SFVAF28 Forgings: 9Cr-2W Creep-Strength-Enhanced Ferritic Steel (ASTM A182 F92 Equivalent)

Technical data sheet covering chemical composition, mechanical properties, heat treatment, equivalent grades and available forged forms. Published by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China. Last reviewed 18 September 2026.

SFVAF28 is a 9Cr-0.5Mo-1.8W-V-Nb-B-N creep-strength-enhanced ferritic (CSEF) alloy steel used for forged pressure-retaining parts in ultra-supercritical thermal power plants. It belongs to the Japanese SFVA-F series of alloy steel forgings, listed in thermal power plant material standards alongside SFVAF1, F2, F11, F12, F22, F5, F9 and SFVAF29. Its composition limits and minimum room-temperature strength correspond to ASTM A182 and ASME SA-182 Grade F92 (UNS K92460), the forging counterpart of P92 pipe and T92 tube, and to EN 10222-2 X10CrWMoVNb9-2, material number 1.4901.

Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China. We forge SFVAF28 into seamless rolled rings, flanges, discs, hollow bars, sleeves, valve bodies, bonnets, seats, stems, tees and wye pieces to customer drawings, supplied normalized and tempered with EN 10204 3.1 certification.

Material classCreep-strength-enhanced ferritic (CSEF) 9Cr-2W martensitic alloy steel
Nominal composition9Cr-0.5Mo-1.8W-V-Nb-B-N
EquivalentsASTM and ASME A182 F92, EN 1.4901 X10CrWMoVNb9-2, UNS K92460, NF616
Yield strength Rp0.2440 MPa (64 ksi) minimum at 20 °C / 68 °F
Tensile strength Rm620 to 850 MPa (90 to 123 ksi) at 20 °C / 68 °F
Delivery conditionNormalized 1040 to 1090 °C, tempered 750 to 780 °C, air cooled
Max metal temperatureAbout 620 °C (1148 °F) in ultra-supercritical steam service
Supplied byJiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., +86 189 2135 9659, sales@steelforgepieces.com

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What is SFVAF28?

SFVAF28 belongs to the group of tungsten-strengthened 9 % chromium steels developed in the 1990s to raise steam temperatures in fossil-fired plant. The earlier 9Cr-1Mo steel was first modified into Grade 91 by adding vanadium, niobium and nitrogen. SFVAF28 takes that a step further: part of the molybdenum is replaced by 1.5 to 2.0 % tungsten, and a controlled boron addition is made. After normalizing and tempering the structure is fully martensitic, and the 9 % chromium level still gives useful resistance to steam-side oxidation.

Strength at temperature comes from a fine dispersion of MX carbonitrides and M₂₃C₆ carbides inside tempered martensite. Those precipitates are produced by the heat treatment, so the chemistry on its own does not guarantee the properties. Every SFVAF28 forging we ship is heat treated in a charted, calibrated furnace, and the actual cycle is recorded on the mill certificate.

Four of the SFVAF28 forged forms produced to drawing by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. Open-die forging and ring rolling allow single-piece and prototype quantities without die cost.

Chemical composition of SFVAF28

Table 1. SFVAF28 chemical composition limits, weight per cent. Ladle analysis, with product analysis tolerances per the governing standard.
Element	Symbol	Min %	Max %	Role in the alloy
Carbon	C	0.07	0.13	Forms M₂₃C₆ carbides, kept low for weldability
Silicon	Si	–	0.50	Deoxidiser, limited to protect toughness
Manganese	Mn	0.30	0.60	Deoxidiser, hardenability
Phosphorus	P	–	0.020	Residual, restricted for creep ductility
Sulfur	S	–	0.010	Residual, restricted for transverse toughness
Chromium	Cr	8.50	9.50	Steam-side oxidation resistance, carbide former
Molybdenum	Mo	0.30	0.60	Solid-solution creep strengthening
Tungsten	W	1.50	2.00	Primary creep strengthener, the main difference from Grade 91
Vanadium	V	0.15	0.25	Fine MX carbonitride precipitation
Niobium	Nb (Cb)	0.040	0.090	Grain refinement, MX precipitation
Nitrogen	N	0.030	0.070	Partner to V and Nb in MX nitrides
Boron	B	0.001	0.006	Stabilises carbides against coarsening in long-term service
Nickel	Ni	–	0.40	Residual, capped to keep Ac1 high enough for PWHT
Aluminium	Al	–	0.040	Residual, capped to leave nitrogen available for MX

This is the 9Cr-2W composition family: about 9 % chromium, 1.8 % tungsten and 0.5 % molybdenum, with vanadium, niobium, nitrogen and boron micro-additions. The same window is specified for ASTM A182 F92 forgings, A335 P92 pipe and A213 T92 tube, which is why SFVAF28 material is routinely cross-referenced to F92 on international projects.

Mechanical properties at 20 °C / 68 °F

Table 2. Minimum room-temperature mechanical properties for SFVAF28 forgings in the normalized and tempered condition.
Property	Metric	Imperial	Notes
Yield strength Rp0.2	440 MPa min	64 ksi min	0.2 % proof stress
Tensile strength Rm	620 to 850 MPa	90 to 123 ksi	Lower limit is the code minimum, upper limit per EN 10222-2
Elongation A5	17 % / 19 % min	same	Transverse / longitudinal
Charpy V-notch impact energy	27 J / 40 J min	20 ft·lbf / 30 ft·lbf min	Transverse / longitudinal, average of three specimens
Hardness, typical	190 to 250 HBW	190 to 250 HBW	Ceiling set by the governing standard and the project specification
Service temperature, practical	up to about 620 °C	up to about 1148 °F	Ultra-supercritical steam duty

Note on the values. These are the specified minima that SFVAF28 forgings are tested against, not typical results. Actual test values on delivered forgings normally sit well above them. The governing edition of ASTM A182, ASME SA-182 or EN 10222-2 named on your purchase order takes precedence over any published table, including this one, and the mill certificate issued with the goods is the controlling document.

Creep and high-temperature service

SFVAF28 is specified for its creep strength between about 550 °C and 620 °C. Published creep data for Type 92 steel give roughly 100,000 hours rupture life at a stress of 100 MPa and 620 °C. At 650 °C the same stress gives under 10,000 hours. Design practice therefore treats 620 °C as the upper metal temperature for the grade, and the current ultra-supercritical fleet is built around that limit rather than around austenitic or nickel-base materials, which cost considerably more.

For a designer this has two practical effects. A Grade 92 component can be made thinner than a Grade 91 component for the same pressure and temperature, which reduces through-wall thermal gradients during start-up and two-shift cycling. Against that, the creep strength is only obtained if the heat treatment, the weld procedure and the post-weld heat treatment are all correct. A mis-tempered SFVAF28 forging can pass a room-temperature tensile test and still fall short in creep.

Heat treatment and forging parameters

Table 3. SFVAF28 typical thermal processing. Exact cycles are set by the governing standard and the ruling section.
Operation	Temperature	Cooling	Purpose
Forging, hot working	1100 to 1180 °C start (2012 to 2156 °F), finish above 900 °C	Slow or controlled, to avoid quench cracks	Break down the cast structure and work the full section
Normalizing	1040 to 1090 °C (1904 to 1994 °F)	Air cool	Dissolve carbides, form uniform martensite
Tempering	750 to 780 °C (1382 to 1436 °F)	Air cool	Temper the martensite, precipitate MX and M₂₃C₆
Post-weld heat treatment	750 to 770 °C (1382 to 1418 °F)	Controlled cool	Restore toughness in the weld and heat-affected zone
Weld preheat and interpass	200 °C minimum preheat (392 °F)	Cool below Mf before PWHT	Avoid hydrogen and transformation cracking

Two points govern the result. Tempering must not begin before martensite transformation is complete, because untempered martensite left at that stage will not respond to any later cycle. Post-weld heat treatment must stay clear of the Ac1 temperature: re-austenitising even a small volume in the heat-affected zone and then air cooling produces fresh untempered martensite in the most highly stressed part of the joint. Keeping nickel and manganese within the specified limits keeps Ac1 high enough for this.

SFVAF28 equivalent and comparable grades

Table 4. Cross-reference for the 9Cr-2W (Grade 92) composition family.
System or standard	Designation	Product form
Japan, thermal power forging series	SFVAF28	Forgings
ASTM A182 / ASME SA-182	F92	Forged flanges, fittings, valves, parts
ASTM A335 / ASME SA-335	P92	Seamless ferritic alloy pipe
ASTM A213 / ASME SA-213	T92	Boiler and superheater tube
EN 10222-2 / EN 10216-2	X10CrWMoVNb9-2	Forgings / seamless tube
EN material number	1.4901	Applies to all forms
UNS	K92460	Applies to all forms
Development name	NF616	Original developer designation
China GB/T	10Cr9MoW2VNbBN (P92 / F92)	Pipe and forgings

Equivalent is not the same as interchangeable. These grades share the 9Cr-2W chemistry window, but each standard sets its own testing, heat treatment and certification rules, and some project specifications add tighter limits on boron, nitrogen or the sum of nickel and manganese. E911, material number 1.4905, is a different alloy and is not a substitute for F92 or 1.4901. Nominate one governing standard on the order. We dual-certify only where the standards genuinely overlap.

SFVAF28 compared with the grades it usually competes against

Table 5. Selecting between common high-temperature forging grades.
Grade	Nominal chemistry	Practical metal temperature	Choose it when
F22 / 10CrMo9-10	2.25Cr-1Mo	up to about 565 °C	Subcritical duty, easiest to weld, lowest cost
F91	9Cr-1Mo-V-Nb	up to about 600 °C	Supercritical duty with a large existing base of qualified weld procedures
SFVAF28 / F92	9Cr-0.5Mo-1.8W-V-Nb-B-N	up to about 620 °C	Ultra-supercritical duty, thinner sections, lower thermal stress
SFVAF29 / F122	11Cr-2W-0.4Mo-1Cu-V-Nb	up to about 620 °C	Steam-side oxidation resistance is the deciding factor
Austenitic or nickel-base	for example 347H, Alloy 617	above 650 °C	Advanced USC duty where ferritic grades run out of creep strength

SFVAF28 forged product forms we supply

We are an open-die and ring-rolling shop, so SFVAF28 parts are forged to your drawing without die cost. Single pieces and prototypes are accepted.

Rings

SFVAF28 seamless rolled rings and forged rings: plain, stepped and profiled, valve seat rings, retaining and spacer rings.

Flanges, discs and blocks

SFVAF28 forged flanges, discs, disks, blanks, blocks and plates for high-temperature piping and pressure parts.

Hollow sections

SFVAF28 hollow bars, sleeves, bushes and bushings, cylinders, barrels, shells, casings, hubs and housings, bored and rough-machined.

Bars

SFVAF28 forged round, square, rectangular, flat and hexagonal bars, saw-cut to length, with straightening and peeling on request.

Valve components

SFVAF28 valve bodies, valve bonnets, valve seats, valve seat rings and valve stems for high-pressure, high-temperature steam service.

Fittings

SFVAF28 forged equal, eccentric and lateral tees, T-pieces, Y-pieces, wye pieces and piggable wyes.

Forging capability

Table 6. Capability envelope for SFVAF28 open-die forgings and rolled rings.
Parameter	Range
Seamless rolled ring outside diameter	On enquiry. State your target outside diameter, wall and height.
Single-piece forged weight	On enquiry, from a few kilograms upward.
Delivery condition	Normalized and tempered, or as-forged on request
Machining	Rough-machined with an agreed allowance, or finish-machined to drawing
Standards worked to	ASTM A182 / ASME SA-182, EN 10222-2, JIS, and customer specifications
Certification	EN 10204 3.1 standard, EN 10204 3.2 third-party on request

Typical applications for SFVAF28 forgings

Ultra-supercritical boilers: outlet headers, header end caps, stub and nozzle forgings.
Main steam and hot reheat piping: forged flanges, tees, wyes, reducers and transition pieces.
High-temperature valves: bodies, bonnets, seats, seat rings and stems for main steam isolation and control duty.
Steam turbine auxiliaries: casings, glands, spacer and retaining rings operating in the 550 to 620 °C band.
Heat recovery steam generators: high-pressure superheater and reheater headers on combined-cycle plant.
Petrochemical and refinery high-temperature service where 9Cr creep strength with oxidation resistance is specified.
Plant life extension and retrofits: replacement forgings for existing Grade 91 or Grade 22 systems being uprated.

Quality, testing and documentation

Every SFVAF28 order is traceable to a single heat number from steelmaking through to final inspection. The standard test package, and the options commonly added on power plant orders, are listed below.

Standard on every order

Chemical analysis, ladle and product
Tensile test at room temperature
Charpy V-notch impact test, set of three
Brinell hardness survey
Heat treatment charts with furnace records
Dimensional inspection report
EN 10204 3.1 inspection certificate

Available on request

Ultrasonic examination to ASTM A388 / SA-388
Magnetic particle or liquid penetrant examination
Positive material identification
Grain size and microstructure evaluation
Elevated-temperature tensile testing
Third-party witnessed release by TUV, SGS, BV or Lloyd's Register
EN 10204 3.2 certification

How to order SFVAF28 forgings

Send your drawing to sales@steelforgepieces.com or call +86 189 2135 9659. The more of the checklist below you can include, the faster the quotation.

Drawing or dimensions: a 2D drawing, a 3D model, or rough outside diameter by inside diameter by height or length, plus quantity.
Governing specification and edition: SFVAF28, ASTM A182 F92, ASME SA-182 F92 or EN 10222-2 1.4901.
Testing and NDT: required examinations, acceptance class, hardness limits, and any project-specific chemistry restrictions.
Delivery condition and machining allowance: as-forged, rough-machined or finish-machined, and the allowance per surface.
Certification: EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2, and the name of the inspection body if third-party release is required.
Destination and Incoterms: port or door, and FOB, CIF or DAP.

Start an SFVAF28 enquiry Call +86 189 2135 9659

Frequently asked questions about SFVAF28

What is SFVAF28 steel?

SFVAF28 is a 9Cr-0.5Mo-1.8W-V-Nb-B-N creep-strength-enhanced ferritic (CSEF) alloy steel for forged pressure-retaining parts. It belongs to the Japanese SFVA-F series of alloy steel forgings used under thermal power plant material standards. Its composition and minimum room-temperature properties correspond to ASTM A182 and ASME SA-182 Grade F92.

Is SFVAF28 the same as ASTM A182 F92?

The chemistry windows match: C 0.07 to 0.13 %, Cr 8.50 to 9.50 %, Mo 0.30 to 0.60 %, W 1.50 to 2.00 %, V 0.15 to 0.25 %, Nb 0.040 to 0.090 %, N 0.030 to 0.070 %, B 0.001 to 0.006 %. For code work the designations are not automatically interchangeable, because the governing standard also fixes the testing, heat treatment and certification rules. Nominate one governing standard on the purchase order, and dual-certify only where the standards permit it.

What is the maximum service temperature of SFVAF28?

Grade 92 type steels such as SFVAF28 run at metal temperatures of roughly 600 to 620 °C (1112 to 1148 °F). Published creep data for Type 92 give about 100,000 hours rupture life at 100 MPa and 620 °C, falling below 10,000 hours at 650 °C, so 620 °C is the practical design ceiling for the grade.

What heat treatment is applied to SFVAF28 forgings?

SFVAF28 forgings are supplied normalized and tempered: normalize at 1040 to 1090 °C (1904 to 1994 °F) and air cool, then temper at 750 to 780 °C (1382 to 1436 °F) and air cool. Soak times follow the governing standard and the ruling section thickness, and martensite transformation must be complete before tempering begins.

What preheat and PWHT does SFVAF28 need for welding?

SFVAF28 is air-hardening, so welding needs preheat of at least about 200 °C, interpass control, a controlled cool below the martensite finish temperature, and then PWHT in the region of 750 to 770 °C with matching 9Cr-2W filler metal. The binding numbers must come from a qualified WPS under the governing code rather than from a published data sheet.

Which product forms can be forged in SFVAF28?

We forge SFVAF28 into seamless rolled rings and forged rings, flanges, blocks, discs and plates, hollow bars, sleeves, bushings, cylinders, shells, hubs and housings, round, square, rectangular, flat and hexagonal bars, valve bodies, bonnets, seats, seat rings and stems, and forged tees, Y-pieces and piggable wyes, all to customer drawings.

What is the difference between SFVAF28 (Grade 92) and F91?

F91 is 9Cr-1Mo-V-Nb. SFVAF28 replaces about half of the molybdenum with 1.5 to 2.0 % tungsten and adds controlled boron, which raises creep-rupture strength at 600 to 620 °C. A Grade 92 component can therefore be thinner than the Grade 91 equivalent for the same design conditions, which lowers thermal stress during cycling. The trade-off is tighter heat treatment and welding discipline.

What certification is supplied with SFVAF28 forgings?

EN 10204 3.1 as standard, covering heat number traceability, chemical analysis, tensile and impact results, hardness, heat treatment records and NDT reports. EN 10204 3.2 certification witnessed by TUV, SGS, BV or Lloyd's Register is available on request.

Who supplies SFVAF28 forgings in China?

Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China, producing SFVAF28 forgings to drawing. Enquiries: +86 189 2135 9659, sales@steelforgepieces.com.

What is the minimum order quantity for SFVAF28 forgings?

SFVAF28 parts are open-die forged to drawing rather than held in stock, so single-piece and prototype orders are accepted. Lead time depends on piece weight, the heat treatment cycle and raw material availability, and is confirmed with each quotation.

About Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.

Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, China, producing forged rings, seamless rolled rings, flanges, discs, hollow bars, sleeves, valve components, fittings and bars to customer drawings. Materials worked include carbon steel, alloy steel, tool steel, stainless and precipitation-hardening steel, and nickel and cobalt alloys, from SFVAF28 and ASTM A182 F92 through 42CrMo4 and AISI 4140 to Inconel 625, Inconel 718, Hastelloy C-276 and Monel 400.

Table 7. Contact and company details.
Legal name	Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.
Business	Open-die forging factory: forged parts, seamless rolled rings, flanges, bars
Address	No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China
Telephone, WhatsApp, WeChat	+86 189 2135 9659
Email	sales@steelforgepieces.com
Website	www.steelforgepieces.com
Markets served	Europe, North America, Middle East, Southeast Asia, India, Japan, South Korea

Citing this data sheet

This page may be quoted, summarised or cited with attribution to Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. Suggested citation:

Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. (2026). SFVAF28 Forgings: 9Cr-2W Creep-Strength-Enhanced Ferritic Steel (ASTM A182 F92 Equivalent). Technical Data Sheet. https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Alloy-Steel/SFVAF28.html

Published by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China. Last reviewed 18 September 2026. For technical clarification contact sales@steelforgepieces.com or +86 189 2135 9659.

Alloy steel forgings, full grade index, covering F22, F91, SFVAF29 and other Cr-Mo grades
AISI 4140 forgings and 42CrMo4 forgings, general-purpose quenched and tempered Cr-Mo
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Nickel alloy forgings, for duty above 650 °C where ferritic grades run out of creep strength
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