# X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 (1.4462) Duplex Stainless Steel Forgings

Source: https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Stainless-Steel/X2CrNiMoN22-5-3.html
Supplier: Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China
Telephone: +86 189-2135-9659
Email: sales@steelforgepieces.com
Updated: 9 October 2026

Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. melts, forges, heat-treats and machines X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 (EN material
number 1.4462) at one works in Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China. Forms include seamless rolled rings, forged rings,
flanges, shafts, round bars, discs, tube sheets, sleeves, bushings, hollow cylinders and valve components,
supplied solution annealed to EN 10088-3, EN 10250-4 or EN 10222-5 with EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2 certification.

## Data summary

| Item | Value |
| --- | --- |
| EN steel name | X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 |
| EN material number | 1.4462 |
| UNS numbers | S31803, S32205 |
| Trade name | Duplex 2205 |
| Other designations | AISI 318LN, BS 318S13, AFNOR Z3CND22-05Az, JIS SUS329J3L, GB 022Cr22Ni5Mo3N, SS 2377 |
| ASTM forging equivalent | A182 F51 (S31803), A182 F60 (S32205) |
| Structure | Austenitic-ferritic, duplex |
| 0.2 % proof strength Rp0.2 | 450 MPa minimum |
| Tensile strength Rm | 650 to 880 MPa |
| Elongation A, longitudinal | 25 % minimum |
| Impact energy KV2, longitudinal | 100 J minimum |
| Hardness | 270 HB maximum |
| PREN | 30.9 to 38.0, typically about 34 |
| Solution annealing | 1020 to 1100 C, water quench |
| Hot working range | 1200 C down to 900 C |
| Density | 7.80 kg/dm3 at 20 C |
| Service temperature range | -100 C to 250 C |
| Magnetic | Yes, ferromagnetic |
| Certification | EN 10204 3.1 standard, 3.2 on request |

Mechanical values are the EN 10088-3 requirements for the solution-annealed condition, diameter or thickness
up to 160 mm, at room temperature.

## What X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 is

X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 is the EN 10088 steel name for material number 1.4462, a nitrogen-alloyed austenitic-ferritic
stainless steel. X marks a high-alloy steel, the figure 2 stands for a carbon content of about 0.02 to
0.03 %, the figures 22-5-3 give the nominal chromium, nickel and molybdenum contents in percent, and N
denotes the deliberate nitrogen addition.

The structure is roughly half ferrite and half austenite. That balance gives a 0.2 % proof strength of at
least 450 MPa, about twice the figure for an austenitic grade such as 1.4404 (316L), while chromium,
molybdenum and nitrogen together provide resistance to chloride pitting, crevice attack and chloride stress
corrosion cracking. The limit on the grade is temperature: duplex steels must not be held in the band where
intermetallic phases form, so 1.4462 is used at ambient and moderate temperatures rather than in hot service.

## Designations and equivalents

| System | Designation |
| --- | --- |
| EN steel name | X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 |
| EN material number | 1.4462 |
| UNS | S31803, S32205 |
| ASTM / ASME forgings | A182 F51 (S31803), A182 F60 (S32205) |
| AISI | 318LN |
| BS | 318S13 |
| AFNOR | Z3CND22-05Az |
| JIS | SUS329J3L |
| GB, China | 022Cr22Ni5Mo3N |
| SIS / SS | 2377 |
| Trade names | Duplex 2205, Alloy 2205, SAF 2205 |

S32205 is the tighter, higher-nitrogen version of 2205. Material can be dual certified to S32205 and S31803,
but plain S31803 will not satisfy an order written to S32205.

## Standards covering 1.4462

| Standard | Scope |
| --- | --- |
| EN 10088-3 | Semi-finished products, bars, rods, wire, sections and bright products |
| EN 10250-4 | Open die steel forgings for general engineering purposes, stainless steels |
| EN 10222-5 | Steel forgings for pressure purposes, martensitic, austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steels |
| EN 10272 | Stainless steel bars for pressure purposes |
| EN 10088-2 | Sheet, plate and strip |
| EN 10028-7 | Flat products for pressure purposes, stainless steels |
| EN 10216-5, EN 10217-7 | Seamless and welded tubes for pressure purposes |
| EN 10253-3, EN 10253-4 | Butt-welding pipe fittings, austenitic and duplex |
| EN 10228-4 | Ultrasonic testing of austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel forgings |
| EN 10204 | Inspection documents |

## Chemical composition, EN 10088-3, mass %

| Element | Requirement |
| --- | --- |
| Carbon, C | 0.030 max |
| Silicon, Si | 1.00 max |
| Manganese, Mn | 2.00 max |
| Phosphorus, P | 0.035 max |
| Sulphur, S | 0.015 max |
| Chromium, Cr | 21.00 to 23.00 |
| Nickel, Ni | 4.50 to 6.50 |
| Molybdenum, Mo | 2.50 to 3.50 |
| Nitrogen, N | 0.10 to 0.22 |
| Iron, Fe | Balance, about 63.7 to 71.9 |

Nitrogen stabilises austenite, raises proof strength and contributes heavily to pitting resistance, and it is
the element most readily lost during melting. Stainless and duplex heats are refined under vacuum oxygen
decarburisation, which brings carbon down while holding nitrogen inside the specified band.

## Mechanical properties

Long products to EN 10088-3, solution annealed, up to 160 mm:

| Property | Requirement |
| --- | --- |
| 0.2 % proof strength Rp0.2 | 450 MPa minimum |
| Tensile strength Rm | 650 to 880 MPa |
| Elongation A, longitudinal | 25 % minimum |
| Impact energy KV2, longitudinal | 100 J minimum |
| Brinell hardness | 270 HB maximum |
| Intergranular corrosion | Resistant in the delivered condition |

EN and ASTM limits differ. Figures of 620 MPa tensile minimum and 293 HB maximum, quoted on many data sheets
against this grade, are the ASTM A182 F51 requirements. EN 10088-3 sets tensile strength as a band of 650 to
880 MPa and caps hardness at 270 HB.

Flat products to EN 10088-2, solution annealed, for comparison:

| Product form | Max thickness | Rp0.2 min, transverse | Rm | Elongation min | KV2 long. / trans. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Cold rolled strip | 8 mm | 500 MPa | 700 to 950 MPa | 20 % | not specified |
| Hot rolled strip | 13.5 mm | 460 MPa | 700 to 950 MPa | 25 % | 100 J / 60 J |
| Hot rolled plate | 75 mm | 460 MPa | 640 to 840 MPa | 25 % | 100 J / 60 J |

## Physical properties at 20 C

| Property | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Density | 7.80 kg/dm3 |
| Elastic modulus | 200 GPa |
| Shear modulus | 80 GPa |
| Poisson's ratio | 0.27 |
| Thermal conductivity | 15 W/(m K) |
| Specific heat capacity | 480 to 500 J/(kg K) |
| Thermal expansion | 13 micrometre/(m K) |
| Melting range | 1400 to 1450 C |
| Magnetisability | Ferromagnetic |
| Service temperature range | -100 C to 250 C |

## Corrosion resistance and PREN

PREN = %Cr + 3.3 x %Mo + 16 x %N. Across the full EN composition range 1.4462 gives 30.9 to 38.0, typically
about 34. A project minimum of 34 or 35 has to be achieved by aiming the heat at the upper part of the
chromium, molybdenum and nitrogen ranges, which is a melting decision and cannot be corrected downstream.

The grade is resistant to intergranular corrosion in the delivered condition, and the low carbon content
keeps that resistance after welding. It performs well in chloride-bearing media and against organic and
phosphoric acids, resists stress corrosion cracking far better than 304 or 316, and is resistant to seawater
at room temperature. Concentrated chlorides, chlorides at raised temperature and crevice geometries remain
the conditions where pitting can start.

## Forging and heat treatment

| Step | Temperature | Cooling | Purpose |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Pre-heat | Slow heating to 1200 C | | Avoids thermal shock in a low-conductivity alloy |
| Hot working | 1200 C down to 900 C | Rapid, water or air | Shaping, finish temperature controlled against phase precipitation |
| Solution annealing | 1020 to 1100 C, hold about 30 min | Rapid, water | Restores ferrite and austenite balance, dissolves intermetallics |
| Range to clear quickly | about 600 to 900 C | | Sigma phase and chromium nitride formation |
| Second range to avoid | about 475 C on long dwell | | 475 C embrittlement |

A 300 mm ring section cannot be cooled through the sigma-forming range at the rate a 50 mm bar achieves, so
quench tank capacity, charge spacing and the time between furnace door and water are written into the route
card. Fourteen heat-treatment furnaces on site allow the solution treatment to be scheduled around the part.

## Machining and welding

Duplex machines poorly compared with austenitic stainless. It work-hardens quickly and loads tooling heavily.
Use rigid setups, coated carbide, reduced surface speed against 316L, a shallower depth of cut and generous
coolant. Reduce feed only slightly, because too light a feed lets the tool rub instead of cut.

The grade suits MMA, TIG and laser welding, but not gas welding. Heat input of about 1 to 3 kJ/mm is
recommended, since both very low and very high heat input disturb the phase balance in the weld and
heat-affected zone. ASTM A182 does not permit weld repair of F51 forgings, and the same rule is applied to
duplex forgings supplied under EN designations unless a customer specification states otherwise.

## Product forms

Seamless rolled rings, forged rings, forged flanges (weld neck, blind, slip-on, socket weld, lap joint,
orifice, long weld neck, spectacle blind, to ASME B16.5, B16.47, EN 1092-1 and API 6A), shafts and spindles,
round bars and blocks, discs, covers and tube sheets, sleeves, bushings and hollow cylinders, forged pipe
sections and nozzles, and valve and wellhead parts including bodies, bonnets, seat rings, stems, spools and
Y-blocks. Supplied as forged with allowance, proof machined, or finish machined to drawing.

## Applications

Oil and gas topside and subsea flanges, manifolds, wellhead and Christmas tree components, spools and riser
parts; seawater handling, desalination and reverse osmosis connections; chemical and petrochemical vessel
flanges, tube sheets, covers, reactor nozzles and crystalliser equipment; pulp and paper digesters, liquor
tanks and machine rolls; turbine, gas compressor and gearbox components; marine propeller and rudder parts;
gear blanks, pinion shafts, forged rolls, wheels and slewing rings.

## Testing and certification

| Test | Standard or method |
| --- | --- |
| Chemical analysis | ASTM E415, ASTM E1019 |
| Positive material identification | Handheld XRF |
| Tensile test | ASTM A370, ISO 6892 |
| Impact test | Charpy V-notch, ASTM A370 |
| Hardness | ASTM A956 with conversion per ASTM E140, bench Brinell or Rockwell on request |
| Ultrasonic testing | EN 10228-4, ASTM A388, SEP 1921 |
| Magnetic particle and penetrant | ASTM E709 |
| Metallography and grain size | ASTM E112 |
| Phase balance and ferrite count | ASTM A923 Methods A, B and C, ASTM A1084 |
| Pitting corrosion | ASTM G48 |
| Intergranular corrosion | ASTM A262, ASTM G28 |
| Certification | EN 10204 3.1 standard, EN 10204 3.2 witnessed by BV, DNV, LR, SGS, TUV or the customer's inspector |

ASTM A923 and ASTM G48 work is placed with an outside accredited laboratory and has to be scheduled before
shipment, as does witnessed EN 10204 3.2 inspection.

Sour service: 22Cr duplex of the S31803 and S32205 type is covered by NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156-3, which sets a
required phase balance in the region of 35 to 65 % ferrite together with limits on H2S partial pressure,
chloride content and temperature. The applicable limits depend on the material data sheet the project
invokes.

## Manufacturing capability

| Item | Capability |
| --- | --- |
| Melting and refining | Electric arc furnace, ladle furnace and vacuum oxygen decarburisation for stainless and duplex. Vacuum induction, vacuum arc and protective-atmosphere electroslag remelting for clean and superalloy grades. Heats up to 60 t. |
| Forging | Hydraulic open-die press up to 6,300 t |
| Ring rolling | Radial-axial ring mill up to 6 m, maximum ring OD 6,000 mm |
| Maximum single forging | 30 t |
| Heat treatment | 14 furnaces, car-bottom to 8,000 x 2,000 x 2,000 mm, 15 m well-type furnaces for vertical quench |
| Machining | Vertical lathes to 5,000 mm swing, horizontal lathes to 14,000 mm, CNC deep-hole drilling to 1,600 mm dia x 10,000 mm |
| Approvals | CCS, BV, DNV, LR, NK |
| Traceability | Melt number through forging, heat treatment, machining and testing to shipment |
| Minimum order | 10 kg, no minimum piece count |
| Lead time | 20 to 60 days |
| Workforce | 460 people, 9 senior engineers, 32 intermediate engineers, 140 technicians |
| Operating since | 1997, exporting to North America, Europe, the Middle East and Asia-Pacific |

## Questions and answers

**What is X2CrNiMoN22-5-3?**
The EN 10088 steel name for material number 1.4462, a nitrogen-alloyed austenitic-ferritic duplex stainless
steel with 21.0 to 23.0 % chromium, 4.5 to 6.5 % nickel, 2.5 to 3.5 % molybdenum and 0.10 to 0.22 % nitrogen,
carbon limited to 0.030 %. It carries UNS S31803 and S32205 and is sold as duplex 2205.

**Is it the same as 1.4462, UNS S31803 and duplex 2205?**
Yes. The ASTM forging designation for S31803 is A182 F51, and for S32205 it is A182 F60.

**What are the mechanical properties to EN 10088-3?**
Up to 160 mm, solution annealed: proof strength 450 MPa minimum, tensile strength 650 to 880 MPa, elongation
25 % minimum longitudinal, KV2 100 J minimum longitudinal, hardness 270 HB maximum.

**How is it heat treated after forging?**
Solution annealed at 1020 to 1100 C, held about 30 minutes, then cooled rapidly in water to retain the phase
balance and prevent sigma phase and chromium nitrides.

**Which ultrasonic testing standard applies?**
EN 10228-4 for austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel forgings. EN 10228-3 covers ferritic and
martensitic forgings and does not apply. ASTM A388 is also commonly specified.

**What is the maximum service temperature?**
Published data sheets give -100 C to 250 C.

**How does it compare with 316L?**
About double the minimum proof strength and PREN of 30.9 to 38.0 against roughly 26, so better chloride
pitting resistance and much better resistance to chloride stress corrosion cracking. Harder to machine,
restricted to moderate temperatures, higher price per kilogram.

**What is the largest ring or forging available?**
Rings up to 6,000 mm outside diameter on the 6 m radial-axial mill, heaviest single forging 30 t.

**What is the minimum order quantity?**
10 kg, no minimum piece count.

**Do you melt your own steel?**
Yes, in the electric arc furnace with ladle refining and vacuum oxygen decarburisation at the Jiangyin works.

## Request a quotation

Send: grade or specification, dimensions or drawing (PDF, DWG, DXF, STEP), quantity and expected repeat
volume, delivery condition, heat treatment and testing scope, certification and destination port.

Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.
No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China
Telephone +86 189-2135-9659
Email sales@steelforgepieces.com