# UNS S32205 Forgings (ASTM A182 F60, 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel)

**Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. forges UNS S32205 duplex stainless steel from steel melted on its own site in Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China: seamless rolled rings, forged rings, flanges, shafts, discs, tube sheets, sleeves, bushings and hollow cylinders.**

UNS S32205 is a 22 percent chromium, nitrogen-enhanced ferritic-austenitic stainless steel, carried in ASTM A182 as forging grade F60 and in EN as 1.4462 / X2CrNiMoN22-5-3. It offers roughly double the proof strength of 316L together with markedly better resistance to chloride pitting and chloride stress corrosion cracking.

- Source page: https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Stainless-Steel/UNS-S32205.html
- Supplier: Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.
- Address: No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province 214423, China
- Telephone: +86 189 2135 9659
- Email: sales@steelforgepieces.com
- Established 1997. 460 staff. Approvals: CCS, BV, DNV, LR, NK.

## Designations

| System | Designation |
|---|---|
| UNS | S32205 |
| ASTM A182 / A182M | F60 (22Cr, 5.5Ni, 3Mo, modified with nitrogen, grade 2205) |
| ASTM bar and plate | A479 S32205, A276 S32205, A240 S32205 |
| EN number | 1.4462 |
| EN name | X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 |
| Old British BS | 318S13 |
| Swedish SS | 2377 |
| Japanese JIS | SUS 329J3L |
| Trade names | Alloy 2205, SAF 2205 |

S32205 is the tightened successor to S31803. Because every S32205 analysis also falls inside the S31803 ranges, heats are routinely dual-certified to both numbers. The reverse is not possible: an S31803 heat at the low end of chromium, molybdenum or nitrogen cannot be certified as S32205.

## Chemical composition, weight percent, balance iron

| Grade | | C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni | N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S32205 (A182 F60) | min | – | – | – | – | – | 22.00 | 3.00 | 4.5 | 0.14 |
| S32205 (A182 F60) | max | 0.030 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.030 | 0.020 | 23.00 | 3.50 | 6.5 | 0.20 |
| S31803 (A182 F51) | min | – | – | – | – | – | 21.0 | 2.5 | 4.5 | 0.08 |
| S31803 (A182 F51) | max | 0.030 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.030 | 0.020 | 23.0 | 3.5 | 6.5 | 0.20 |

Three minima distinguish the grades: Cr 22.0, Mo 3.0 and N 0.14.

## Mechanical properties, minimum, solution annealed

| Property | ASTM A182 F60 forgings | 2205 flat rolled, comparison |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 655 MPa (95 ksi) | 621 MPa |
| Yield strength, 0.2 percent proof | 450 MPa (65 ksi) | 448 MPa |
| Elongation | 25 percent in 2 in. or 4D | 25 percent in 50 mm |
| Reduction of area | 45 percent | not specified |
| Hardness, max | per order | 31 HRC / 293 HB |

Forging and plate acceptance values differ. A 620 MPa tensile requirement on a forging drawing has usually been copied from a plate data sheet.

In heavy forged sections the quench rate at mid-wall governs ferrite balance and toughness, so test location, orientation and sampling depth are agreed at enquiry stage, along with any ASTM A923 or ASTM E562 requirement.

## Physical properties

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Density | 7,800 kg/m3 |
| Elastic modulus | 190 GPa |
| Mean thermal expansion, 0 to 100 C | 13.7 um/m.C |
| Mean thermal expansion, 0 to 315 C | 14.2 um/m.C |
| Thermal conductivity at 100 C | 19 W/m.K |
| Specific heat, 0 to 100 C | 418 J/kg.K |
| Electrical resistivity | 850 nohm.m |
| Magnetic response | ferromagnetic |

## Corrosion

- PREN = Cr + 3.3Mo + 16N. About 34 at minimum composition, about 36 at nominal composition.
- Critical pitting temperature about 35 C.
- Chloride stress corrosion cracking: resistant at temperatures to 150 C, against roughly 60 C for standard 300-series stainless.
- Intergranular attack: carbon capped at 0.030 percent; products evaluated to ASTM A923 and free of harmful intermetallic phase.
- General corrosion better than 316, 316L and 317L in most environments.
- Seawater: suitable for cold and brackish chloride water. For warm aerated seawater, super duplex such as A182 F53 / S32750 or A182 F55 / S32760 carries the margin that 2205 does not.
- Sour service: governed by NACE MR0175 and ISO 15156-3, which set combined limits on temperature, hydrogen sulphide partial pressure, chloride, pH, hardness and cold work. Those conditions apply together, not one at a time.

## Temperature and phase stability

| Range | Behaviour | Consequence |
|---|---|---|
| 705 to 980 C (1300 to 1800 F) | sigma phase, fastest at about 807 C | loss of ductility and corrosion resistance |
| 345 to 525 C (650 to 980 F) | alpha prime, the 475 C embrittlement | limits continuous service below about 315 C |
| above 300 C | brittle micro-constituents precipitate on extended exposure | grade performs well below 300 C |
| below minus 50 C | ductile to brittle transition | not suitable for continuous service |

## Forging and heat treatment practice

- Heat to 1120 to 1150 C uniformly.
- Do not forge below 950 C. Reheat as often as required. Hammer forging preferred, generous die radii.
- Risks: hot tearing and surface checking if started too hot; ferrite cracking and sigma precipitation if finished too cold. Condition coarse grinding marks on the billet before the first heat.
- Solution anneal 1020 to 1100 C, aim point 1065 C, held 10 minutes minimum or 30 minutes per inch of thickness, then mandatory water quench. Rapid heat-up. Cool below 370 C quickly.
- Furnace cooling and air cooling are not acceptable and give unusable mechanical and corrosion properties.
- Support the work in the furnace. The alloy has very low strength at annealing temperature.
- No sub-critical stress relief. There is no safe temperature below the annealing range.

## Machining and welding

- Cutting speeds roughly 20 percent below grade 304. Reduce feeds only slightly.
- Filler metals: AWS A5.9 ER2209 for GMAW, GTAW and SAW; AWS A5.4 E2209 for SMAW; AWS A5.22 E2209-T0-1 or T1-1 for FCAW.
- Do not weld autogenously; the result is excess ferrite.
- Argon shielding, up to 2 percent nitrogen. No oxygen, no hydrogen.
- Heat input: GMAW 0.8 to 1.8 kJ/mm; GTAW 0.8 to 2.0 kJ/mm on light gauges; SAW 1.8 to 2.2 kJ/mm with a highly basic flux. Do not use acid fluxes intended for 18-8 stainless.

## Manufacturing capability for this grade

| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| Melting | Electric arc furnace 25 t; ladle furnace 25 t and 50 t; vacuum oxygen decarburisation 30 t and 60 t for stainless, duplex and low-carbon grades; ESR 3 t and 6 t under protective atmosphere |
| Maximum heat | 60 t |
| Forging | 6,300 t, 4,000 t and 2,000 t open-die hydraulic presses; hammers 750 kg to 5 t |
| Ring rolling | Radial-axial mills at 6 m, 3 m and 1 m maximum outside diameter |
| Heat treatment | 14 furnaces, including high-temperature car-bottom units and two well-type furnaces 15,000 mm deep by 1,500 mm diameter for vertical quenching of long shafts |
| Machining | Vertical lathes to 5,000 mm swing; horizontal lathes to 1,600 mm by 14,000 mm; CNC to 2,000 mm by 10,000 mm; deep-hole drilling to 1,600 mm by 10,000 mm |

## Size envelope for UNS S32205

| Product | Limit | Set by |
|---|---|---|
| Seamless rolled rings | OD 50 mm to 6,000 mm | 6 m ring mill; upset-and-punch below mill range |
| Forged flanges (A182 F60) | weld neck, blind, slip-on, socket weld, lap joint, orifice, swivel, long weld neck | ASME B16.5, B16.47, API 6A |
| Shafts and spindles | to 14,000 mm turned length | C61160 lathe; 15 m well furnace |
| Discs, tube sheets, blocks, covers | to 5,000 mm machined diameter | 5,000 mm vertical lathe |
| Bored cylinders, sleeves, bushings, hollow shafts | to 1,600 mm dia by 10,000 mm | CNC deep-hole drill |
| Valve bodies, bonnets, stems, seat rings, spools, nozzles, manifolds | per drawing | API 6A, NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 where specified |
| Single piece weight | to 30,000 kg | 60 t heat, 6,300 t press |
| Minimum order | 10 kg, no minimum piece count | |
| Lead time | 20 to 60 days | melt scheduling and machining content |

## Applications

Heat exchanger tube sheets, shell rings and covers in brackish and chloride cooling water; desalination equipment; wellhead, Christmas tree, manifold and spool components; moderately sour downhole hardware; separators and crystalliser parts; pulp digester and liquor tank components; marine shafts, rolls and wheels; pump, compressor, turbine and gearbox parts; valve bodies, bonnets, stems and seat rings for ball, gate, globe, check and plug valves.

## Testing and certification

ASTM A182 or A479 chemical and mechanical testing; low-temperature Charpy on request; ultrasonic examination to EN 10228-3, SEP 1921 or ASTM A388; ferrite content by ASTM E562 or ferritescope; ASTM A923 intermetallic phase screening; ASTM A262 Practice E and ASTM G48 Method A corrosion testing on request; PMI, hardness survey, dimensional report, PT and MT; EN 10204 3.1 or EN 10204 3.2 certification with third-party witness.

## Frequently asked

**Is UNS S32205 the same as ASTM A182 F60?** Yes. F60 is the A182 identification symbol for S32205.

**Difference from S31803?** S32205 requires Cr 22.0 min, Mo 3.0 min, N 0.14 min. S32205 can be dual-certified as S31803; S31803 cannot be upgraded to S32205.

**Why do sources quote 620 and 655 MPa?** 655 MPa is the A182 F60 forging minimum. 621 MPa is the flat rolled figure. Yield is effectively the same at 450 MPa.

**PREN?** About 34 at minimum composition, about 36 at nominal.

**Seawater?** Suitable for cold and brackish chloride water. Use super duplex for warm aerated seawater.

**Post-forging heat treatment?** Mandatory solution anneal 1020 to 1100 C plus water quench.

**Magnetic?** Yes, roughly half the structure is ferrite.

**Service temperature?** About minus 50 C to 300 C.

**Minimum order?** 10 kg, no minimum piece count.

## References

1. ASTM A182 / A182M, F60 / UNS S32205. https://ferrobend.com/specifications/astm/forgings/a182-a182m-uns-s32205/
2. Rolled Alloys, 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Data Book, bulletin 1101USe. https://www.rolledalloys.com/wp-content/uploads/2205-Duplex-Stainless-Steel-DataBook-Rolled-Alloys-US.pdf
3. IMOA Shop Sheet 101, Hot forming and heat treatment of duplex stainless steels. https://www.imoa.info/download_files/stainless-steel/IMOA_Shop_Sheet_101.pdf
4. AZoM, Stainless Steel Grade 2205 Duplex (UNS S32205). https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=958
5. Langley Alloys, What are duplex grades F51, F53, F55, F60 and F61? https://www.langleyalloys.com/technical-resources/what-duplex-grades-f51-f53-f55-f60-f61/
6. Alleima, SAF 2205 billet data sheet. https://www.alleima.com/en/technical-center/material-datasheets/billets/saf-2205/

Last reviewed 2026-10-07.