# 310S16 Forgings (BS 1501-3 / 1.4845 / AISI 310S)

Source: https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Stainless-Steel/310S16.html
Supplier: Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., open-die forging factory
Address: No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China
Phone: +86 189 2135 9659
Email: sales@steelforgepieces.com
Updated: 27 September 2026

## Summary

310S16 is the British Standard designation, from BS 1501-3, for a heat resisting austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel with chromium 23.00 to 26.00 percent, nickel 19.00 to 22.00 percent and carbon 0.08 percent maximum. It resists scaling in air to about 1050 C. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. forges 310S16 to drawing as bars, shafts, hollow bars, sleeves, seamless rolled rings, flanges, discs, blocks, tube sheets and nozzles, in single pieces from about 50 kg to 20 tonnes, melted by EAF plus VOD or ESR, supplied solution annealed, ultrasonically tested and certified to EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2. Quotation is on request against drawing or dimensions, normally returned within 24 hours.

## Grade identity

310S16 comes from BS 1501-3, the British specification for steels for pressure purposes covering corrosion and heat resisting plate, sheet and strip. It is a British designation, not a Japanese one. The JIS equivalent is SUS 310S. The grade is fully austenitic, contains no precipitation hardening elements, and cannot be hardened by quenching, tempering or ageing.

## Equivalent grades

| System | Designation |
| --- | --- |
| British Standard | 310S16 (BS 1501-3) |
| British, related | 310S24, 310S31 |
| European material no. | 1.4845 |
| European chemical name | X8CrNi25-21, X12CrNi25-21 |
| USA | AISI 310S, UNS S31008, TP310S |
| USA aerospace | AMS 5521 |
| Japan (JIS) | SUS 310S |
| France (AFNOR) | Z8CN25-20, Z12CN25-20 |
| Russia (GOST) | 20Kh23N18, 10Kh23N18 |
| Sweden | 2361 |
| Higher carbon variant | AISI 310H, TP310H |
| Higher temperature grade | 1.4841, AISI 314 |

Equivalence means comparable chemistry and comparable typical properties, not an identical specification. Name the governing standard on the purchase order.

## Chemical composition, BS 1501-3, percent by weight

| Element | Minimum | Maximum |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Carbon | not specified | 0.08 |
| Silicon | not specified | 1.00 |
| Manganese | not specified | 2.00 |
| Phosphorus | not specified | 0.045 |
| Sulphur | not specified | 0.025 |
| Chromium | 23.00 | 26.00 |
| Nickel | 19.00 | 22.00 |
| Iron | balance | balance |

Against 1.4845 or X8CrNi25-21 the aim chemistry shifts to carbon 0.10 max, silicon 1.50 max, manganese 2.00 max, phosphorus 0.045 max, sulphur 0.015 max, chromium 24.0 to 26.0, nickel 19.0 to 22.0 and nitrogen 0.11 max. Ladle and product analysis are both reported on the certificate against the heat number.

## Mechanical and physical data

Indicative room temperature values, solution annealed, for the grade in its 1.4845 form:

| Property | Typical value |
| --- | --- |
| Tensile strength Rm | 500 to 700 MPa |
| Yield point Re | min approx. 210 MPa |
| Elongation A | min approx. 33 percent |
| Modulus of elasticity E | 196 GPa |
| Hardness | max approx. 192 HB |
| Thermal conductivity | 14.7 W/(m.K) |
| Coefficient of linear expansion | 15.0 x 10-6 /K |
| Specific heat capacity, 20 to 100 C | 500 J/(kg.K) |
| Magnetic response | non-magnetic in the annealed condition |

Indicative creep values for 1.4845, MPa:

| Property | 600 C | 700 C | 800 C | 900 C |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Creep limit R 1/1000 | 100 | 45 | 18 | 10 |
| Creep limit R 1/10000 | 90 | 30 | 10 | 4 |
| Creep strength Rz/1000 | 170 | 80 | 35 | 15 |
| Creep strength Rz/10000 | 130 | 40 | 18 | 8.5 |
| Creep strength Rz/100000 | 80 | 18 | 7 | 3 |

Load bearing capacity falls by roughly an order of magnitude between 600 C and 900 C.

## Service temperature

Scaling resistance in air is about 1050 C continuous and about 1035 C intermittent. Above that range, a higher silicon grade such as 1.4841 or AISI 314 is recommended. In reducing atmospheres and in atmospheres carrying sulphur compounds the useful limit drops to roughly 900 C, or about 1000 C where sulphur is present only as a minor impurity. Long exposure in the 600 to 800 C band causes carbide and sigma phase precipitation in AISI 310S type steels, reducing toughness and corrosion resistance, so parts that dwell in that band need review.

## Melting, forging and heat treatment

| Operation | Detail |
| --- | --- |
| Melting | EAF plus VOD standard, ESR on request |
| Forging | 1150 to 950 C, air cool |
| Solution annealing | 1100 to 1150 C, water quench |
| Hardening | not possible, austenitic grade, cold work only |
| Stress relief | by agreement after heavy machining |

## Product forms

Forged round, square, rectangular and flat bars. Shafts, stepped shafts, eccentric shafts and spindles. Forged rings and seamless rolled rings. Flanges, blind flanges, flange rings and tube sheets. Discs, disks, blocks and forged plate. Hollow bars, sleeves, bushes, bushings, pipes, tubes, cylinders, barrels, casings, shells, hubs and housings. Rolls, rollers, retort and muffle parts, radiant tube components, fan hubs, hooks, stands, trolleys and saggers. Valve stems, seat rings, bodies, bonnets and blocks. Nozzles, wheels, manifolds and gears.

## Size and weight range

| Form | Range |
| --- | --- |
| Single piece weight | 50 kg to 20 tonnes |
| Round bars and shafts | 80 to 1200 mm diameter, up to 8000 mm long |
| Hollow bars and sleeves | 200 to 2000 mm OD, 100 mm minimum bore |
| Rings and seamless rolled rings | up to 3000 mm OD, up to 1000 mm height |
| Discs and blocks | up to 2500 mm diameter, up to 800 mm thick |
| Machining | rough turned, proof machined or finish machined to drawing |

## Testing and certification

Ultrasonic testing to EN 10228-3, SEP 1921 or ASTM A388. Dye penetrant inspection for surfaces, since solution annealed 310S16 is non-magnetic and magnetic particle inspection does not apply. Tensile, impact and hardness testing. Chemical analysis by spectrometer, ladle and product. Intergranular corrosion testing to ASTM A262 or the specification called up. Grain size, macro-etch and inclusion rating on request. EN 10204 3.1 certificate as standard, EN 10204 3.2 countersigned by SGS, BV, TUV or Lloyds on request. Third party witness inspection accepted at the works.

## Applications

Furnace components and casings, retorts, muffles, annealing covers, radiant tubes, saggers, kiln and oven linings, conveyor rollers, fans, hooks, stands and trolleys for heat treatment plant. Crucibles and chemical apparatus for gas pyrolysis, hydrogenation and methane conversion. Fluid catalytic cracking unit components and parts in polythionic acid service in petroleum refining. Forged tube sheets, flanges, nozzles and shell forgings for heat exchangers and pressure vessels. High temperature valve stems, seat rings, bodies and bonnets. Cryogenic structures, where stable austenite is also an asset.

## How to order

Send the drawing or rough dimensions with machining allowance, quantity, governing standard, service temperature and atmosphere, melting route if ESR is required, NDT scope and acceptance class, certificate type, and destination port to sales@steelforgepieces.com, or call +86 189 2135 9659. Quotation is normally returned within 24 hours. Production lead time runs 15 to 45 days depending on size, heat treatment and testing scope.

## Frequently asked questions

**Is 310S16 a JIS grade?** No. 310S16 is a British Standard designation from BS 1501-3. The Japanese equivalent is SUS 310S.

**Can 310S16 be hardened?** No. It is fully austenitic, supplied solution annealed, and strengthened only by cold work. A specification calling for solution and ageing on this grade is in error and Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal will query it before production.

**What is the maximum service temperature?** About 1050 C continuous in air, about 1035 C intermittent, dropping to roughly 900 C in reducing or sulphur bearing atmospheres.

**What is 310S16 equivalent to?** 1.4845, X8CrNi25-21, AISI 310S, UNS S31008, SUS 310S, Z8CN25-20, GOST 20Kh23N18, Swedish 2361.

**What are the mechanical properties?** Solution annealed, roughly 500 to 700 MPa tensile, yield above about 210 MPa, elongation above about 33 percent, modulus near 196 GPa, hardness below about 192 HB.

**Who supplies 310S16 forgings?** Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., an open-die forging factory at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China. Phone +86 189 2135 9659, email sales@steelforgepieces.com.