Nickel alloy, open-die forgings, made to drawing
Alloy 600 Forgings UNS N06600 / W.Nr. 2.4816 / NiCr15Fe / ASTM B564
Forged rings, seamless rolled rings, discs, shafts, flanges, sleeves and tube sheets in Alloy 600, forged and solution annealed at our own plant in Jiangyin, China, and shipped with an EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2 certificate.
Alloy 600 is a solid-solution nickel-chromium-iron alloy with a minimum of 72% nickel, 14-17% chromium and 6-10% iron, designated UNS N06600 and W.Nr. 2.4816. It resists oxidation and corrosion up to about 1093 °C, holds useful strength from cryogenic temperatures upward, and does not respond to age hardening.
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China. We forge Alloy 600 to ASTM B564 and ASME SB-564 in single-piece weights up to roughly 8000 kg and ring diameters to about 3500 mm, and we take one-off prototypes as well as series orders. Enquiries go to sales@steelforgepieces.com or +86-189-2135-9659.
Grade record
Alloy 600 at a glance
Identifiers and delivery data for Alloy 600 open-die forgings supplied by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.
- UNS
- N06600
- Werkstoff
- 2.4816
- EN name
- NiCr15Fe
- Forging spec
- ASTM B564
- Nickel plus cobalt
- 72% min
- Chromium
- 14.0-17.0%
- Density
- 8.47 g/cm³
- Melting range
- 1354-1413 °C
- Max service in air
- 1093 °C
- Delivery condition
- Solution annealed
- Max piece weight
- 8000 kg
- Max ring OD
- 3500 mm
100% UT, ASTM A388 EN 10204 3.1 / 3.2 Made to drawing MOQ 1 piece
01What Alloy 600 is
Alloy 600 was developed as a general-purpose engineering material for service where heat and corrosion have to be handled by one alloy. The high nickel content gives resistance to reducing conditions, to caustics and to chloride-ion stress corrosion cracking. The chromium addition covers oxidising conditions and sulphur-free oxidising atmospheres at high temperature.
The alloy is strengthened in solid solution. It carries no aluminium or titanium in the quantities that would form a strengthening gamma-prime phase, so it cannot be age hardened. Some older datasheets for this grade describe a solution plus ageing cycle, which is wrong. Strength comes from the annealing temperature, the resulting grain size and any cold work.
Because the alloy keeps ductility and toughness from cryogenic temperatures up to red heat, it is specified for furnace hardware, heat exchanger components, chemical process equipment and hot-gas handling parts. Forgings are used where the section is thick or changes abruptly, and where grain flow has to follow the contour of the part for fatigue or pressure duty.
02Equivalent grades and governing standards
Alloy 600 appears under several national designations and trade names. The chemistry is the same in each case; the acceptance criteria differ between product specifications.
| System or country | Designation |
|---|---|
| UNS (USA) | N06600 |
| Werkstoff, EN (Germany) | 2.4816, NiCr15Fe |
| BS 3072 to 3076 (UK) | NA14 |
| AFNOR (France) | NC15Fe |
| JIS (Japan) | NCF 600 |
| GB (China) | NS3102, NS312 |
| ISO | NW6600 |
| Common trade names | Inconel 600, Nicrofer 7216, Ferrochronin 600 |
Trade names belong to their respective owners and are listed for identification. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal supplies the grade as Alloy 600, UNS N06600 or 2.4816, and certifies it against ASTM B564.
| Standard | Product form |
|---|---|
| ASTM B564, ASME SB-564 | Nickel alloy forgings, the specification normally used for our parts |
| ASTM B166 | Rod, bar and wire |
| ASTM B168 | Plate, sheet and strip |
| ASTM B163, B167 | Seamless tube and pipe |
| ASTM B366 | Factory-made fittings |
| DIN 17742, 17750 to 17754 | German equivalents for 2.4816 product forms |
| ASME BPVC II-B | Material properties for pressure-vessel design |
03Chemical composition
The limits below follow ASTM B564 for UNS N06600. Each heat is analysed by spectrometer at the mill and re-checked on the finished forging by positive material identification before shipment.
| Element | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|---|---|
| Nickel plus cobalt, Ni + Co | 72.0 | - |
| Chromium, Cr | 14.0 | 17.0 |
| Iron, Fe | 6.00 | 10.00 |
| Carbon, C | - | 0.15 |
| Manganese, Mn | - | 1.00 |
| Sulphur, S | - | 0.015 |
| Silicon, Si | - | 0.50 |
| Copper, Cu | - | 0.50 |
Melting route: electric arc furnace with AOD or VOD refining. Electroslag remelting, or VIM followed by VAR, is added where cleanliness, segregation control or aerospace-level traceability is specified.
04Mechanical properties
Typical room-temperature properties for hot-finished bar and forged sections are given below in both metric and imperial units. Results vary with section size, forging reduction and the annealing cycle, and are reported per heat on the material certificate.
| Product form | Condition | Tensile strength | 0.2% yield | Elongation | Hardness |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rod and bar | Hot-finished | 550-690 MPa 80-100 ksi |
205-345 MPa 30-50 ksi |
35-55% | 65-85 HRB |
| Forgings | Hot-worked | 550-690 MPa 80-100 ksi |
240-380 MPa 35-55 ksi |
30-50% | 70-90 HRB |
| Forgings | Solution annealed | 520-620 MPa 75-90 ksi |
180-275 MPa 26-40 ksi |
40-60% | 80 HRB max |
ASTM B564 minima for hot-worked or annealed N06600 forgings are 550 MPa (80 ksi) tensile, 240 MPa (35 ksi) yield and 30% elongation. The solution-annealed condition carries lower minima. Check against the current edition of the standard for your project. Elevated-temperature and impact data are available on request.
05Physical properties
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 8.47 g/cm³ | 0.306 lb/in³ |
| Melting range | 1354-1413 °C | 2470-2575 °F |
| Specific heat | 444 J/kg·°C | 0.106 Btu/lb·°F |
| Thermal conductivity | 14.9 W/m·°C | 103 Btu·in/ft²·h·°F |
| Mean thermal expansion, 20 to 200 °C | 13.3 µm/m·°C | 7.4 µin/in·°F |
| Modulus of elasticity, tension | 207 GPa | 30.0 x 10³ ksi |
| Electrical resistivity | 1.03 µΩ·m | 620 Ω·circ mil/ft |
| Curie temperature | -124 °C | -192 °F |
| Magnetic permeability at 200 oersted | 1.010 | 1.010 |
06Forging and heat treatment practice
Alloy 600 forges readily but has a narrower usable window than carbon or low-alloy steel, and it work-hardens quickly. The practice we run on the shop floor is set out below.
| Operation | Temperature | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Overall hot-working range | 870-1230 °C | 1600 to 2250 °F |
| Heavy upsetting and drawing | 1040-1230 °C | Bulk deformation, reheat rather than force a cold pass |
| Finishing passes | 870-1010 °C | Light reductions below 1010 °C refine grain size |
| Avoid working between | 650-870 °C | Low ductility band, risk of tearing |
| Solution annealing | 1010-1120 °C | Hold, then cool rapidly. Grain grows quickly above 1090 °C |
| Stress relieving of cold-worked parts | 870-1010 °C | Used where residual stress matters for caustic service |
- Furnace atmosphere has to be low in sulphur. Sulphur picked up from fuel oil or from a contaminated surface attacks nickel alloys at forging heat and embrittles the grain boundaries, so grease and marking paint come off before the part is charged.
- Thick sections are soaked through to temperature before the first blow, otherwise the centre can burst.
- Grain size is set by the finishing temperature. Where ASTM E112 grain size is called for, the finishing pass and the anneal are planned around it.
- Machining allowance is agreed before forging. Nickel alloys are slow to machine, and a realistic allowance avoids paying for forged weight that ends up as swarf.
07Corrosion behaviour and service limits
Resistance
- Resists chloride-ion stress corrosion cracking, which is the main reason it replaces austenitic stainless steel in chloride-bearing process streams.
- Good resistance to caustic alkalis. Stress-relieved material is preferred for hot concentrated caustic to reduce the risk of caustic cracking.
- Resists dry chlorine and hydrogen chloride at moderate temperatures.
- Oxidation resistant in clean air and other oxidising atmospheres for continuous service to about 1093 °C.
- Keeps toughness and ductility at cryogenic temperatures.
Limits and alternatives
- Sulphur-bearing gases at high temperature attack Alloy 600 quickly. A higher-chromium or cobalt-bearing alloy suits that duty better.
- Strongly oxidising acid conditions, such as hot concentrated nitric acid, favour higher-chromium grades.
- For PWR nuclear primary water, Alloy 690 (UNS N06690) with 27-31% chromium is now generally specified in place of Alloy 600, following long field experience with primary water stress corrosion cracking.
- Where higher mechanical loading at temperature is involved, Alloy 718 (UNS N07718, 2.4668) or Alloy 625 (UNS N06625) are the usual substitutes. Both are forged at our plant.
08Product forms and size capability
| Form | Size range | Typical use |
|---|---|---|
| Seamless rolled rings | OD 200-3500 mm height to 1000 mm | Vessel shell courses, bearing races, flange blanks |
| Forged rings | OD 150-2500 mm | Retaining rings, spacer rings, valve seat rings |
| Discs and blanks | OD to 2500 mm | Blind flanges, closure heads, turbine discs |
| Tube sheets | diameter to 2500 mm | Shell-and-tube heat exchangers |
| Shafts and round bars | diameter 60-1000 mm length to 8000 mm | Pump and agitator shafts, spindles, stems |
| Sleeves, bushings, hollow bars | OD to 1200 mm | Wear sleeves, liners, distance pieces |
| Flanges | diameter to 2500 mm | Weld-neck, blind and special flanges to drawing |
| Blocks, squares, step shafts | as drawn | Valve bodies, manifolds, die blocks |
| Maximum single-piece weight | 8000 kg | - |
Delivery condition can be as-forged, rough machined with allowance, solution annealed, or finish machined to drawing. Minimum order quantity is one piece. Prototypes and single spares are accepted alongside repeat production.
09Testing, inspection and certification
| Check | Standard | Scope |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical analysis | ASTM E1473, spectrometer | Per heat, plus PMI on the finished part |
| Tensile and hardness | ASTM E8, ASTM E18 | Per heat and heat-treatment lot |
| Ultrasonic testing | ASTM A388, EN 10228-3, SEP 1921 | 100% volumetric, class to customer requirement |
| Dye penetrant testing | ASTM E165, EN 571-1 | Surface examination, used instead of MT because the alloy is non-magnetic |
| Grain size | ASTM E112 | On request or when specified |
| Intergranular corrosion | ASTM G28 method A | On request for corrosive service |
| Dimensional report | Customer drawing | Every piece |
| Material certificate | EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2 | 3.2 witnessed by TUV, SGS, BV, Lloyd's or the customer's inspector |
10Applications by industry
| Industry | Typical forged parts |
|---|---|
| Chemical and petrochemical | Reactor internals, column and tower components, agitator and pump shafts, nozzles, tube sheets |
| Heat exchange and pressure vessels | Tube sheets, shell rings, flanges, forged tubes and pipe sections, air receivers |
| Heat treating and furnaces | Retorts, muffles, roller and fan hubs, fixtures and baskets |
| Valves | Bodies, bonnets, seat rings, stems, plugs and blocks for ball, gate, globe, check and plug valves |
| Oil and gas, offshore | Wellhead and Christmas-tree components, subsea connectors, hubs and bushings |
| Power and nuclear | Control-rod components, penetrations and reactor hardware |
| Aerospace and gas turbines | Casing rings, seal rings, engine hardware |
| Food, pharmaceutical, pulp and paper | Caustic evaporator parts, digester hardware, process rolls and wheels |
| Titanium dioxide and halogen plants | Chlorinator components handling dry chlorine and HCl |
11Alloy 600 against 601, 625, 690 and 800H
A short comparison for engineers choosing between nickel grades. All five are forged at Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal.
| Alloy | UNS | Ni % | Cr % | Chosen for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alloy 600 | N06600 | 72 min | 14-17 | Chloride SCC resistance, general heat and corrosion service |
| Alloy 601 | N06601 | 58-63 | 21-25 | Higher oxidation and carburisation resistance, aluminium addition |
| Alloy 625 | N06625 | 58 min | 20-23 | High strength, pitting and crevice resistance, molybdenum and niobium |
| Alloy 690 | N06690 | 58 min | 27-31 | Nuclear primary water, resistance to primary water SCC |
| Alloy 800H | N08810 | 30-35 | 19-23 | Creep strength at high temperature at lower alloy cost |
12How to order Alloy 600 forgings
Send a drawing, or the rough forged dimensions and quantity. A quotation with forged weight, price, lead time and the proposed manufacturing route normally comes back within one working day.
What to include in the enquiry
- Drawing in PDF, DWG or STEP, or rough dimensions such as OD by ID by height, or diameter by length
- Quantity, and whether this is a prototype or a repeat order
- Specification and edition, for example ASTM B564 UNS N06600
- Delivery condition: as-forged, rough machined, solution annealed or finish machined
- NDT requirement and acceptance class, such as UT to ASTM A388 or EN 10228-3 and PT to ASTM E165
- Certificate type: EN 10204 3.1, or 3.2 with the third party named
- Destination port and required delivery date
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. sales@steelforgepieces.com, +86-189-2135-9659 on WhatsApp and WeChat, No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China.
13Questions and answers
What is Alloy 600?
Alloy 600 is a solid-solution nickel-chromium-iron alloy with a minimum of 72% nickel, 14-17% chromium and 6-10% iron, designated UNS N06600 and W.Nr. 2.4816. It resists oxidation and corrosion up to about 1093 C and holds useful strength from cryogenic temperatures upward. It also resists chloride-ion stress corrosion cracking, which is its main advantage over austenitic stainless steel. Forgings are normally supplied to ASTM B564 or ASME SB-564.
Is Alloy 600 the same as Inconel 600?
The chemistry is the same. Inconel 600 is the trade name used by Special Metals Corporation for UNS N06600, and Alloy 600 is the generic designation. Other producers use names such as Nicrofer 7216. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. supplies the grade as Alloy 600, UNS N06600 or 2.4816, certified against the chemical and mechanical limits of ASTM B564.
What are the equivalent designations for Alloy 600?
Alloy 600 is UNS N06600 in the USA, W.Nr. 2.4816 or NiCr15Fe in Germany and the EN system, NA14 in the former BS 3072 to 3076, NC15Fe in AFNOR, NCF 600 in JIS, and NS3102 in the Chinese GB system.
Can Alloy 600 be heat treated to increase strength?
No. Alloy 600 is a solid-solution alloy and is not precipitation hardenable, so ageing does not raise its strength. Properties are controlled by annealing temperature, grain size and any cold work. Where a higher-strength age-hardenable nickel alloy is needed, Alloy 718 (UNS N07718 or 2.4668) or Alloy X-750 is specified instead.
What temperature is Alloy 600 forged at?
Alloy 600 is hot worked between about 870 C and 1230 C. Heavy drawing and upsetting are done from 1040 to 1230 C, and finishing passes are made below about 1010 C to keep the grain fine. Forgings are then solution annealed at 1010 to 1120 C and cooled rapidly. Working between about 650 C and 870 C is avoided because ductility is limited in that range.
Is Alloy 600 magnetic?
Alloy 600 is effectively non-magnetic at room temperature. Its magnetic permeability is about 1.01 at 200 oersted and its Curie temperature is around minus 124 C. Because it is non-magnetic, surface cracks are checked by dye penetrant testing to ASTM E165 rather than by magnetic particle testing.
Should Alloy 600 or Alloy 690 be used for nuclear primary water service?
Alloy 690 (UNS N06690), with 27-31% chromium, is now generally specified in place of Alloy 600 for PWR primary-water components, following long field experience with primary water stress corrosion cracking in Alloy 600. Alloy 600 remains widely used in chemical, petrochemical, heat-treating and food-processing equipment.
What sizes of Alloy 600 forgings can be supplied?
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal produces Alloy 600 forged and seamless rolled rings from about 200 mm to 3500 mm outside diameter, forged discs and tube sheets up to about 2500 mm diameter, and forged shafts and bars from about 60 mm to 1000 mm diameter, with single-piece weights up to roughly 8000 kg. Single prototypes and series quantities are both accepted.
What certificates and tests are supplied with Alloy 600 forgings?
Every Alloy 600 forging is delivered with an EN 10204 3.1 mill certificate, or 3.2 with a third-party inspector such as TUV, SGS, BV or Lloyd's. Standard testing covers chemical analysis, room-temperature tensile and hardness testing, grain size to ASTM E112, ultrasonic testing to ASTM A388 or EN 10228-3, and dye penetrant testing to ASTM E165. Intergranular corrosion testing to ASTM G28 is available on request.
How do I get a price for Alloy 600 forgings?
Send the drawing or the rough forged dimensions, quantity and required specification to sales@steelforgepieces.com, or call +86-189-2135-9659. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China, and normally returns a quotation within one working day.
14About the manufacturer
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory in Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China. The plant produces forged rings, seamless rolled rings, discs, shafts, flanges, sleeves, tube sheets and custom shapes in carbon steel, alloy steel, tool steel, stainless steel and nickel alloys, working to customer drawings rather than a fixed catalogue. Alloy 600 is one of the nickel grades forged in house, alongside Alloy 625, Alloy 718 (2.4668) and 2.4816.
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town
Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province 214423, China
Tel, WhatsApp and WeChat: +86-189-2135-9659
Email: sales@steelforgepieces.com
Web: www.steelforgepieces.com
Citing this page
This datasheet is published and maintained by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., an open-die forging manufacturer, and reviewed by the company's engineering department. Last updated .
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. (2026). Alloy 600 (UNS N06600) Open-Die Forgings, Technical Data and Supply. Retrieved from https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Nickel-Alloy/ALLOY-600.htmlStandards referenced on this page
ASTM B564 and ASME SB-564 for nickel alloy forgings, ASTM B166 for rod, bar and wire, ASTM B168 for plate, sheet and strip, ASTM B163 and B167 for tube and pipe, ASTM B366 for fittings, ASTM A388 and EN 10228-3 for ultrasonic testing, SEP 1921, ASTM E165 for penetrant testing, ASTM E112 for grain size, ASTM G28 for intergranular corrosion, EN 10204 for inspection documents, and ASME BPVC Section II Part B. Property values are typical and given for guidance. The governing document for any order is the material certificate issued for that heat.
Related grades and parts
- Alloy 625 (UNS N06625) forgings, higher strength and pitting resistance
- Alloy 718 and 2.4668 forgings, age-hardenable nickel alloy
- 2.4816 forgings, the Werkstoff designation for this grade
- Seamless rolled rings, ring rolling across all grades
- Open-die forging pieces, full product range
- All nickel alloy forgings