# X1NiCrMoCu31-27-4 Forgings (EN 1.4563 / UNS N08028 / Alloy 28)

Supplier: Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., open-die forging factory, No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China. Phone +86-189-2135-9659. Email sales@steelforgepieces.com. Source page: https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Stainless-Steel/X1NiCrMoCu31-27-4.html

## Summary

X1NiCrMoCu31-27-4 is the EN name for stainless steel 1.4563, a high-alloy austenitic grade with nominally 27 % chromium, 31 % nickel, 3.5 % molybdenum and 1 % copper, with carbon capped at 0.020 %. It is the European equivalent of UNS N08028, sold commercially as Alloy 28. Copper and high molybdenum give resistance in both oxidising and reducing acids; 31 % nickel with 27 % chromium gives high resistance to chloride stress corrosion cracking.

| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| EN / UNS | 1.4563 / N08028 |
| Composition | C max 0.020, Cr 26.0-28.0, Ni 30.0-32.0, Mo 3.0-4.0, Cu 0.7-1.5, N max 0.1 % |
| Annealed strength | Rm 550-750 MPa, Rp0.2 min 220 MPa, A min 40 % |
| Forging range | 1150 to 850 C, then solution anneal 1100-1160 C and water quench |
| Approvals | ASME BPVC Sec. I, III, VIII-1; VdTUV 483; NACE MR0103; NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 |

## Equivalent designations

| System | Designation |
|---|---|
| EN name | X1NiCrMoCu31-27-4 |
| EN material number | 1.4563 |
| UNS | N08028 |
| ISO | 4563-080-28-I |
| DIN | X1NiCrMoCuN31-27-4 |
| SS, Sweden | 2584 |
| AFNOR, France | Z1NCDU31-27-03, Z2NCDU31-27 |
| GOST | 02Ch27N31M4 (0227314) |
| Commercial names | Alloy 28, Sanicro 28, Nicrofer 3127 LC, Remanit 4563, Nirosta 4563 |

## Chemical composition, % by weight

| Specification | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni | Cu | N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EN 1.4563 | max 0.020 | max 0.7 | max 2.0 | max 0.03 | max 0.01 | 26.0-28.0 | 3.0-4.0 | 30.0-32.0 | 0.7-1.5 | max 0.1 |
| ISO / UNS N08028 | max 0.03 | max 1.0 | max 2.5 | max 0.03 | max 0.03 | 26.0-28.0 | 3.0-4.0 | 30.0-34.0 | 0.6-1.4 | not specified |
| Nominal | max 0.020 | max 0.7 | max 2.0 | max 0.020 | max 0.010 | 27 | 3.5 | 31 | 1.0 | max 0.1 |

Balance iron. PREN from the nominal analysis, using %Cr + 3.3 x %Mo, is approximately 38.6. Nitrogen is not credited because EN 1.4563 gives a maximum only.

## Mechanical properties, solution annealed at 20 C

| Product size | Rp0.2 | Rp1.0 | Rm | A | Hardness |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thickness up to 20 mm, bar up to 100 mm dia. | min 220 MPa (32 ksi) | min 250 MPa | 550-750 MPa (80-109 ksi) | min 40 % | max 90 HRB |
| Thickness over 20 mm, bar over 100 mm dia. | min 200 MPa (29 ksi) | min 230 MPa | 550-750 MPa | min 40 % | max 90 HRB |
| Forgings, hot forged and solution annealed | min 220 MPa | not specified | 500-700 MPa | min 40 % | below 230 HB |

Impact toughness: KV above 100 J longitudinal and above 60 J transverse at +20 C for forgings, with transverse KV above 60 J at -196 C. The grade meets EN 13445-2 UFPV-2 at minimum 60 J at -270 C and EN 10216-5 at minimum 60 J at -196 C.

Cold worked product for oil and gas service reaches Rp0.2 of at least 760 MPa at max 35 HRC and at least 860 MPa at max 37 HRC. This is a separate delivery condition from annealed forgings.

## Minimum strength at temperature, heavy sections

| Temperature, C | Rp0.2 min, MPa | Rp1.0 min, MPa | Rm min, MPa |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50 | 180 | 205 | 550 |
| 100 | 160 | 190 | 510 |
| 150 | 150 | 180 | 470 |
| 200 | 140 | 170 | 440 |
| 250 | 130 | 160 | 410 |
| 300 | 120 | 150 | 390 |
| 350 | 115 | 140 | 380 |
| 400 | 110 | 135 | 370 |
| 450 | 105 | 130 | 360 |
| 500 | 100 | 125 | 350 |
| 550 | 95 | 120 | 340 |

Creep rupture strength is approximately 186 MPa at 600 C for 10 000 h and 146 MPa at 600 C for 100 000 h.

## Physical properties

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Density | 8.0 g/cm3 (0.29 lb/in3) |
| Modulus of elasticity at 20 C | 195 GPa; 190 GPa at 100 C, 182 GPa at 200 C, 174 GPa at 300 C |
| Thermal conductivity at 20 C | 10 to 12 W/(m.K) depending on source, 24 W/(m.K) at 600 C |
| Specific heat capacity at 20 C | 460 J/(kg.K) |
| Electrical resistivity at 20 C | 0.99 micro-ohm.m |
| Mean thermal expansion 30-100 C | 15 x 10-6 per K; 16.5 x 10-6 per K over 30-600 C |
| Relative magnetic permeability | about 1.003 |

## Corrosion performance

In contaminated 95 % superphosphoric acid at 200 C over 20 days the corrosion rate was 0.03 mm per year, matching Alloy G, against 0.10 mm per year for Alloy 904L and 0.23 mm per year for UNS N08020. In sulphuric acid the grade suits 40 to 70 % deaerated acid and above 85 %, with resistance in 98 % acid comparable with Alloy C. Critical pitting temperature in synthetic seawater exceeds Alloy 904L and Alloy 825, and in ASTM G48 method B it outperformed Alloy 825. ASTM G28 testing shows at least 30 minutes tolerance in the 600 to 700 C sensitising range without intergranular attack. In boiling 43 % NaOH with 6.7 % NaCl at 142 C for 500 h it showed no cracking, while Alloy 800 and Alloy 904L cracked.

Limitations: superduplex 2507 is more resistant in pure seawater, and prolonged exposure above 600 C causes intermetallic embrittlement.

## Standards

Open die forgings: EN 10250-4:2000. Bars and semi-finished: EN 10088-1, EN 10088-3, EN 10088-5, EN 10272. Flat products for pressure purposes: EN 10028-7, EN 10088-2, EN 10088-4, ASTM B709. Seamless tube: EN 10216-5, EN 10297-2, ASTM B668, SEW 400, NFA 49-217. Welded tube and fittings: EN 10217-7, EN 10253-3, EN 10253-4, ASTM A403. Approvals: ASME BPVC Section III, Section I under Code Case 1325-18, Section VIII Division 1, VdTUV-Werkstoffblatt 483, NACE MR0103, NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156. Ultrasonic testing of forgings: EN 10228-3, SEP 1921, ASTM A388. Certificates: EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2.

## Processing

Melting by electric arc furnace with VOD refining, ESR available. Hot working 1150 to 850 C. Solution anneal 1100 to 1160 C for 10 to 30 minutes, water quench; an alternative range of 1050 to 1150 C is also published. Turning speed must be reduced by roughly 50 to 55 % against free-machining 316 and 316L with coated cemented carbide tooling, with only slight feed reduction. ISO welding group 8.2, no preheat required.

## Forged products supplied

Seamless rolled rings, forged rings, flanges and blind flanges, round bars and billets, discs and blanks, sleeves and bushings, hollow shafts, spindles and eccentric shafts, tube sheets, nozzles, valve bodies, bonnets, seat rings and stems, pump and compressor parts, gear blanks, heat exchanger components. All produced to customer drawing or dimension list.

Served industries: phosphoric and sulphuric acid plant, oil and gas including sour service, offshore and subsea, seawater and power including nuclear heat exchangers, valves and flow control, pulp and paper, fine chemicals.

## Contact

Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.
No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China
Phone +86-189-2135-9659
Email sales@steelforgepieces.com
Web https://www.steelforgepieces.com/

Data compiled from EN 10088 and EN 10250-4 grade listings, ASTM B668 and published producer datasheets, for guidance only. The governing figures for any order are those in the purchase specification and mill certificate. Reviewed 9 October 2026.