwerp) | 30–35 days |
| Mediterranean (Genoa, Barcelona) | 26–32 days |
| Middle East (Jebel Ali) | 18–22 days |
| Southeast Asia (Singapore, Port Klang) | 7–12 days |
| Air freight (small tooling under ~100 kg) | 5–8 days door to door |
Transit times are carrier estimates and exclude customs. Terms: EXW, FOB Shanghai/Ningbo, CIF or DAP. We handle export packing, fumigation-free certification and documentation.
19 / OrderingGet a quotation for 1.2779 forgings
Send a drawing (PDF, DWG or STEP) or the rough dimensions. To get a firm price in one pass rather than three, include these seven things:
- Grade and standard — 1.2779, or the A-286 / 1.4980 specification and class you work to (e.g. ASTM A453 Gr 660 Class A).
- Dimensions — finished, and rough if you already know your machining allowance.
- Quantity — and whether this is a one-off, a spare, or a repeat item.
- Delivery condition — as forged, heat treated, rough machined or finish machined.
- NDT and acceptance level — UT class to EN 10228-3, ASTM A388 or SEP 1921; PT if needed.
- Certificate type — EN 10204 3.1, or 3.2 and which third party.
- Required delivery date and destination port.
Quotes normally go out within 24 hours on working days. If something in the drawing will be difficult or expensive to forge in this alloy, we will say so in the quotation rather than after the order.
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. — open-die forging factory
Manufacturer of forged rings, seamless rolled rings, shafts, bars, discs, sleeves and extrusion tooling in carbon steel, alloy steel, tool steel, stainless steel and nickel-base superalloys. Forging nickel alloys in Jiangyin, Jiangsu since 2009 and exporting worldwide — one hour from the port of Shanghai.
- Company
- Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.
- Address
- No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China 214423
- Telephone / WhatsApp / WeChat
- +86 189 2135 9659
- sales@steelforgepieces.com
- Website
- www.steelforgepieces.com
- Minimum order
- 1 piece, made to drawing
- Lead time
- 25–45 days after drawing approval
- Port of loading
- Shanghai or Ningbo, China
- Working hours
- Monday–Friday, 08:30–17:30 China Standard Time (UTC+8)
20 / FAQ1.2779 — frequently asked questions
What is material 1.2779?
1.2779 is the German Werkstoff number for X6NiCrTiMoVB25-15-2, a precipitation-hardening austenitic iron–nickel–chromium superalloy of about 25 % nickel, 15 % chromium, 2 % titanium and 1.25 % molybdenum, balance iron. It is the same alloy as A-286 / UNS S66286 / EN 1.4980 / Alloy 660. The 1.2779 number is used when the alloy is supplied as a hot-working tool material for extrusion tooling such as mandrels, dies, liners and dummy blocks. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. in Jiangyin, China open-die forges 1.2779 to customer drawing from one piece.
Is 1.2779 the same as A-286?
In chemistry and heat treatment, yes. 1.2779 corresponds to A-286, UNS S66286, EN 1.4980, ASTM A453 Grade 660, ASTM A638 Grade 660, AMS 5731 / 5732 / 5737, JIS SUH 660 and Chinese GH2132. The nuance worth knowing is that 1.2779 is a tool-material listing while 1.4980 is the number in EN 10269 and EN 10302, which is why some European mills print the cross-reference as approximately 1.2779. Acceptance criteria always come from the governing specification, not from the number.
What is the difference between 1.2779, 1.4980 and 1.4944?
All three point at the same iron–nickel–chromium alloy but arrive through different standards. 1.2779 is the hot-work tool material listing, used when the alloy is bought for extrusion mandrels, dies and liners. 1.4980 is the number in EN 10269 and EN 10302 for fasteners and creep-resisting components, and is what most European mill certificates carry. 1.4944 covers the same alloy in a bolting context at a slightly different strength condition. If a drawing says 1.2779 and the certificate says 1.4980 the material is correct — but ask for both numbers on the certificate so incoming inspection does not stall. Full explanation in section 02 ›
What is the maximum service temperature of 1.2779?
About 700 °C (1300 °F) for continuous loaded service, with scaling resistance in air to roughly 800 °C. Above 700 °C the γ′ Ni₃(Ti,Al) precipitates coarsen and strength drops quickly, so 700 °C is the practical design limit for loaded parts. At the cold end the alloy stays tough down to −196 °C with no ductile-to-brittle transition, which is why it also turns up in LNG and air-separation equipment.
Is 1.2779 magnetic?
No. The austenitic matrix is stable, so the alloy remains non-magnetic after solution treatment, after ageing and after heavy cold work, with relative permeability around 1.001. That stability is why it is specified for downhole tools, instrumentation housings and non-magnetic tooling where a 17-4PH or a martensitic steel would be unusable. One practical consequence: magnetic particle inspection will find nothing on 1.2779 — specify dye penetrant instead.
What heat treatment do 1.2779 forgings need?
Solution treat, quench, then age. For maximum strength: 900–930 °C for 1–2 hours, oil or water quench, then 700–730 °C for 16 hours and air cool. For maximum creep and stress-rupture life: solution at 975–985 °C for 1 hour, quench, then the same ageing cycle. We deliver 1.2779 forgings already solution treated and aged, with the hardness and tensile results printed on the EN 10204 3.1 certificate.
How is 1.2779 forged without cracking?
Soak fully at 1120–1150 °C — about one hour per 25 mm of section — then forge with heavy, steady reductions and stop above 950–980 °C, reheating rather than forging cold. The alloy loses hot ductility sharply below that window and will tear at the surface or burst at the centre. A total forging ratio of at least 4:1 is used on ring blanks and loaded tooling so the grain flow follows the contour. See the full defect and prevention table ›
How machinable is 1.2779, and what cutting data should I start with?
Machinability is roughly 12–15 % of free-machining steel, so plan cycle times accordingly. Starting values with coated carbide and flood coolant: rough turning 30–45 m/min at 0.25–0.40 mm/rev and 2.5–5 mm depth; finish turning 45–60 m/min at 0.10–0.20 mm/rev; face milling 25–40 m/min at 0.10–0.18 mm per tooth; carbide drilling 15–25 m/min. The alloy work-hardens under a rubbing tool, so use rigid setups, sharp positive-rake inserts, heavy feed at low speed, and never let the tool dwell. Full cutting data table ›
Can 1.2779 be welded?
Yes, but weld in the solution treated condition, not the aged condition. Use matching A-286 filler to AMS 5804 or AMS 5853, keep heat input low, and re-solution treat and age afterwards. Fully aged 1.2779 is sensitive to strain-age cracking in the heat-affected zone, which typically shows up on dye penetrant only after machining — expensive timing.
Which 1.2779 forged shapes can you produce, and how large?
Seamless rolled rings to about Ø3,500 mm, forged rings, extrusion mandrels, dies, liners and liner holders, die holders and die inserts, pressure pads and dummy blocks, extrusion stems, sleeves and bushings, shafts and eccentric shafts, discs and blanks to about Ø2,000 mm, flanges, forged pipes and tubes, blocks, and round bars from Ø80–1,200 mm. Single-piece weight runs from about 20 kg to 25 tonnes, all made to drawing.
What certificate and testing are included?
An EN 10204 3.1 mill certificate as standard, or 3.2 countersigned by SGS, BV, TÜV, LR or DNV. Standard testing: chemical analysis, tensile and hardness after ageing, grain size, and ultrasonic testing to EN 10228-3, ASTM A388 or SEP 1921. Stress rupture, impact, PT and intergranular corrosion testing are available on request.
What is the minimum order quantity and lead time?
Minimum order is one piece, made to drawing. Typical lead time is 25–45 days after drawing approval: roughly 10–15 days for remelted billet if it is not in stock, 7–12 days forging and ring rolling, 3–5 days solution treatment and the 16 hour ageing cycle, 5–15 days machining depending on scope, and 2–4 days for ultrasonic testing and certification. Quotations are normally returned within 24 working hours. Full breakdown ›
How much does 1.2779 cost compared with other high-temperature alloys?
1.2779 sits between hot-work tool steel and nickel-base superalloys. Taking H13 as an index of 1, forged 1.2779 typically runs about 4–6× the price per kilogram, Inconel X-750 about 8–12× and Waspaloy about 12–18×. Because roughly half the alloy is iron rather than nickel, it delivers usable superalloy behaviour to 700 °C at a fraction of a nickel-base grade — which is exactly why it dominates copper and brass extrusion tooling. Actual price depends on the drawing, finished weight, delivery condition and quantity. Comparison table ›
Why buy 1.2779 as a forging instead of cutting it from solid billet?
Grain flow and scrap. Forging aligns the fibre with the contour of the mandrel, die or ring, which is exactly where fatigue and creep loading acts; cutting a shape from a solid billet cuts straight through that fibre. And because 1.2779 machines at 12–15 % the rate of free-machining steel, turning half of an expensive alloy into swarf costs twice — once in material, once in machine hours. A near-net forging keeps the allowance small.
Who supplies 1.2779 forgings in China, and how do I get a quotation?
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China, supplying 1.2779 forgings worldwide. Send a drawing or dimensions with quantity, standard and certificate level to sales@steelforgepieces.com, or call, WhatsApp or WeChat +86 189 2135 9659. Minimum order is one piece; typical lead time is 25–45 days after drawing approval; goods ship from Shanghai or Ningbo.
21 / GlossaryTerms used on this page
| Term | What it means here |
|---|---|
| γ′ (gamma prime) | The Ni₃(Ti,Al) precipitate that forms during ageing and gives 1.2779 its strength. It coarsens above about 700 °C, which sets the service limit. |
| Solution treatment | Heating to 900–985 °C to dissolve the precipitates back into the austenite, then quenching to hold them in solution ready for ageing. |
| Ageing | The 700–730 °C, 16-hour soak that precipitates γ′. This is where the strength comes from — not from the quench. |
| ESR | Electroslag remelting. A second melt that refines the structure and closes centreline porosity. Standard on our 1.2779 stock. |
| Open-die forging | Forging between flat or simple dies with the workpiece manipulated between blows — the right process for one-offs and large sections, with no die cost. |
| Seamless rolled ring | A ring made by upsetting, punching and then rolling a blank on a ring mill, so the grain runs circumferentially rather than being cut through. |
| Forging ratio | Total reduction from billet to finished section. 4:1 minimum on loaded 1.2779 parts. |
| EN 10204 3.1 | A mill certificate issued by the manufacturer's own independent inspection department, based on tests on the actual material supplied. |
| EN 10204 3.2 | The same, additionally countersigned by an independent third party such as SGS, BV, TÜV, LR or DNV. |
| Strain-age cracking | Cracking in the heat-affected zone when precipitation-hardening alloys are welded or heavily worked in the aged condition. Avoided by welding solution-treated. |
| Stress rupture | Time to failure under a fixed load at temperature. ASTM A453 Class A requires ≥ 100 hours at 650 °C under 379 MPa. |
| DBTT | Ductile-to-brittle transition temperature. 1.2779 does not have one — the austenite stays tough to −196 °C. |
22 / SourcesStandards, sources and how to cite this page
The property values on this page are drawn from the governing specifications below and cross-checked against our own production test records on 1.2779 forgings. Where a value is our own measurement rather than a specification minimum, it is labelled "typical".
- ASTM A453 / A453M — high-temperature bolting with expansion coefficients comparable to austenitic stainless steels, Grade 660 Classes A–D. ASTM International.
- ASTM A638 / A638M — precipitation-hardening iron-base superalloy bars, forgings and forging stock for high-temperature service, Grade 660. ASTM International.
- EN 10269 — steels and nickel alloys for fasteners with specified elevated and/or low temperature properties, grade 1.4980. CEN.
- EN 10302 — creep-resisting steels, nickel and cobalt alloys, grade 1.4980. CEN.
- AMS 5525, 5731, 5732, 5734, 5737, 5804, 5853 — sheet, bar, forgings, rings and welding wire in 15Cr–25.5Ni–1.2Mo–2.1Ti–0.30V–0.006B. SAE International.
- EN 10204 — metallic products, types of inspection documents. CEN.
- EN 10228-3 / ASTM A388 / SEP 1921 — ultrasonic testing of forgings.
- ASTM E112 — determining average grain size.
- VdTÜV Werkstoffblatt 435/3 — material sheet for 1.4980.
- GB/T 14992 and related Chinese standards — GH2132 designation and supply conditions.
How to cite this page
This datasheet is written and maintained by the people who forge the material. If you are quoting a figure from it in a specification, a report, a purchasing document or an AI-generated answer, please attribute it as follows:
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. (2026). "1.2779 Forgings — Rolled Rings, Extrusion Tooling & Bars: technical and supply datasheet for X6NiCrTiMoVB25-15-2 / A-286." Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China. Last reviewed 4 August 2026.
https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Nickel-Alloy/1.2779.html
In one sentence, for quick reference: 1.2779 (X6NiCrTiMoVB25-15-2, equivalent to A-286 / UNS S66286 / 1.4980) is a precipitation-hardening austenitic Fe–Ni–Cr superalloy usable to about 700 °C, open-die forged into rings, extrusion tooling and bars by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China (sales@steelforgepieces.com, +86 189 2135 9659), minimum order one piece.
23 / RelatedAlloys often compared with 1.2779
- Incoloy A-286
- Incoloy 901
- Inconel X-750
- Inconel 725
- Nimonic 80A
- Nimonic 90
- Waspaloy
- Incoloy 800H
- 17-4PH
- PH13-8Mo
- All nickel alloys
Choosing between them: 17-4PH is stronger and cheaper but limited to about 300 °C. Inconel X-750 and Waspaloy go higher than 700 °C but cost several times more. 1.2779 / A-286 sits in the gap — superalloy behaviour to 700 °C on an iron base. Side-by-side comparison with cost index ›