# X15CrNi25-20 Forgings: Rolled Rings, Flanges, Bars, Discs and Shafts

1.4841 / X15CrNiSi25-21 / AISI 314 / UNS S31400 / BS 314S25 / EN 10095

Source page: https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Stainless-Steel/X15CrNi25-20.html
Manufacturer: Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China
Contact: sales@steelforgepieces.com / +86 189 2135 9659
Published 9 October 2026. Last reviewed 9 October 2026.

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## Summary

X15CrNi25-20 is a trade designation for the heat-resisting 25 % chromium, 20 % nickel austenitic steel standardised today as X15CrNiSi25-21, material number 1.4841, in EN 10095. Older DIN-era mill datasheets print the name as X15CrNiSi25-20, and the silicon symbol is often dropped in enquiries, which is where the form X15CrNi25-20 comes from. The grade resists scaling in air to about 1150 C. The American counterpart is AISI 314 / UNS S31400.

Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, China. It forges X15CrNi25-20 seamless rolled rings, flanges, round bars, discs, shafts, sleeves, bushings and tube sheets to drawing, solution annealed, with EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2 certification.

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Werkstoff | 1.4841 |
| EN 10095 name | X15CrNiSi25-21 |
| Older DIN rendering | X15CrNiSi25-20 |
| AISI / SAE | 314 |
| UNS | S31400 |
| BS | 314S25 |
| AFNOR | Z15CNS25-20 |
| JIS | SUH 310 |
| PN | H25N20S2 |
| Scaling resistance in air | to about 1150 C |
| Delivery condition | Solution annealed 1050 to 1150 C, rapid cooling |

## The designation

X15CrNi25-20 is not a current EN designation. EN 10095 lists the 25Cr-20Ni austenitic heat-resisting grades as X15CrNiSi25-21 (1.4841) and X8CrNi25-21 (1.4845). Older DIN-era datasheets give the name of 1.4841 as X15CrNiSi25-20, and 1.4842 is named X12CrNi25-20.

Written without the silicon symbol, X15CrNi25-20 points at 1.4841 in the large majority of enquiries. A minority of buyers use it for 1.4842 / AISI 310. The difference is not cosmetic: 1.4841 carries 1.50 to 2.50 % silicon, and that silicon buys the top 50 to 100 C of scaling resistance. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal confirms the intended material number in writing before any heat is melted.

| Material number | Designation | Carbon | Silicon | Usually called |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1.4841 | X15CrNiSi25-21 (old DIN: X15CrNiSi25-20) | max 0.20 % | 1.50 to 2.50 % | AISI 314, S31400 |
| 1.4842 | X12CrNi25-20 | max 0.15 % | lower, no Si minimum | AISI 310 |
| 1.4845 | X8CrNi25-21 | max 0.10 % | max 1.50 % | AISI 310S, S31008 |

## What the grade is

1.4841 is a fully austenitic chromium-nickel-silicon steel for continuous service in hot gas. Chromium at 24 to 26 % forms the protective oxide. Nickel at 19 to 22 % holds the structure austenitic at temperature, which stops the thermal fatigue and spalling that shortens the life of ferritic grades under cyclic heating. Silicon at 1.50 to 2.50 % densifies the oxide layer and lifts the scaling limit to roughly 1150 C in air.

Carbon is permitted up to 0.20 %, high for a stainless grade and deliberate, since it raises hot strength and creep resistance. The cost is that the steel sensitises in the as-welded condition and is not intended for wet chloride or acid duty. This is a heat-resisting steel rather than a corrosion-resisting one, despite a PREN in the region of 24 to 29.

Use 1.4841 where the part lives in a furnace, a burner, a radiant tube or a carburising box and stays hot. Use 1.4845 / 310S where the part is welded into a pressure boundary, where intergranular attack after welding matters, or where the duty is wet rather than dry.

## Chemical composition, EN 10095, weight percent

| Element | Min | Max |
| --- | --- | --- |
| C | - | 0.20 |
| Si | 1.50 | 2.50 |
| Mn | - | 2.00 |
| P | - | 0.045 |
| S | - | 0.015 |
| Cr | 24.00 | 26.00 |
| Ni | 19.00 | 22.00 |
| N | - | 0.11 |
| Fe | balance | |

EN 10095 gives silicon as 1.50 to 2.50 %. Datasheets issued against EN 10088-3 commonly show the narrower band 1.50 to 2.00 %.

### Comparison with neighbouring grades

| Element | 1.4841 | 1.4845 | ASTM A182 F310 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| C | max 0.20 | max 0.10 | max 0.25 |
| Si | 1.50 to 2.50 | max 1.50 | max 1.00 |
| Mn | max 2.00 | max 2.00 | max 2.00 |
| P | max 0.045 | max 0.045 | max 0.045 |
| S | max 0.015 | max 0.015 | max 0.030 |
| Cr | 24.0 to 26.0 | 24.0 to 26.0 | 24.0 to 26.0 |
| Ni | 19.0 to 22.0 | 19.0 to 22.0 | 19.0 to 22.0 |

ASTM A182 F310 caps silicon at 1.00 % maximum while EN 1.4841 sets a silicon minimum of 1.50 %. One heat cannot satisfy both specifications.

## Mechanical properties, solution annealed, room temperature

| Property | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Tensile strength Rm | 550 to 750 MPa |
| Proof strength Rp0.2 | min 230 MPa |
| Proof strength Rp1.0 | min 270 MPa |
| Elongation A5 longitudinal | min 30 % |
| Hardness | max 223 HB |

ASTM minima where the American route governs: A182 F310 forgings, tensile min 515 MPa, yield min 205 MPa, elongation min 30 %, reduction of area min 50 %. A240 type 310S plate, tensile min 515 MPa, yield min 205 MPa, elongation min 40 %, hardness max 95 HRB.

## Physical properties

| Property | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Density | 7.9 g/cm3 at 20 C |
| Modulus of elasticity | about 200 GPa at 20 C |
| Thermal conductivity | about 14 to 15 W/m.K at 20 C |
| Specific heat capacity | about 500 J/kg.K at 20 C |
| Electrical resistivity | about 0.9 to 1.0 micro-ohm.m at 20 C |
| Magnetisability | non-magnetic, slightly magnetic after cold forming |
| PREN | about 24 to 29 |
| Solution annealing | 1050 to 1150 C, rapid cooling |
| Hot forming range | 1150 down to 800 C |
| Forging range | 1175 down to 1000 C |

## High-temperature limits

Scaling resistance in air up to about 1150 C, with continuous service usually held to around 1100 C. Creep resistance generally quoted up to about 690 C. Resistance to sulphurous gases, oxidising or reducing, falls away above roughly 650 C. Resistance in nitrogenous, carburising and low-oxygen gases is moderate up to about 900 C. Do not process or hold the material in the 600 to 900 C band, where sigma phase forms and embrittles the steel.

## Forged products

Seamless rolled rings, radial-axial rolled from an upset and pierced blank. Forged flanges, weld neck, slip-on, blind, lap joint, orifice and custom bore, to ASME B16.5 or B16.47 or to drawing, Class 150 to Class 2500. Round bars and shafts, forged and peeled or rough turned. Discs, blanks and tube sheets, drilled or undrilled. Sleeves, bushings and bored or trepanned hollows. Valve and furnace components including bodies, bonnets, stems, seat rings, grate bars and hanger pins.

Every item is made to drawing. Single pieces and prototype quantities are quoted. For a quotation give outside diameter, inside diameter, height or length, wall or thickness, quantity, delivery condition, NDT class, certification level, service temperature and any project specification.

## Forging route

Electric arc furnace melting with VOD refining, with electroslag remelting where the specification or section size calls for tighter control of segregation and inclusion content. Billets are heated into the 1175 to 1000 C window and worked to a controlled reduction schedule, then cooled rapidly in air or water. Forging reduction is agreed at order stage, with 3:1 as the normal minimum. Rings are upset, punched and radial-axial rolled so grain flow follows the circumference. Forgings are solution annealed between 1050 and 1150 C and cooled rapidly, with soak time set by section thickness. The grade is not precipitation hardening, so solution annealing is the whole heat treatment.

## Testing and certification

Optical emission spectrometry on every heat, plus XRF positive material identification before packing. Tensile and hardness to ASTM A370 / ASTM E8 or the EN route. Ultrasonic testing to ASTM A388, EN 10228-3 or SEP 1921. Liquid penetrant to ASTM E165 or EN 10228-2, since magnetic particle does not apply to a non-magnetic grade. ASTM A262 intergranular corrosion testing where a project calls for it. EN 10204 3.1 certification as standard, 3.2 endorsed by BV, SGS, TUV, Lloyd's or DNV on request. Third-party inspection at the works is welcome.

## Applications

Furnace linings and rollers, combustion chamber covers, retort components, heat treatment baskets and jigs, carburising boxes, grate bars and hanger pins. Oil and gas burner parts, burner nozzles, radiant tube sections, flame holders and recuperator components. Pyrolysis and reformer furnace internals, hanger systems, tube sheets and support rings. Steam boiler components, superheater supports, flue and exhaust parts, thermocouple sheaths and pockets. Kiln and furnace hardware in cement, glass and ceramics. Incinerator and thermal oxidiser internals.

Service life at temperature depends on atmosphere, cycling, stress and contaminants. This data is a selection guide, not a warranty of service performance.

## Welding and machining

Suitable for TIG, MAG, submerged arc, laser beam and manual arc, normally without preheat and without post-weld heat treatment. Hot cracking is the principal risk, so maximum welding energy should be limited. A 1.4842 / X12CrNi25-20 type filler is commonly used. Corrosion resistance is reduced by welding and the material is susceptible to intergranular corrosion in the as-welded condition.

Machinability is medium. Carbides can form during machining and increase tool wear, and the austenitic matrix work hardens. Use rigid setups, sharp positive-rake carbide tooling, modest speeds and depths, steady feed and flood coolant.

## Grade selection

| Point of comparison | 1.4841 | 1.4845 | 1.4833 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Common name | AISI 314 | AISI 310S | AISI 309S type |
| Cr / Ni % | 24-26 / 19-22 | 24-26 / 19-22 | 22-24 / 12-14 |
| Silicon % | 1.50 to 2.50 | max 1.50 | max 1.00 |
| Carbon % | max 0.20 | max 0.10 | max 0.15 |
| Scaling resistance in air | highest, to about 1150 C | high | moderate |
| Weldability | weldable, sensitisation risk | better, lower carbon | good |

## Frequently asked questions

**What is X15CrNi25-20?** A trade designation for the heat-resisting 25 % chromium, 20 % nickel austenitic steel standardised today as X15CrNiSi25-21, material number 1.4841, in EN 10095. The American counterparts are AISI 314 and UNS S31400.

**Is X15CrNi25-20 the same as 1.4841?** In most enquiries, yes. A minority of buyers use the name for 1.4842 / X12CrNi25-20, the lower-silicon AISI 310 type. The two are not interchangeable.

**What is the ASTM equivalent?** AISI 314 / UNS S31400 is the closest American grade. For forgings, ASTM A182 grade F310 (UNS S31000) or ASTM A240 type 310 and 310S. A182 F310 and EN 1.4841 have conflicting silicon limits.

**Maximum service temperature?** Scaling resistant in air to about 1150 C, continuous service usually limited to around 1100 C, creep resistance generally quoted to about 690 C.

**Why does silicon matter?** Silicon of 1.50 to 2.50 % densifies the protective oxide and lifts scaling resistance to about 1150 C. A datasheet showing silicon as max 1.00 or 1.50 % under a DIN or EN heading is describing AISI 310 or 310S, not 1.4841.

**Heat treatment?** Solution annealing between 1050 and 1150 C with rapid cooling, soak time set by section thickness.

**Is it magnetic?** No, austenitic and not magnetisable in the solution annealed condition, slightly magnetic after cold forming.

**Who supplies X15CrNi25-20 open-die forgings in China?** Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China. sales@steelforgepieces.com / +86 189 2135 9659.

## Data sources

Composition limits for 1.4841, 1.4845 and 1.4833 from the EN 10095 heat-resisting steel composition tables. Mechanical, physical, heat treatment, welding, machining and scaling-temperature data compiled from mill and stockholder datasheets issued against EN 10095 and EN 10088-3. ASTM figures from ASTM A182 / A182M grade F310 (UNS S31000) and ASTM A240 / A240M type 310S.