Corrosion-resistant alloy · Nickel · Molybdenum · Chromium · Tungsten

NC17D (AFNOR) / UNS N10276 / W.Nr. 2.4819 Forging Parts

🇫🇷 France (AFNOR)

NC17D

🇺🇸 USA (UNS)

N10276

🇩🇪 Germany

2.4819
NiMo16Cr15W

ISO

NiMo16Cr15Fe6W4

🇯🇵 Japan (JIS)

NW0276

Trade names

Hastelloy® C-276
Nicrofer® 5716 hMoW

Published: 12 May 2022  |  Last updated: 22 August 2026  |  Technically reviewed by the Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. Metallurgical Engineering Team

UNS

N10276

Werkstoff

2.4819

Density

8.89

g/cm³

Ni + Mo + Cr

57/16/16

wt %

Carbon max

0.010

wt %

PREN (+W)

≈75

Cr+3.3(Mo+0.5W)

CPT G48

>150

°C

Anneal

1121

°C, quench

1. What is NC17D (UNS N10276)?

NC17D is a solid-solution nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy with tungsten, designed so that one material can handle a process that swings between oxidising and reducing conditions. Chromium at about 16% takes care of the oxidising side. Molybdenum at about 16%, backed by 4% tungsten, takes care of the reducing side and does most of the work against chloride pitting and crevice attack. Neither element alone would do; the grade exists because the two are carried together at levels that would embrittle a lesser-controlled alloy.

The second design decision is the one that made the grade commercially dominant. Carbon is capped at 0.010% and silicon at 0.08%, an order of magnitude below the alloy C chemistry it replaced. Those two limits suppress carbide and intermetallic precipitation in the weld heat-affected zone, which is why NC17D can normally be put into service as welded, without a post-weld solution anneal. For a fabricator building a 20 m column or a field-repaired reactor, that single property is worth more than any datasheet number.

The failure mechanism you are actually buying against

Two things go wrong with this alloy in practice, and both come back to the same physics. Between roughly 650 °C and 1,090 °C, molybdenum- and tungsten-rich intermetallic compounds, the mu and P phases, precipitate at grain boundaries. They embrittle the material and, more damagingly, strip molybdenum out of the matrix immediately adjacent to the boundary, which is exactly where corrosion then initiates.

• Slow cooling from the forging or annealing heat re-precipitates them. This is why every NC17D forging leaving our plant is water quenched from the solution anneal rather than air cooled, and why a heavy ring is quenched, not left on the shop floor.
• Prolonged service inside that range does the same thing. NC17D is a wet-corrosion alloy, not a high-temperature structural alloy. Continuous service above roughly 650 °C degrades corrosion resistance no matter how good the delivered condition was.

If a supplier cannot show you the quench record on the heat-treatment chart, you have no evidence that the part you received is metallurgically the material you specified. Both the chart and an ASTM G28 method A intergranular corrosion test are available on our certificates.

NC17D forgings: supplier quick facts

Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, China, producing NC17D (UNS N10276 / W.Nr. 2.4819 / NiMo16Cr15W) forged rings, seamless rolled rings, flanges, shafts, discs, sleeves, bushings, tube sheets and bars to customer drawings.

2. What forged products are available in NC17D?

Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal produces NC17D through three routes, selected by geometry and quantity. Open-die forging covers long shafts, blocks, tube sheets and large discs, and is used wherever single-piece size matters more than repeatability. Seamless ring rolling produces rings from 200 mm to 2,500 mm outside diameter and is the normal route for flange blanks, valve seat rings, shell courses and closure rings. Near-net-shape forging earns its place on this grade more than on most, because NC17D costs several times the price of stainless per kilogram and machines slowly. Removing 30–50% of the rough stock in the die is a direct saving on both counts.

One route-selection point is specific to corrosion service. A seamless rolled ring has continuous circumferential grain flow; a ring machined from plate has grain ends exposed all the way round the bore and both faces. In a chloride-bearing process those exposed end-grain boundaries are preferential initiation sites. For sealing faces, seat rings and anything in wet chloride service, specify the forged route and write "machined-from-plate substitution not permitted" on the drawing.

• Seamless rolled rings
• Forged rings
• Forged flanges
• Forged round bars
• Forged discs & blanks
• Forged shafts & spindles
• Forged sleeves & bushings
• Forged tube sheets
• Forged tubes & hollows
• Forged valve bodies & seat rings
• Forged blocks
• Near-net-shape parts

3. What are the equivalent designations of NC17D?

Drawings reach this grade under at least a dozen names, depending on the standards body, the producing mill and the decade the drawing was issued. Every designation in the table below refers to the same nominal Ni-16Mo-16Cr-4W chemistry. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. accepts purchase orders under all of them and supplies material certified to UNS N10276 with the equivalents cross-listed on the certificate.

4. What is the chemical composition of NC17D?

The limits below follow ASTM B564 / B574 practice for UNS N10276, which is the chemistry that AFNOR NC17D maps to. Nickel is not specified as a range but reported as the balance, typically around 57%. The two numbers to read first are carbon and silicon: they are the reason this grade exists.

* Phosphorus and sulfur limits were tightened in later revisions of ASTM B574 and B575. Older AFNOR NC17D drawings commonly show P ≤ 0.03 and S ≤ 0.03; current mill practice at Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal targets the tighter modern values. Name the standard revision on the purchase order and the certificate will report against it.

Our melting practice

Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. melts NC17D by EAF + VOD followed by ESR (electroslag remelting). Vacuum oxygen decarburisation is what actually delivers the 0.010% carbon and low dissolved gas content; ESR then refines the inclusion population and gives the directionally solidified ingot that forges cleanly at this alloy's narrow working temperatures. Double-vacuum VIM + VAR stock is available where an aerospace or nuclear specification requires it. State this at RFQ stage, since it changes both price and lead time. Both the ladle analysis and the product analysis appear on the EN 10204 certificate.

5. What are the physical properties of NC17D?

6. What are the mechanical properties of NC17D?

NC17D is bought for corrosion resistance, but it is genuinely strong and exceptionally tough for a corrosion alloy, stronger in the annealed condition than 316L, with impact energy that barely falls at cryogenic temperature. It cannot be age hardened. The only way to raise strength is cold work, and cold work reduces resistance to stress-corrosion cracking, so in practice the annealed properties are the ones a finished part carries.

7. What corrosion resistance does NC17D offer?

NC17D is one of very few alloys that performs in oxidising and reducing media at the same time. That combination is what makes it the standard fallback for multipurpose plants and for any process where upset conditions can flip the chemistry. The headline numbers, all measured on solution-annealed wrought product:

Media where NC17D is the usual answer

• Hydrochloric acid. Resists dilute HCl where stainless steels fail outright. Rates stay below 0.5 mm/y up to roughly 10% concentration at 38 °C; above about 5% and 79 °C rates climb sharply, so check the actual duty rather than assuming immunity.
• Sulfuric acid. Usable across the full concentration range at moderate temperature. Below 66 °C rates are typically under 0.1 mm/y even at 90% concentration.
• Wet chlorine, hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide. The classic pulp-bleaching and water-treatment duty.
• Phosphoric acid. Under 0.1 mm/y at 93 °C across 50–85% concentration.
• Formic and acetic acid, acetic anhydride. Including contaminated and chloride-bearing streams.
• Seawater, brine and produced water. Including sour service under NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156.
• Flue-gas desulfurisation condensate. Low-pH chloride condensate that destroys austenitic stainless scrubber internals.

Where NC17D is the wrong choice

• Strongly oxidising acids at high concentration and temperature. Boiling concentrated nitric acid, ferric and cupric chloride at high temperature. Alloy C-22, alloy 59 or alloy C-2000 have the higher chromium these need.
• Sustained service above about 650 °C. Mu and P phases precipitate and corrosion resistance is progressively lost. Use alloy 625, Haynes 230 or alloy X for hot structural duty.
• Pure hydrofluoric acid. Nickel-copper alloys such as Monel 400 usually outperform it; HF can also cause internal attack in nickel alloys.
• Where cost dominates and the environment is mild. 316L, 904L, alloy 20 or a duplex grade may be entirely adequate at a fraction of the price.

8. NC17D vs C-22, C-2000, alloy 59, 625 and 316L

Within the nickel-chromium-molybdenum family the selection turns on one question: is the environment reducing or oxidising? Molybdenum wins the reducing side, chromium wins the oxidising side, and every grade in the table is a different point on that trade-off.

The comparison that comes up most often: NC17D against C-22

Both alloys are specified for the same equipment and are frequently treated as interchangeable. They are not. C-22 carries 22% chromium against 16% for NC17D, and 13% molybdenum against 16%. That shifts C-22 toward oxidising service: hot nitric acid, ferric and cupric chloride, oxidising chlorides, and mixed-acid streams that swing between states. NC17D, with the higher molybdenum plus tungsten, holds the advantage in reducing conditions: hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid, and the reducing chloride environments common in sour production.

Three practical points decide most cases. First, if the process alternates between oxidising and reducing states, C-22 or alloy 59 tolerates the swing better. Second, if the duty is a known reducing acid with chlorides, NC17D is both better suited and cheaper. Third, availability is real: NC17D is the most widely stocked alloy in this family worldwide, so lead times are shorter and heat sizes larger, which matters on a 2,500 mm rolled ring.

9. How is NC17D forged and heat treated?

Forging

NC17D is hot forged from a start temperature of approximately 1,232 °C (2,250 °F) to a finish temperature of approximately 954 °C (1,750 °F). That is a narrow window by comparison with austenitic stainless steel, and the alloy is markedly more sensitive to strain and strain rate. Moderate reductions with frequent reheating give the best result; heavy blows on a cooling billet crack it.

Three shop-floor rules follow, and they are the difference between a sound ring and scrap:

1. Reheat rather than push. Once the surface drops below about 954 °C, stop and return the piece to the furnace. The alloy work hardens rapidly and will tear rather than flow.
2. Keep the furnace atmosphere clean and neutral to slightly reducing. Sulfur pick-up from fuel or die lubricant causes hot shortness at grain boundaries. Sulfur-free lubricants only.
3. Use at least 4:1 total reduction from the ingot to break down the as-cast structure. For seamless rolled rings the pierced blank goes through radial-axial rolling so grain flow follows the circumference.

Solution annealing, the step that creates the corrosion resistance

Every NC17D forging is solution annealed at 1,121 °C (2,050 °F) and water quenched. Hold time is 10 to 30 minutes according to section thickness; thicker sections need the full 30 minutes. European mills quote a working band of 1,080–1,135 °C for the same treatment.

The soak redissolves carbides and the mu and P intermetallic phases. The quench is what keeps them dissolved. Rapid air cooling is acceptable only for sections thinner than about 10 mm; anything heavier is water quenched. A 400 mm thick forged block cooled in still air spends long enough in the 650–1,090 °C precipitation range to sensitise the grain boundaries throughout. The chemistry certificate will still pass, and the part will still fail in service.

10. How is NC17D machined and welded?

Machining

NC17D is one of the harder corrosion alloys to machine. It work hardens aggressively, its thermal conductivity is low so heat concentrates at the cutting edge, and it produces tough stringy chips. The rules that matter:

• Never let the tool dwell. A tool that stops feeding while still in contact glazes the surface and work hardens a layer the next pass must cut through. This single mistake accounts for most tool failures on this grade.
• Sharp, positive-rake carbide. Turn at roughly 12–25 m/min with coated carbide; heavy positive feeds of 0.15–0.40 mm/rev. Slower and heavier than stainless, not faster and lighter.
• Rigid setups and flood coolant. Minimum overhang, maximum clamping. Chatter work hardens the surface and the part fights back.
• Take deep cuts. Each pass must get under the layer hardened by the previous one. Light finishing skims ride on hardened material and burn tools.
• Plan the tooling cost in. Expect roughly 15–20% of the machining productivity of 316L. Near-net-shape forging is often cheaper overall on this grade.

Welding

NC17D welds readily by GTAW (TIG), GMAW (MIG) and SMAW (stick), using matching filler: ERNiCrMo-4 bare wire to AWS A5.14 or ENiCrMo-4 covered electrodes to AWS A5.11. The alloy's defining commercial advantage is that it is normally accepted as welded, with no post-weld solution anneal, because the 0.010% carbon and 0.08% silicon limits suppress heat-affected-zone precipitation.

• Keep heat input low and interpass temperature below about 100 °C. Weave width no more than about 2.5 electrode diameters.
• Joint faces must be clean and free of sulfur, lead, grease and marking-pen residue. Low-melting-point contamination causes cracking.
• Argon backing on root passes; the alloy is sensitive to oxidation of the root bead.
• No preheat is required. Post-weld pickling and passivation restore the surface after any oxidation.
• A full solution anneal at 1,121 °C with a rapid quench is reserved for severe service or heavily restrained weldments. It is an option, not a routine requirement.

11. Where is NC17D used?

12. NC17D production capability at Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal

Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. operates an open-die forging and ring-rolling plant at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China, employing approximately 460 people including 9 senior engineers, 32 intermediate engineers and 140 skilled operators. NC17D is produced on the same equipment as the rest of our Ni-Cr-Mo corrosion range (alloy C-22, alloy C-4, alloy 59, alloy B-2 and alloy B-3) under segregated handling to prevent cross-contamination between nickel and steel grades.

13. Standards, testing and certification

NC17D orders at Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. are produced and certified against the specifications below. The product standard for forgings is normally ASTM B564 / ASME SB-564; the inspection-document type is normally EN 10204 3.1.

• ASTM B564 / SB-564
• ASTM B574 / SB-574
• ASTM B575 / SB-575
• ASTM B622
• ASTM B366 · B462
• ASTM B472
• UNS N10276
• DIN 17744 · 2.4819
• VdTÜV Wbl. 400
• AFNOR NC17D
• ISO NiMo16Cr15Fe6W4
• JIS NW0276
• NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156
• EN 10204 3.1
• EN 10204 3.2
• EN 10228-3 (UT)
• SEP 1921 (UT)
• ASTM A388 (UT)
• ASTM G28 method A
• ASTM G48 method A/B
• ISO 9001:2015

What appears on the certificate

• Heat number, with full ladle and product chemical analysis, including carbon and sulfur to the low limits this grade requires
• Melting route (EAF + VOD + ESR, or VIM + VAR where specified)
• Mechanical test results (tensile, 0.2% yield, elongation, hardness) on coupons from the delivered heat
• Solution-annealing record: temperature, hold time, quench medium and the furnace-to-quench delay
• Ultrasonic examination report to the ordered standard and acceptance class
• ASTM G28 method A intergranular corrosion result, where ordered
• NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 hardness verification, where the part enters sour service
• Dimensional inspection report and PMI (positive material identification), where ordered
• Cross-listed equivalent designations: NC17D / UNS N10276 / W.Nr. 2.4819 / NiMo16Cr15W / NW0276

Quality gates and non-conformance handling

Every NC17D order passes six mandatory hold points at which production cannot continue without QA sign-off: raw-material chemistry verification, forging temperature compliance, post-forging ultrasonic examination, heat-treatment chart approval including quench delay, mechanical and corrosion test acceptance, and final NDE plus dimensional inspection. Customer-witnessed hold points can be added at no charge. Any out-of-specification finding raises a formal non-conformance report within 24 hours, with root-cause analysis inside five working days and the proposed disposition sent to the customer before any rework is carried out.

14. How to specify an NC17D forging order

NC17D carries two specification decisions that most grades do not: the delivered condition has to be stated as solution annealed and quenched, and the corrosion acceptance test has to be named if it matters. Neither is implied by the chemistry alone. The eight steps below remove the ambiguity that causes most disputes on this grade.

1. Name the grade unambiguously. Write "NC17D / UNS N10276 / W.Nr. 2.4819" rather than a brand name alone, so the certificate can cross-reference every applicable standard.
2. State the product standard. ASTM B564 / ASME SB-564 for forgings, B574 for rod and bar, B575 for plate. Name the revision in force at the contract date.
3. Send the drawing. Finished dimensions, machining allowance, tolerances, surface finish, and the required grain-flow direction for rings and shafts.
4. Specify the delivery condition. "Solution annealed at 1,121 °C ± 15 °C, water quenched", and require the chart. This is the single most important line on the order.
5. State the corrosion acceptance test. ASTM G28 method A for intergranular attack is the usual choice; add ASTM G48 pitting or crevice testing where chloride service justifies it.
6. Define non-destructive examination. UT to EN 10228-3, SEP 1921 or ASTM A388 with the acceptance class stated. Note that magnetic particle inspection does not apply, because the alloy is non-magnetic. Use dye penetrant on machined surfaces.
7. Specify certification and sour-service compliance. EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2, naming the third party for 3.2; state NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 and the hardness cap where the part enters sour service.
8. Give quantity, delivery and terms. Pieces, required date, destination port and Incoterms, so the quotation covers the full delivered cost.

Recommended drawing callout

15. Top 10 mistakes when ordering NC17D forgings

1. Accepting the certificate without the quench record. Chemistry alone proves nothing on this grade. A slowly cooled forging has correct chemistry and sensitised grain boundaries.
2. Ordering to the legacy 0.02% carbon limit. Modern NC17D is C ≤ 0.010%. Double the carbon reintroduces the heat-affected-zone problem the grade was invented to solve.
3. Assuming it is a high-temperature alloy. Sustained service above about 650 °C precipitates mu and P phases and destroys corrosion resistance. Use alloy 625 or Haynes 230 for hot structural work.
4. Specifying a stress-relief soak. There is no valid low-temperature stress relief for NC17D. Any soak in the 650–1,090 °C range sensitises it.
5. Accepting an "aged" or "precipitation hardened" NC17D certificate. The alloy cannot be age hardened. Such a certificate indicates either the wrong grade or a fabricated document.
6. Confusing NC17D with alloy C (N10002) or with NC22DNb. Legacy AFNOR names in this family look similar and the substitution fails in service.
7. Using NC17D in strongly oxidising acid. Hot concentrated nitric acid and high-temperature ferric chloride need the higher chromium of C-22, alloy 59 or C-2000.
8. Specifying magnetic particle inspection. NC17D is non-magnetic; MPI cannot work. Specify dye penetrant instead, or the order will stall at inspection.
9. Buying a ring machined from plate. Exposed end grain at the bore and faces is a preferential corrosion initiation site in chloride service. Specify the forged and rolled route.
10. Under-costing the machining. NC17D machines at roughly 15–20% of the productivity of 316L. Budget the tooling, or buy nearer to net shape.

16. Glossary

NC17D

The AFNOR (French) designation for the nickel-molybdenum-chromium-tungsten corrosion-resistant alloy also numbered UNS N10276 and W.Nr. 2.4819. Nominally 57Ni-16Mo-16Cr-5Fe-4W with carbon at 0.010% maximum.

UNS N10276

The Unified Numbering System designation for the same alloy. The brand-free name to use on purchase orders and drawings.

W.Nr. 2.4819

The German Werkstoff number for the grade, carrying the material name NiMo16Cr15W under DIN 17744.

NiMo16Cr15W

The DIN / EN chemical-symbol name for the alloy, read as nickel with 16% molybdenum and 15% chromium plus tungsten.

ASTM B564

Standard Specification for Nickel Alloy Forgings. The primary product standard for NC17D forged rings, flanges, discs and shafts. Adopted by ASME as SB-564.

ASTM B574

Standard Specification for low-carbon nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy rod and bar, which sets the minimum mechanical properties normally quoted for NC17D bar.

PREN

Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number. A composition-based index of resistance to chloride pitting, calculated as %Cr + 3.3 x %Mo, or as %Cr + 3.3 x (%Mo + 0.5 x %W) where the tungsten contribution is counted.

CPT

Critical Pitting Temperature. The lowest temperature at which pitting is observed in a standard test solution, normally acidified 6% ferric chloride per ASTM G48.

CCT

Critical Crevice Temperature. The lowest temperature at which crevice attack initiates under a fitted washer or gasket in the same ASTM G48 test solution. Always lower than the CPT for the same alloy.

Mu phase and P phase

Molybdenum- and tungsten-rich intermetallic compounds that precipitate at grain boundaries in this alloy between roughly 650 and 1,090 degrees Celsius. They deplete the surrounding matrix of molybdenum, embrittle the material and destroy local corrosion resistance. Avoiding them is the reason NC17D is water quenched from the solution anneal.

Solution annealing

Heating to 1,121 degrees Celsius to redissolve carbides and intermetallic phases, then quenching fast enough to keep them in solution. The treatment that establishes the corrosion resistance of the delivered forging.

Sensitisation

The loss of corrosion resistance caused by grain-boundary precipitation during slow cooling or exposure in the precipitation range. In NC17D the low carbon and silicon limits make the alloy far less prone to it than earlier alloy C.

As-welded service

Use of a weldment without a post-weld solution anneal. NC17D is one of the few high-performance corrosion alloys routinely accepted in this condition, which is the reason it displaced alloy C.

ERNiCrMo-4

The AWS A5.14 classification for matching bare filler wire for NC17D. The covered-electrode equivalent is ENiCrMo-4 to AWS A5.11.

NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156

The materials standard governing metallic components for hydrogen-sulfide-containing oil and gas production. NC17D is a listed material, subject to hardness and condition limits stated in the standard.

ASTM G28 method A

A boiling ferric-sulfate / sulfuric-acid test used to detect grain-boundary precipitation in nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys. The usual acceptance test for confirming that a forging was correctly annealed and quenched.

EAF + VOD + ESR

Electric arc furnace melting, followed by vacuum oxygen decarburisation to lower carbon and dissolved gases, followed by electroslag remelting to refine the inclusion population and give a directionally solidified ingot suited to forging.

EN 10204 3.1 / 3.2

Inspection document types. A 3.1 certificate is issued by the manufacturer's own independent inspection department; a 3.2 certificate is countersigned by an independent third party nominated by the purchaser.

Seamless rolled ring

A ring made by piercing a forged billet and expanding it on a radial-axial ring mill, giving continuous circumferential grain flow and better mechanical and dimensional performance than a ring machined from plate.

Outer-fibre elongation

The strain at the outermost surface of a bent or formed section. NC17D must be re-annealed after cold forming that produces 7% or more, because retained cold work reduces resistance to stress-corrosion cracking.

17. Frequently asked questions: NC17D / UNS N10276

18. Technical references

Chemistry, physical, mechanical, corrosion and heat-treatment data on this page are drawn from the published standards and producer datasheets listed below. Test results reported on our own material certificates are independent and traceable to calibrated laboratory equipment.

1. ASTM B564, Standard Specification for Nickel Alloy Forgings, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
2. ASTM B574, Standard Specification for Low-Carbon Nickel-Molybdenum-Chromium, Low-Carbon Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum and related Alloy Rod, ASTM International.
3. ASTM B575, Standard Specification for Low-Carbon Nickel Alloy Plate, Sheet and Strip, ASTM International.
4. ASTM B622, Standard Specification for Seamless Nickel and Nickel-Cobalt Alloy Pipe and Tube, ASTM International.
5. ASTM B462, Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Corrosion-Resistant Nickel Alloy Pipe Flanges and Fittings for Pressure Service, ASTM International.
6. ASTM G28, Standard Test Methods for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Corrosion in Wrought Nickel-Rich, Chromium-Bearing Alloys, ASTM International.
7. ASTM G48, Standard Test Methods for Pitting and Crevice Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels and Related Alloys by Use of Ferric Chloride Solution, ASTM International.
8. ASTM G36, Standard Practice for Evaluating Stress-Corrosion-Cracking Resistance of Metals and Alloys in a Boiling Magnesium Chloride Solution, ASTM International.
9. ASTM A388, Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Forgings, ASTM International.
10. DIN 17744, Wrought nickel alloys with molybdenum and chromium — chemical composition, Deutsches Institut für Normung.
11. VdTÜV Werkstoffblatt 400, NiMo16Cr15W (2.4819), Verband der TÜV.
12. EN 10204:2004, Metallic products — Types of inspection documents, CEN, Brussels.
13. EN 10228-3, Non-destructive testing of steel forgings, Part 3: Ultrasonic testing, CEN.
14. SEP 1921, Ultrasonic testing of steel forgings, Stahl-Eisen-Prüfblatt.
15. NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H₂S-containing environments in oil and gas production.
16. AWS A5.14 (ERNiCrMo-4) and AWS A5.11 (ENiCrMo-4), Specifications for nickel and nickel-alloy welding consumables, American Welding Society.
17. Haynes International, Inc., published technical datasheet for HASTELLOY® C-276 alloy (UNS N10276): physical properties, tensile and impact data, ASTM G48 and G36 results, forging and annealing practice.
18. VDM Metals GmbH, published datasheet for VDM® Alloy C-276 / Nicrofer® 5716 hMoW: designations, standards cross-reference and composition limits.
19. ASM Specialty Handbook: Nickel, Cobalt and Their Alloys, J.R. Davis (ed.), ASM International.
20. ASM Handbook, Volume 13B: Corrosion: Materials, ASM International; sections on nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys.
21. Aylor, D.M. et al., Crevice corrosion behaviour of candidate naval ship seawater valve materials, Paper No. 329, CORROSION 99, NACE International, 1999; flowing-seawater crevice data.

Standards cited are the revisions known to us at the time of the last page review. For procurement, always reference the revision in force at the contract date. All trademarks referenced belong to their respective owners.

Related grades and forged products

• Alloy C-276
• Alloy C-22
• Alloy C-2000
• Alloy C-4
• Alloy 59
• Alloy B-2
• Alloy B-3
• Alloy G-3
• Alloy X
• Inconel 625
• Inconel 600
• Incoloy 825
• Incoloy 925
• Monel 400
• Alloy 602
• Forged & rolled rings
• Forged disks
• Forged tubes
• Forged spindles
• Open die forgings

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