---
title: "2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Forgings, UNS S31803 / S32205, ASTM A182 F51 / F60"
description: "Open-die 2205 duplex stainless steel forgings: rolled rings to 6 m, flanges, shafts, discs, tube sheets. UNS S31803 / S32205, ASTM A182 F51 / F60, EN 1.4462, EN 10204 3.1 and 3.2."
canonical: "https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Stainless-Steel/SAF-2205.html"
manufacturer: "Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd."
address: "No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China"
telephone: "+86-189-2135-9659"
email: "sales@steelforgepieces.com"
updated: "2026-10-03"
---

# 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Forgings, UNS S31803 / S32205, ASTM A182 F51 / F60

Seamless rolled rings, flanges, shafts, discs, sleeves and tube sheets, open-die forged to drawing. Also supplied against the trademark designation SAF 2205 and against EN 1.4462, X2CrNiMoN22-5-3.

Manufactured by **Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.**, an open-die forging works at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China. Melting and forging in one works since 1997. Telephone +86 189 2135 9659, email sales@steelforgepieces.com.

## Summary

2205 is a 22 percent chromium ferritic-austenitic duplex stainless steel with roughly twice the yield strength of standard austenitic grades and a pitting resistance equivalent above 35, giving better pitting, crevice and chloride stress corrosion resistance than 316L. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal forges it into rolled rings, flanges, shafts and discs to ASTM A182 F51 (S31803) and F60 (S32205), hot works it between 950 and 1200 C, solution anneals at 1020 to 1100 C with a rapid water quench, and certifies to EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2.

| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Grade | 2205 duplex stainless steel |
| UNS | S31803, S32205 |
| Forging specification | ASTM A182 F51, F60 |
| EN | 1.4462, X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 |
| Microstructure | Ferritic-austenitic duplex, close to 50/50 |
| PREN | Above 35 |
| Minimum yield | 450 MPa, 65 ksi |
| Minimum tensile | 620 MPa, 90 ksi |
| Solution anneal | 1020 to 1100 C, water quench |
| Service window | About minus 50 C to 300 C |
| Certificate | EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2 |

## 1. Grade identity and cross-reference

Buyers reach this alloy under at least six names. They describe one material family, and the differences lie in specification range and product form rather than in the alloy itself. SAF 2205 is a trademark held by Alleima, formerly Sandvik Materials Technology. Where a drawing calls for SAF 2205, the material supplied is the equivalent UNS S31803 or S32205 chemistry, certified to whichever ASTM or EN specification the order names.

| System | Designation | Note |
|---|---|---|
| UNS | S31803 and S32205 | S32205 is the later, tighter range |
| ASTM A182, forgings | F51 for S31803, F60 for S32205 | Flanges, fittings, valves, forged parts |
| ASTM A479, bar | S31803 and S32205 | Bar and semi-finished product |
| EN number and name | 1.4462, X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 | EN 10088-3 |
| British BS | 318S13 | Superseded |
| Swedish SS | 2377 | Superseded |
| Japanese JIS | SUS 329J3L | |
| Trademark | SAF 2205 | Owned by Alleima, quoted for cross-reference |

### S31803 or S32205, which to order

When duplex steels were first standardised, the specification was written as S31803. Several mills consistently produced toward the upper end of that range to maximise corrosion performance, helped by refining practice that allowed nitrogen to be added deliberately instead of being left as a background element. The gap between bottom of range and top of range material can amount to several PREN points, and S32205 was introduced to capture the top of range material. S32205 fully meets S31803, so F60 material can be dual certified as F51, while S31803 material cannot be certified as S32205.

## 2. Chemical composition

Weight percent, balance iron.

| Element | S31803, A182 F51 | S32205, A182 F60 | Nominal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon | 0.030 max | 0.030 max | 0.025 max |
| Silicon | 1.00 max | 1.00 max | 1.0 max |
| Manganese | 2.00 max | 2.00 max | 2.0 max |
| Phosphorus | 0.030 max | 0.030 max | 0.030 max |
| Sulphur | 0.020 max | 0.020 max | 0.015 max |
| Chromium | 21.0 to 23.0 | 22.0 to 23.0 | 22 |
| Nickel | 4.5 to 6.5 | 4.5 to 6.5 | 5 |
| Molybdenum | 2.5 to 3.5 | 3.0 to 3.5 | 3.2 |
| Nitrogen | 0.08 to 0.20 | 0.14 to 0.20 | 0.18 |

Chromium, molybdenum and nitrogen are the three elements where S32205 is tighter than S31803, and they are the three that drive PREN. Melting is carried out in our own steel plant by EAF with ladle furnace and VOD refining, with ESR remelting available on request.

## 3. Mechanical properties

Room temperature minima for forged products to ASTM A182 F51 and F60.

| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile strength, minimum | 620 MPa | 90 ksi |
| 0.2 percent proof strength, minimum | 450 MPa | 65 ksi |
| Elongation, minimum | 25 percent | 25 percent |
| Reduction of area, minimum | 45 percent | 45 percent |
| Hardness, maximum | 31 HRC, about 290 to 293 HBW | 31 HRC |
| Charpy V-notch at minus 46 C | Supplementary, commonly 45 J average and 35 J single minimum on offshore orders | |

Separately solution annealed and quenched test pieces normally return 0.2 percent proof strength at or above 450 MPa, 1.0 percent proof strength at or above 500 MPa, tensile strength between 660 and 860 MPa and hardness no higher than 270 HBW. Heavy forged sections are judged on prolongation test pieces representing the actual section.

## 4. Physical properties

| Property | 2205 duplex | 316L |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 7.8 g/cm3 | About 8.0 g/cm3 |
| Modulus of elasticity at 20 C | 190 to 200 GPa | About 193 GPa |
| Thermal expansion, 30 to 100 C | 13.0 x 10-6 per C | 16.5 x 10-6 per C |
| Thermal conductivity at 100 C | 16 W/m K | 15 W/m K |
| Specific heat at 20 C | 480 J/kg K | |
| Magnetic response | Ferromagnetic | Non-magnetic |

The expansion coefficient sits closer to carbon steel than to austenitic stainless steel, which matters in tube sheets, heat exchangers and bolted joints where duplex mates with carbon steel.

## 5. Corrosion performance

### Pitting and crevice corrosion

PREN = Cr + 3.3 Mo + 16 N.

| Alloy | Cr | Mo | N | PREN |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2205 duplex | 22 | 3.2 | 0.18 | Above 35 |
| Alloy 825 | 21.5 | 3.0 | | 31 |
| 317L | 18 | 3.5 | | 30 |
| 316L | 17 | 2.2 | | 24 |

The critical pitting temperature falls in the region of 35 C. Where the duty calls for a PREN above 40, the next step up is A182 F53, S32750, or A182 F55, S32760.

### Stress corrosion cracking

Austenitic grades of the 304L and 316L type become susceptible to chloride stress corrosion cracking above roughly 60 C. 2205 resists chloride stress corrosion cracking to around 150 C, which is the most common single reason for replacing 316L in brackish water and chloride bearing process duty.

### Intergranular attack, erosion and fatigue

Austenite reforms quickly in the weld heat affected zone, keeping corrosion resistance and toughness there close to the parent metal, and welded joints pass ASTM A262 Practice E testing. In rotary bending fatigue in 3 percent sodium chloride at 40 C, unnotched 2205 withstood 430 MPa against 260 MPa for 316L at 2 x 10^7 cycles.

### Sour service

In accordance with NACE MR0175, solution annealed and cold worked UNS S31803 is accepted up to 232 C, 450 F, provided hydrogen sulphide partial pressure does not exceed 0.02 bar, 0.3 psi, proof strength is not above 1100 MPa and hardness is not above 36 HRC. Project specifications often impose tighter hardness caps.

## 6. Forging, heat treatment and machining

| Operation | Parameter |
|---|---|
| Melting | EAF with ladle furnace and VOD refining, ESR remelt on request |
| Hot forging and hot working | 950 to 1200 C, then quench in air or water |
| Solution annealing | 1020 to 1100 C, 1870 to 2010 F, rapid cooling in water |
| Hardening by heat treatment | Not possible, work hardens only |
| Welding consumables | AWS A5.9 ER2209 for TIG and MIG, AWS A5.4 E2209-17 or E2209-15 for SMAW |
| Heat input and interpass | 0.5 to 2.5 kJ/mm, interpass below 150 C |
| Turning speed | Reduce by about 20 to 30 percent against a machinability improved 2205, roughly 20 percent against grade 304 |

Quench rate decides the result on heavy sections, because slow cooling from the annealing temperature precipitates intermetallic phases and both toughness and corrosion resistance fall away. Charge size is set by quench tank capacity rather than furnace capacity.

## 7. Forged product range

Plant capability: 6,300 tonne open-die press, 6 metre seamless ring rolling mill, 60 tonne heats melted in house, class approvals from CCS, BV, DNV, LR and NK.

| Product form | Size range | Typical application |
|---|---|---|
| Seamless rolled rings | Outside diameter 200 to 6000 mm | Bearing races, flange rings, tower rings |
| Forged flanges | Half inch to 60 inch, to Class 2500 | Pipework, wellhead, subsea |
| Round bars and shafts | Diameter 60 to 1200 mm, length to 8000 mm | Pump and compressor shafts, spindles, valve stems |
| Discs and blanks | Diameter 100 to 3000 mm | Valve discs, blind flanges, gear blanks |
| Sleeves, bushings, hollow bars | Outside diameter to 2000 mm | Wear sleeves, pump casings |
| Tube sheets and plates | To 3000 mm square or round | Heat exchangers, seawater coolers |
| Valve bodies, blocks, nozzles, crankshafts | To drawing | Ball, gate, globe and check valves, manifolds |

## 8. Applications

Chloride and hydrogen sulphide resistance put 2205 into refinery service and into process solutions contaminated with chlorides, and it suits heat exchangers cooled with brackish or chloride bearing water. It handles dilute sulphuric acid and organic acids such as acetic acid and acid mixtures. Forgings in this grade ship into oil and gas, covering wellhead and christmas tree components, subsea and deepwater production hardware, downhole parts for moderately corrosive sour gas wells and manifolds; into chemical and petrochemical plant as flanges, valves, fittings, couplings, reactor parts and crystalliser components; into marine and desalination work as seawater piping parts, pump and compressor components and shipbuilding items; into pulp and paper as digesters, liquor tanks, paper machine rolls and shafts; into power generation as turbine and gear components, generator and nitrogen generator parts and industrial air compressors; and into heat transfer equipment as tube sheets, separator internals and exchanger shells.

## 9. Quality, testing and documentation

Each order is forged under a traceable heat number and released against an EN 10204 3.1 certificate, or EN 10204 3.2 with third party witness. The works holds approvals from CCS, BV, DNV, LR and NK. Ultrasonic examination follows EN 10228-3, SEP 1921 or ASTM A388 at the acceptance class named on the order. Available on request: ferrite content by metallographic count or Feritscope, intermetallic phase screening to ASTM A923, pitting corrosion testing to ASTM G48 Method A, positive material identification, low temperature Charpy sets, hardness mapping, and compliance statements to NACE MR0175 or ISO 15156.

## 10. Frequently asked questions

**Is SAF 2205 the same as UNS S31803 and S32205?**
SAF 2205 is a trademark held by Alleima, formerly Sandvik Materials Technology, for a 22 percent chromium duplex ferritic-austenitic stainless steel. The generic equivalents are UNS S31803 and the tighter UNS S32205, along with EN 1.4462, X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 and JIS SUS 329J3L. S32205 can be dual certified as S31803, but not the other way round.

**What is the difference between A182 F51 and A182 F60?**
F51 is the A182 forging grade for S31803 and F60 is the grade for S32205. Same alloy family, different compositional range. F60 carries higher minimum chromium, molybdenum and nitrogen, so its guaranteed PREN is higher. Mechanical minima are identical at 620 MPa tensile, 450 MPa yield and 25 percent elongation.

**How much stronger is 2205 than 316L?**
Roughly twice the yield strength. 2205 guarantees 450 MPa minimum 0.2 percent proof stress in the solution annealed condition, which often allows a thinner section.

**Can 2205 duplex be used above 300 C?**
No. Prolonged exposure above about 280 to 300 C precipitates brittle micro-constituents and degrades impact strength, and below about minus 50 C the material passes through a ductile to brittle transition.

**Does 2205 need post-weld heat treatment?**
Preheat and post-weld heat treatment are normally unnecessary. Use ER2209 or E2209 consumables, keep heat input between 0.5 and 2.5 kJ/mm and interpass below 150 C. Avoid autogenous welding without filler.

**What information is needed for a quotation?**
A drawing or outline dimensions, quantity, the specification to be certified against, heat treatment condition, NDT requirements and acceptance class, and any supplementary testing such as Charpy temperature, ASTM A923 or ASTM G48.

## Related grades

A182 F53 super duplex S32750, A182 F55 super duplex S32760, A182 F61, A182 F44 S31254, 904L, Sanicro 28, Incoloy 825, Inconel 625.

## Contact

Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., open-die forging works
No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China
Telephone +86 189 2135 9659
Email sales@steelforgepieces.com
Page: https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Stainless-Steel/SAF-2205.html

Reference documents: ASTM A182 / A182M grades F51 and F60, ASTM A479, EN 10088-3, published mill data for the 22Cr duplex grade, NACE MR0175. Figures are for guidance; the governing document is the specification named on the purchase order.

SAF 2205 and Sanicro are trademarks of Alleima. Trademarks are quoted for cross-reference only and do not imply affiliation.