Summary
ASTM A182 Grade F310 (UNS S31000) is the forging specification for 310 grade stainless steel, a 25 % chromium and 20 % nickel austenitic material used for bare forgings and forged and machined products in high-temperature service. Specified minimum properties are 75 ksi (515 MPa) tensile, 30 ksi (205 MPa) yield, 30 % elongation and 50 % reduction of area.
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., an open-die forging factory in Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China, forges A182 F310 to customer drawings, from single prototypes to production batches, with EN 10204-3.1 or 3.2 certificates. Enquiries: +86-189-2135-9659 or sales@steelforgepieces.com.
Chemical composition
| Element | Symbol | Composition % |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon | C | 0.25 max |
| Manganese | Mn | 2.00 max |
| Phosphorus | P | 0.045 max |
| Sulfur | S | 0.030 max |
| Silicon | Si | 1.00 max |
| Chromium | Cr | 24.00 to 26.00 |
| Nickel | Ni | 19.00 to 22.00 |
| Iron | Fe | Balance |
Molybdenum and copper are not specified elements for Grade F310. If your design needs controlled residual Mo or Cu, give the limits with the enquiry and we will agree them as a supplementary requirement on the test report. Order to the current issue of ASTM A182/A182M.
Mechanical properties
| Property | US units | SI units |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile strength, min | 75 ksi | 515 MPa |
| Yield strength, min | 30 ksi | 205 MPa |
| Elongation in 2 in. [50 mm] or 4D, min | 30 % | 30 % |
| Reduction of area, min | 50 % | 50 % |
These are specification minima, not typical test results. Actual heat values appear on the EN 10204-3.1 or 3.2 certificate issued with the order.
Melting, forging and heat treatment
We melt F310 by EAF plus VOD. ESR is available where tighter cleanliness or less segregation is wanted for thick sections and critical rotating parts. Ingots are open-die forged on hydraulic presses, or ring rolled for seamless rolled rings, with the forging reduction and grain flow set to suit the finished part.
F310 is an austenitic grade and is supplied solution annealed and rapidly cooled, which puts carbides into solution and restores corrosion resistance. The cycle is set per section thickness to the applicable revision of ASTM A182. Where you specify a written heat treatment procedure, we work to it and record the chart.
Service properties
Oxidation resistance
High chromium with 20 % nickel resists scaling in hot oxidising atmospheres. This is the main reason 310 grade material is used for furnace hardware.
Hot strength
Holds useful strength at elevated temperature, so parts keep their form under load where 304 or 316 would sag.
Ductility and welding
Very ductile and readily welded, which suits fabricated assemblies, baskets, jigs and repair work.
Fully austenitic
Non-magnetic in the annealed condition and tough at low temperature, with no ductile to brittle transition of the kind found in ferritic steels.
Forged product forms in A182 F310
Each item below is produced as an open-die or ring-rolled forging, rough machined or finish machined to your drawing and tolerance.
| Forged product form | Typical application |
|---|---|
| Forged rings and seamless rolled rings | Furnace parts, oil burner components, carburising boxes, power transmission rings |
| Forged flanges and tube sheets | Heat exchangers, separators, paper industry, oil and gas production, desalination plant |
| Forged shafts, spindles and eccentric shafts | Turbines, gas compressors, gearboxes, heavy machinery drivelines |
| Forged round bars and blanks | Machining stock for gears, fasteners, valve internals, instrument parts |
| Forged disks, discs and wheels | Industrial air compressors, power generators, nitrogen generators |
| Forged sleeves and bushings | Offshore and onshore systems, subsea and deepwater oil production equipment |
| Forged valve bodies, stems, seat rings and blocks | Ball, gate, globe, check and plug valves, strainers |
| Forged tubes, pipe and nozzles | Pressure boundary parts, thermal oxidisers, pharmaceutical and biochemical plant |
| Forged manifolds and rolls | Shipbuilding, pulp and paper, food processing equipment and storage |
Related pages: open-die forged parts | forged pieces | all stainless steel forging grades
Testing, inspection and certification
Ultrasonic testing is carried out to EN 10228-3, SEP 1921 or ASTM A388, to the acceptance class you nominate. Certificates are issued to EN 10204-3.1, or EN 10204-3.2 with third party witness such as TUV, SGS, BV, LR or your own inspector. Chemical analysis, tensile and impact tests, hardness, PMI, dimensional reports and NDT reports are supplied as required. Customer and end user witness inspection at our works is accepted.
Related 25Cr-20Ni designations
Names in this family are often mixed up, and the difference matters because it is a carbon content difference that affects hot strength and behaviour after welding.
| Designation | System | Relationship to A182 F310 |
|---|---|---|
| A182 F310 / UNS S31000 | ASTM / UNS | The grade on this page. Carbon 0.25 % max. |
| AISI 310 | AISI | The wrought 25Cr-20Ni grade that F310 forgings correspond to. |
| 310S / UNS S31008 / 1.4845 / X8CrNi25-21 | ASTM / UNS / EN | Related but not identical. Low-carbon variant of the 25Cr-20Ni family and a separate designation from S31000. |
Confirm on your purchase order which designation governs. We also forge S31008, 1.4845, X8CrNi25-21 and Alloy 310 material, so either can be supplied once the grade is stated without ambiguity and the correct heat is allocated.
Questions we are asked
What is ASTM A182 F310?
It is the forging material specification for 310 grade stainless steel, UNS S31000, a 25 % chromium and 20 % nickel austenitic material for bare forgings and forged and machined products in high-temperature service. ASTM A182 covers composition, mechanical properties, heat treatment and supplementary requirements.
What are the minimum mechanical properties?
Tensile strength 75 ksi (515 MPa) min, yield strength 30 ksi (205 MPa) min, elongation in 2 in. or 4D of 30 % min, reduction of area 50 % min.
Is A182 F310 the same as 310S or 1.4845?
No. A182 F310 is UNS S31000 with carbon up to 0.25 %. EN 1.4845 and X8CrNi25-21 correspond to 310S, UNS S31008, the low-carbon variant. They sit in the same 25Cr-20Ni family but stay separate designations, so write the grade exactly as required on the order and the certificate.
What sizes and weights can you forge?
Open-die forgings and rolled rings are made to individual drawings, so the workable envelope depends on geometry rather than a fixed size list. Send the drawing, or the OD by ID by height or length, with the quantity, and we confirm feasibility, weight and price for your part.
Can you supply one prototype piece?
Yes. Parts are open-die forged rather than made from dedicated dies, so single pieces and small batches are ordinary work here, alongside repeat production quantities.
What do you need for a quotation?
Grade A182 F310, the drawing or main dimensions, quantity, supply condition (as forged, rough machined or finish machined), NDT class, certificate level EN 10204-3.1 or 3.2, and the destination port.
Request a quotation for A182 F310 forgings
Send the size or drawing of the A182 F310 forged part you need. We reply with price, weight, lead time and the test and certification scope that applies.
- CompanyJiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.
Open-Die Forging Factory - AddressNo.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China
- Telephone / WhatsApp+86-189-2135-9659
- Emailsales@steelforgepieces.com
Other grades we forge
Data on this page is compiled from published ASTM A182/A182M Grade F310 grade summaries and is given for guidance. The governing documents are the current issue of ASTM A182/A182M and your purchase order.