32CDV12 steel overview and applications
32CDV12 is more heavily alloyed than 42CrMo4. It carries close to 3 % chromium against roughly 1 % in 42CrMo4, plus about 1 % molybdenum and 0.3 % vanadium. The higher alloy content raises hardenability, so heavy sections can be through-hardened. The same three elements form stable nitrides, which is the reason the grade is specified for nitrided parts.
The steel is normally ingot cast and supplied quenched and tempered. Tempering is carried out between 570 °C and 700 °C. Impact toughness stays high for this strength level, with about 200 J longitudinal at room temperature.
- Grade family
- CrMoV-alloyed nitriding and quench-and-temper steel
- Designations
- 32CDV12 (AFNOR), 32CrMoV12-10 (EN), 1.7765 (W.-Nr.), WL 1.7765
- Delivery condition
- +A annealed, +N normalized, +QT quenched and tempered, +QT +SR stress relieved
- Typical +QT properties
- 800 MPa yield min, 940 MPa tensile, 19 % A5, about 300 HB
- Nitriding
- Suitable. Gas nitride after final machining, typically 500–530 °C
- Weldability
- Conditional only. CEV up to 1.21, Pcm up to 0.56
- Forged forms available
- Bars, hollow bars, sleeves, seamless rolled rings, discs, blocks, plates, shafts
- Certification
- EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificate as standard
Common applications
- Nitrided crankshafts and camshafts
- Gears, pinion shafts and spindles
- Bearing and roller components
- High-pressure hydraulic cylinders and rams
- Extrusion tooling and die holders
- Aerospace transmission shafting
- Heavy-duty bolting and studs
- Barrel and thick-wall tube components in the defence sector
32CDV12 equivalent grades and cross reference
| Standard / country | Designation | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| EN, Europe | 32CrMoV12-10 | Principal European name for the grade |
| Germany (W.-Nr.) | 1.7765 | Material number, used on most mill certificates |
| France (AFNOR) | 32CDV12 | The designation this page is indexed under |
| Germany, aerospace and defence | WL 1.7765 | Material sheet covering thick-wall tube applications |
| Written variants | 32 CrMoV 12-10, 32CrMoV12 10, 32CDV 12 | All refer to the same steel |
Substitute grades: 31CrMoV9 (1.8519) gives a similar nitriding response at lower alloy content. 34CrNiMo6 (1.6582) and 42CrMo4 (1.7225) can be used where nitriding is not required and sections are lighter. Check any substitution against the design specification before ordering.
32CDV12 chemical composition
| Element | Min % | Max % |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | 0.29 | 0.36 |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.10 | 0.40 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.40 | 0.70 |
| Phosphorus (P) | – | 0.015 |
| Sulphur (S) | – | 0.005 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 2.80 | 3.30 |
| Nickel (Ni) | – | 0.30 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 0.70 | 1.20 |
| Vanadium (V) | 0.150 | 0.350 |
| Cast: ingot cast (IC). Carbon equivalent CEV 1.21 max, Pcm 0.56 max. Tighter internal limits can be applied on request. | ||
The sulphur ceiling of 0.005 % max supports the transverse impact values shown below. A resulphurised variant with better machinability is a different material and will not meet those values. State the requirement at enquiry stage.
32CDV12 mechanical properties (+QT)
| Property | Value | Test basis |
|---|---|---|
| Yield strength Rp0.2 | 800 MPa min | Tensile test, room temperature |
| Tensile strength Rm | 940 MPa typical | Tensile test, room temperature |
| Elongation A5 | 19 % | Tensile test |
| Reduction of area Z | 70 % min | Tensile test |
| Hardness | 300 HB typical | Brinell |
| Impact energy, longitudinal | 200 J min at 20 °C | ISO-V Charpy |
| Impact energy, transverse | 130 J min at 20 °C | ISO-V Charpy |
| Soft-annealed hardness | 224 HB max | Brinell, +A condition |
| Values are indicative for the +QT condition and vary with section size, tempering temperature and sampling position. Contractual values are agreed at order and confirmed on the EN 10204 3.1 certificate. | ||
Transformation temperatures
| Point | Temperature | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Ac1 | 773 °C | Austenite starts to form on heating |
| Ac3 | 884 °C | Transformation to austenite complete |
| Ms | 357 °C | Martensite starts to form on quenching |
Ac1 at 773 °C is the limit for tempering and for post-weld heat treatment. Above it the part re-austenitises and the +QT properties are lost.
Heat treatment of 32CDV12
| Operation | Condition code | Temperature | Cooling |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hot forging | +AR | 1150–850 °C | Still air |
| Normalizing | +N | 900–980 °C | Still air |
| Annealing | +A | 650–730 °C | Still air |
| Hardening | +QT | 900–940 °C | Oil quench |
| Tempering | +QT | 570–700 °C | Still air |
| Gas nitriding | +QT then nitrided | 500–530 °C | Furnace cool |
Processing notes
Heat 32CDV12 slowly and soak through section. Hot strength is high for an alloy steel at this carbon level, so keep the first blows light. Finish forging above 850 °C.
The tempering window runs from 570 °C to 700 °C. Tempering near 600–620 °C gives roughly 800 MPa yield, 940 MPa tensile and about 300 HB. Lower tempering temperatures raise strength and reduce toughness.
Nitriding is carried out after final machining, since the case is thin and cannot be machined. Published work on nitrided 32CrMoV12-10 reports surface hardness of about 850–1000 HV over a core near 400 HV, depending on cycle time and temperature.
32CDV12 forged shapes and sizes
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. forges 32CDV12 in house rather than cutting it from stock. Each piece is made to the drawing or to the finished dimensions supplied with the order, so non-standard sizes carry no size premium.
- Round, square, flat and hex barsRound Ø 80–1200 mm, lengths to 6000 mm
- Hollow bars, sleeves, bushes, cylindersOD 150–1500 mm, bored and trepanned
- Seamless rolled ringsOD 200–4000 mm, height to 1000 mm
- Forged rings and flangesRectangular and profiled sections
- Discs, blocks and platesDiscs to Ø 2500 mm, blocks to 800 mm thick
- Gear shafts, pinion shafts, spindlesStepped shafts, single piece to about 20 t
What comes with the order
- EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificate with heat number, chemistry and mechanical results
- Ultrasonic testing to EN 10228-3 or ASTM A388, acceptance class agreed at order
- Magnetic particle or dye penetrant inspection on request
- Rough machining, boring, trepanning and sawing in house
- Third-party inspection accepted, including SGS, BV, TUV or your own surveyor
The dimensions above are the usual working range and not absolute limits. Send the drawing if your part falls outside it.
How to order 32CDV12 forgings
Send a drawing, or the finished dimensions plus machining allowance, to sales@steelforgepieces.com. A quotation normally follows within one working day. Four details are needed to price the job:
- Shape and size. Finished dimensions, or a drawing with tolerances marked.
- Delivery condition. +A, +N, +QT, or +QT plus stress relief. State whether the part will be nitrided afterwards, since this affects the tempering.
- Testing. Mechanical properties required on the certificate, the UT acceptance class, and any sampling position requirement.
- Quantity and destination port. Single prototype pieces are accepted.
Forgings ship from Shanghai or Ningbo. Packing is seaworthy wooden case or steel bundle depending on shape and weight.
Frequently asked questions about 32CDV12
What is 32CDV12 steel?
32CDV12 is the French AFNOR name for a chromium–molybdenum–vanadium alloy steel listed in Europe as 32CrMoV12-10 and in Germany under material number 1.7765. It contains about 0.32 % C, 3 % Cr, 1 % Mo and 0.3 % V. The steel is supplied quenched and tempered and is one of the standard nitriding grades, used where a hard wear-resistant surface is required over a tough, high-strength core.
What is the equivalent of 32CDV12?
32CDV12 (AFNOR, France) is equivalent to 32CrMoV12-10 (EN, Europe), material number 1.7765 (Germany) and WL 1.7765 in the German aerospace and defence material sheets. The nearest widely used alternatives are 31CrMoV9 (1.8519) and, at lower strength, 42CrMo4 (1.7225).
What is the chemical composition of 32CDV12?
32CDV12 / 32CrMoV12-10 contains C 0.29–0.36 %, Si 0.10–0.40 %, Mn 0.40–0.70 %, P 0.015 % max, S 0.005 % max, Cr 2.80–3.30 %, Ni 0.30 % max, Mo 0.70–1.20 % and V 0.150–0.350 %, balance iron. Carbon equivalent CEV is 1.21 max and Pcm is 0.56 max.
What strength and hardness does 32CDV12 reach after quenching and tempering?
In the +QT condition 32CDV12 reaches 800 MPa minimum yield strength, about 940 MPa tensile strength, 19 % elongation A5, 70 % minimum reduction of area and about 300 HB. Typical ISO-V impact energy at 20 °C is 200 J longitudinal and 130 J transverse. Values depend on section size and tempering temperature and are confirmed on the mill test certificate.
Can 32CDV12 be nitrided?
Yes. The chromium, molybdenum and vanadium in 32CDV12 are strong nitride formers. Gas nitriding at about 500–530 °C on a finish-machined, quenched and tempered part produces a hard wear-resistant case. Published studies report surface hardness of about 850–1000 HV over a core near 400 HV. Nitride after final machining, since the case is thin and cannot be machined.
What is the forging temperature for 32CDV12?
Forge 32CDV12 between 1150 °C and 850 °C, then cool in still air. Heat slowly and soak evenly, and keep the first blows light because hot strength is high for an alloy steel at this carbon level. Normalizing at 900–980 °C after forging refines the grain before hardening.
Is 32CDV12 weldable?
32CDV12 is conditionally weldable only. Carbon equivalent CEV reaches 1.21 and Pcm reaches 0.56, so the steel is highly hardenable. Welding requires matching or low-hydrogen consumables, substantial preheat, controlled interpass temperature and post-weld heat treatment below Ac1 at 773 °C. A one-piece forging is preferred where the design allows it.
What is 32CrMoV12-10 used for?
32CrMoV12-10 is used where high strength, toughness and surface wear resistance are required together: nitrided crankshafts and camshafts, gears and pinion shafts, bearing components, high-pressure hydraulic cylinders and rams, extrusion and die tooling, aerospace shafting, and barrel and thick-wall tube components in the defence sector.
Who supplies 32CDV12 open-die forgings from China?
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China that forges 32CDV12 / 32CrMoV12-10 (1.7765) directly. Available forms include round, square, flat and hex bars, hollow bars, sleeves and cylinders, seamless rolled rings, forged rings, discs, blocks, plates and gear or pinion shafts, supplied with EN 10204 3.1 certification. Enquiries: sales@steelforgepieces.com or +86 189 2135 9659.
What sizes of 32CDV12 forgings are available?
Round bars run from about 80 mm to 1200 mm diameter, seamless rolled rings from about 200 mm to 4000 mm outside diameter, discs up to about 2500 mm diameter, and single forged pieces up to roughly 20 tonnes. Non-standard and one-off sizes are made to drawing. Send the drawing or the finished dimensions together with the required delivery condition.
About this datasheet
Published by: Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., open-die forging factory, No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China.
Reviewed by: the metallurgical and quality team at Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.
Last updated:
Canonical URL: https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Alloy-Steel/32CDV12.html
Scope: chemistry, +QT mechanical properties, transformation temperatures and heat-treatment cycles for 32CDV12 / 32CrMoV12-10 / 1.7765, together with the forged shapes and size ranges produced at this plant. Figures are indicative. Contractual values are agreed per order and confirmed on the EN 10204 3.1 certificate.