SummaryLast reviewed 25 August 2026
NiCu30Fe is a nickel-copper alloy with a minimum of 63 % nickel and 28 to 34 % copper. Its Werkstoff number is 2.4360 under DIN 17744, and its ASTM designation is UNS N04400. It holds up in flowing seawater, hydrofluoric acid, dilute reducing acids and caustic soda, and it does not crack in hot chlorides the way 304 and 316 stainless do.
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. forges this grade to order at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China. Rolled rings, flanges, bars, discs, shafts, sleeves, bushings and tube sheets, with EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2 certificates. Send drawings to sales@steelforgepieces.com or call +86 189 2135 9659.
- UNS
- N04400
- Werkstoff
- 2.4360
- Nickel min.
- 63 %
- Copper
- 28 to 34 %
- Density
- 8.80 g/cm³
What is NiCu30Fe?
Nickel and copper dissolve into each other at any ratio. NiCu30Fe therefore has one phase, one microstructure, and nothing in it to precipitate. Heat treatment cannot harden it. A bar, a ring and a flange cut from the same heat all behave the same.
The nickel handles reducing acids and alkalis. The copper handles seawater, brine and hydrofluoric acid. Very few materials cover dilute reducing acid and concentrated caustic soda at once, and stay tough from cryogenic temperature up to roughly 480 °C on top of that.
The composition dates from 1905. It is still the default pick for HF alkylation units, seawater pump and propeller shafts, and valve trim in brine.
Trade name. NiCu30Fe is the same alloy sold as Monel 400. Monel is a registered trademark of Special Metals Corporation. We have no affiliation with them. The name appears here so buyers working from a Monel drawing can match the designation.
NiCu30Fe equivalent grades and designations
The same composition gets written seven different ways, depending on which standard the drawing came from. One forging can carry more than one of them on the same test report.
| System / country | Designation | Governing standard |
|---|---|---|
| Germany (DIN / EN) | NiCu30Fe, W.Nr. 2.4360 | DIN 17744 |
| USA (UNS / ASTM) | UNS N04400, Alloy 400 | ASTM B564, B127, B164, B165, B366 |
| ASME pressure code | SB-564 N04400 | ASME BPVC Sec. II Part B |
| United Kingdom | NA13 | BS 3072 to 3076 |
| Japan | NW4400 | JIS H 4551 / H 4552 |
| China | NCu30, NCu28-2.5-1.5 | GB/T 15007, GB/T 15062 |
| Trade name | Monel 400 (Special Metals Corp.) | n/a |
Cross-references are nominal. Where an order names two standards, the tighter limits apply and go on the EN 10204 certificate.
Chemical composition of NiCu30Fe
Nickel runs at 63 % minimum and copper between 28 and 34 %. Everything else is a maximum limit. Nickel is reported as nickel plus cobalt.
| Limit | Ni (+Co) | Cu | Fe | Mn | C | S | Si |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum | 63.0 | 28.0 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Maximum | n/a | 34.0 | 2.50 | 2.00 | 0.30 | 0.024 | 0.50 |
Limits per ASTM B564 and DIN 17744 for UNS N04400. Ladle and product analysis both appear on the mill certificate.
Mechanical properties of NiCu30Fe
Annealed bar gives 480 MPa (70 ksi) tensile, 170 MPa (25 ksi) at 0.2 % proof, 35 % elongation. The alloy work-hardens rather than age-hardens, so cold-drawn and stress-relieved stock runs a lot stronger and a lot less ductile.
| Form | Condition | Tensile Rm, MPa (ksi) | Yield Rp0.2, MPa (ksi) | Elongation A, % | Hardness, HB |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bar | Annealed | 480 (70.0) | 170 (25.0) | 35 | 110 to 150 |
| Forging | Annealed | 480 (70.0) | 170 (25.0) | 35 | 110 to 150 |
| Bar | Cold-drawn, stress-relieved | 580 to 690 (84 to 100) | 380 to 550 (55 to 80) | 15 to 25 | 160 to 210 |
Annealed figures are the ASTM B564 and B164 minima, and those are the numbers we guarantee. Cold-worked figures are typical and get agreed order by order.
Physical properties
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 8.80 g/cm³ | 0.318 lb/in³ |
| Melting range | 1300 to 1350 °C | 2370 to 2460 °F |
| Modulus of elasticity | 179 GPa | 26 x 10⁶ psi |
| Thermal conductivity at 20 °C | 21.8 W/m·K | 151 Btu·in/h·ft²·°F |
| Expansion coefficient, 20 to 100 °C | 13.9 µm/m·K | 7.7 x 10⁻⁶ in/in·°F |
| Specific heat | 427 J/kg·K | 0.102 Btu/lb·°F |
| Electrical resistivity at 20 °C | 547 nΩ·m | 329 Ω·circ mil/ft |
| Curie temperature | roughly 20 to 50 °C, composition dependent | roughly 70 to 120 °F |
Typical published values. Physical properties are not certified quantities and are given for design guidance.
Forging and heat treatment of NiCu30Fe
NiCu30Fe does not respond to hardening heat treatment. One phase, no precipitation reaction, so quench and age does nothing for it. Strength comes from cold work only. A specification calling for solution treatment plus ageing on 2.4360 was written for the wrong alloy: the age-hardenable nickel-copper grade is NiCu30Al (W.Nr. 2.4375, UNS N05500, Monel K-500), which carries aluminium and titanium.
- MeltingEAF plus VOD refining. ESR remelt where the drawing asks for better cleanliness and less segregation.
- Heating for forgingSoak at 1150 to 1180 °C in a sulphur-free atmosphere. Sulphur in the furnace gas attacks nickel alloys at the grain boundaries and causes hot-short cracking, so fuel and refractory are controlled for it.
- Open-die forging and ring rollingTake the heavy reductions early while the section is hot. Finish above 870 °C. Reheat rather than work the piece cold.
- Annealing870 to 980 °C, held to section, then cooled fast. Fast cooling gives the softest and most corrosion-resistant condition, and it is the standard delivery state for forgings.
- Stress relievingAround 540 °C where machining or cold work has left residual stress that has to come out without giving up cold-worked strength.
- Machining and inspectionRough or finish machining to drawing. Then dimensional check, PMI, hardness, mechanical test and ultrasonic examination before release.
On machining. The alloy cuts gummy, much like an austenitic stainless. Positive rake, rigid setup, slow speed with heavy feed, plenty of coolant. Keep the tool cutting rather than rubbing. Most tool failures on this grade trace back to a rubbing pass and the work-hardened skin it leaves behind.
Corrosion resistance of NiCu30Fe
NiCu30Fe protects itself with a thin copper-rich film. The film holds when oxygen is absent and gets stripped when oxidising species are present. Almost every selection question with this alloy comes back to that one point.
Performs well in
- Hydrofluoric acid at any concentration up to boiling, provided air is kept out. This is the reference material for HF alkylation.
- Flowing seawater and brine. It resists erosion-corrosion at velocity, which is why pump shafts, propeller shafts and impellers get made from it.
- De-aerated sulphuric acid below roughly 85 %.
- Dilute de-aerated hydrochloric acid at moderate temperature.
- Caustic soda and alkalis, high concentration and high temperature both.
- Neutral and alkaline salts. Also hot chlorides, where austenitic stainless would crack.
- Cryogenic duty. No ductile-to-brittle transition.
Do not use it in
- Oxidising acids and salts: nitric acid, ferric chloride, cupric chloride, chromic acid, oxidising mercury salts.
- Moist aerated ammonia, and some ammonia compounds. Cracking risk.
- Stagnant seawater, and anywhere a crevice can form. Pitting starts under deposits wherever the flow stops.
- Sulphur-bearing atmospheres above about 315 °C. Continuous air service above roughly 480 to 540 °C.
NiCu30Fe forged product forms we supply
Everything below is forged to order from a traceable heat. No catalogue, and no minimum quantity beyond what makes an economical ingot cut. A drawing is best. A sketch or a rough size list is enough to start.
- Seamless rolled ringsRadial-axial rolled
- Forged ringsMandrel expanded
- Forged flangesWN, SO, BL, orifice
- Round barsForged and peeled
- Discs and disksUpset, solid or bored
- Shafts and spindlesStepped, pump, propeller
- Sleeves and bushingsBored and faced
- Tube sheetsSolid or clad ready
- Hollow bars, forged tubesTrepanned or expanded
- Valve bodies, stems, seat ringsBall, gate, globe, check
- Blocks and blanksSquare, rectangular, stepped
- Nozzles and manifoldsWeld prep supplied
Size range
| Form | Dimension range | Single-piece weight |
|---|---|---|
| Seamless rolled rings | OD 200 to 3000 mm, wall 15 to 350 mm, height up to 800 mm | 5 to 8000 kg |
| Discs and disks | dia. 100 to 1500 mm, thickness 20 to 600 mm | 5 to 5000 kg |
| Round bars | dia. 60 to 800 mm, length up to 6000 mm | 10 to 6000 kg |
| Flanges | DN 15 to DN 2000, up to Class 2500 / PN 420 | 1 to 4000 kg |
| Shafts | dia. 80 to 700 mm, length up to 6000 mm | 20 to 6000 kg |
| Sleeves, bushings, hollow bars | OD 120 to 1600 mm, ID from 60 mm | 5 to 4000 kg |
Ranges are indicative. Send the drawing and we will confirm feasibility, reduction ratio and finished weight against the furnace, press and ring mill.
Applications for NiCu30Fe forgings
| Industry | Typical forged components | Reason for the grade |
|---|---|---|
| Refining, HF alkylation | Valve bodies, flanges, rings, tube sheets, nozzles | Reference material for hydrofluoric acid |
| Marine and naval | Pump shafts, propeller shafts, impellers, valve trim, fasteners | Erosion-corrosion resistance in flowing seawater |
| Offshore oil and gas | Wellhead components, subsea sleeves, bushings, discs | Chloride cracking resistance in brine |
| Chemical process | Rolled rings, agitator shafts, pump and plunger parts | Reducing acids and caustic in one material |
| Heat exchangers, pressure vessels | Tube sheets, shell flanges, forged tubes, blind rings | ASME SB-564 code acceptance |
| Desalination and brine | Flanges, sleeves, valve seat rings | Seawater and hot brine duty |
| Caustic and chlor-alkali | Evaporator components, rings, bar stock | Holds up in concentrated NaOH |
| Pharmaceutical and food | Discs, sleeves, shafts | Halide resistance, no product contamination |
Testing, inspection and certification
Every forging leaves with the heat number stamped on the piece and a certificate that matches it. The scope below is what we do as standard. Anything the purchaser adds gets quoted as a supplementary requirement.
| Check | Method or standard | Scope |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical analysis | Spectrometer, ladle and product | Standard |
| Material identification | PMI, portable XRF or OES | Standard |
| Tensile and elongation | ASTM E8 / ISO 6892-1 | Standard |
| Hardness | Brinell, ASTM E10 | Standard |
| Dimensional report | Against approved drawing | Standard |
| Ultrasonic examination | EN 10228-3, SEP 1921 or ASTM A388, acceptance class as ordered | Standard on rings and heavy sections |
| Liquid penetrant | ASTM E165 / EN ISO 3452 | On request |
| Impact testing | Charpy V, ASTM E23, sub-zero included | On request |
| Grain size and micrograph | ASTM E112 | On request |
| Intergranular corrosion | ASTM G28 or as agreed | On request |
| Inspection document | EN 10204 type 3.1; type 3.2 witnessed by TUV, SGS, BV, LR, DNV or a customer-nominated inspector | Standard / on request |
| Sour service records | NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 | On request |
NiCu30Fe forging supplier: Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging works at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China. We forge carbon steel, alloy steel, tool steel, stainless steel and nickel alloys, NiCu30Fe (UNS N04400 / W.Nr. 2.4360) among them. The plant sits in the Jiangyin forging cluster on the south bank of the Yangtze, about 150 km from Shanghai port, so export lead times stay short, containerised or break-bulk.
- Open-die forging and radial-axial ring rolling on site
- Made to drawing, with no catalogue sizes to work around
- Heat number traceable through to the finished piece
- EN 10204 3.1 as standard, 3.2 with third-party inspection on request
- Rough-machined or finish-machined delivery, which takes a step out of your supply chain
- Quotation back within one working day in most cases
What to send with a NiCu30Fe enquiry
- Grade and standard, for example NiCu30Fe to DIN 17744, or UNS N04400 to ASTM B564.
- Drawing, sketch or rough dimensions with tolerances.
- Quantity and the date you need it.
- Delivery condition: as-forged, rough-machined or finish-machined.
- Heat-treatment condition: annealed or stress-relieved.
- NDT requirement and acceptance class, if any.
- Certificate type, EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2, and any nominated inspection body.
Send it to sales@steelforgepieces.com or call +86 189 2135 9659. We handle enquiries in English and Chinese.
Frequently asked questions about NiCu30Fe
What is NiCu30Fe?
A single-phase nickel-copper alloy with at least 63 % nickel and 28 to 34 % copper, designated W.Nr. 2.4360 in DIN 17744 and UNS N04400 in ASTM standards. It resists seawater, hydrofluoric acid, reducing acids, caustic alkalis and chloride stress-corrosion cracking. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. in Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China forges the grade to order.
Is NiCu30Fe the same as Monel 400?
Yes. Same alloy, different names. NiCu30Fe is the DIN 17744 designation (W.Nr. 2.4360), UNS N04400 is the North American one, and Monel 400 is a Special Metals Corporation trade name for the same nickel-copper composition. BS NA13, JIS NW4400 and Chinese NCu30 also refer to it.
Can NiCu30Fe be hardened by heat treatment?
No. The alloy is single phase, so there is no precipitation reaction to work with and neither quenching nor ageing raises its strength. Cold work is the only way to strengthen it. The age-hardenable nickel-copper grade is NiCu30Al (W.Nr. 2.4375, UNS N05500, Monel K-500), which contains aluminium and titanium. NiCu30Fe forgings are supplied annealed at 870 to 980 °C with fast cooling, or stress-relieved near 540 °C.
What is the maximum service temperature of NiCu30Fe?
About 480 to 540 °C (900 to 1000 °F) for continuous service in air. At the other end it stays tough and ductile down to cryogenic temperature, so it is also used in cold service.
Which acids does NiCu30Fe resist, and which should be avoided?
It performs in hydrofluoric acid, where it is the reference material for HF alkylation units, and in de-aerated sulphuric acid below about 85 %, dilute hydrochloric acid, neutral and alkaline salts, and caustic soda. Keep it out of oxidising media such as nitric acid and ferric or cupric chloride, and out of moist aerated ammonia, which can crack it.
Is NiCu30Fe magnetic?
Sometimes. The Curie temperature of this alloy sits near room temperature and shifts with composition, roughly 20 to 50 °C, so one heat may be weakly magnetic when cold and non-magnetic when warm. If the part has to be non-magnetic, say so on the enquiry and the heat is selected for it.
Which standards apply to NiCu30Fe forgings?
Forgings are usually ordered to ASTM B564 or ASME SB-564 for UNS N04400, or to DIN 17744 for NiCu30Fe / 2.4360. Related product standards are ASTM B127 for plate, B164 for bar, B165 for pipe and tube and B366 for fittings. Certificates follow EN 10204 type 3.1 or 3.2. Ultrasonic acceptance is agreed to EN 10228-3, SEP 1921 or ASTM A388, whichever the purchaser specifies.
Who supplies NiCu30Fe forged rings, flanges and bars?
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., an open-die forging factory at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China, forges NiCu30Fe (UNS N04400 / 2.4360) seamless rolled rings, flanges, round bars, discs, shafts, sleeves, bushings and tube sheets to customer drawings. Contact sales@steelforgepieces.com or +86-189-2135-9659.
What information is needed to quote a NiCu30Fe forging?
Grade and standard, the drawing or rough dimensions with tolerances, quantity, delivery condition (as-forged, rough-machined or finish-machined), heat-treatment condition, any NDT requirement and acceptance class, and the certificate type, 3.1 or 3.2. With that, price and lead time normally come back inside one working day.
When should NiCu30Fe be chosen instead of 316L stainless steel?
Use NiCu30Fe where 316L gives up: flowing seawater and brine, hydrofluoric acid, reducing acids, and hot chloride service where chloride stress-corrosion cracking is what fails the part. Stay with 316L in oxidising duty such as nitric acid, where NiCu30Fe corrodes fast, and in mild environments where the price difference decides it.
Standards referenced on this page
- ASTM B564, nickel alloy forgings. B127 plate, sheet and strip. B164 rod, bar and wire. B165 seamless pipe and tube. B366 factory-made fittings. Published by ASTM International.
- ASME BPVC Section II Part B, SB-564, code adoption of UNS N04400 forgings.
- DIN 17744, wrought nickel alloys, NiCu30Fe / W.Nr. 2.4360. Published by DIN.
- EN 10204, types of inspection documents, 3.1 and 3.2.
- EN 10228-3, SEP 1921, ASTM A388, ultrasonic procedures and acceptance classes applied to forgings by agreement.
- NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156, materials for H2S-containing environments.
- BS 3072 to 3076 NA13, JIS NW4400, GB/T NCu30, national equivalents.
Reference
If you quote figures from this page, attribute them like this.
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. (2026). NiCu30Fe Forgings (W.Nr. 2.4360 / UNS N04400): composition, properties and forged product forms. steelforgepieces.com. https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Nickel-Alloy/NiCu30Fe.html, accessed [date].