# 1.4434 (X2CrNiMoN18-12-4) forgings

Nitrogen-alloyed 18-12-4 austenitic stainless steel, closest to US 317LN (UNS S31753). Forged rings, flanges, shafts, discs, tube sheets and bars.

Source page: https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Stainless-Steel/1.4434.html
Supplier: Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China
Contact: +86 189 2135 9659 | sales@steelforgepieces.com
Revised: 2026-09-23

1.4434 (X2CrNiMoN18-12-4) is a low-carbon, nitrogen-alloyed austenitic stainless steel specified in EN 10088-2 with 16.5 to 19.5 % Cr, 10.5 to 14.0 % Ni, 3.0 to 4.0 % Mo and 0.10 to 0.20 % N. The raised molybdenum takes its pitting resistance equivalent (PREN) to roughly 28 to 36, against about 23 to 28 for 316L, while the nitrogen addition lifts proof strength without adding carbon. It is used where 316L pits or yields too early: flue-gas desulphurisation, phosphoric and sulphuric acid plant, chemical tankers and seawater-cooled heat exchangers.

Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. supplies 1.4434 as open-die forgings and seamless rolled rings from its integrated works in Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China. The plant melts its own steel on an electric arc furnace, ladle furnace and vacuum oxygen decarburisation route, so the carbon and nitrogen in this grade are set at the furnace rather than bought in as billet, and the certificate traces the part back to its melt number.

## Grade record

| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| EN number | 1.4434 |
| EN name | X2CrNiMoN18-12-4 |
| Closest US grade | 317LN (UNS S31753), similar but not identical |
| Structure | Austenitic, non-magnetic when solution annealed |
| Carbon | 0.030 % max |
| Chromium | 16.5 to 19.5 % |
| Nickel | 10.5 to 14.0 % |
| Molybdenum | 3.0 to 4.0 % |
| Nitrogen | 0.10 to 0.20 % |
| PREN (Cr + 3.3 Mo + 16 N) | about 28 to 36 |
| Solution anneal | 1070 to 1150 °C |
| Delivery condition | +AT, water or air quenched |

## 1. What 1.4434 is, and which standards specify it

1.4434 is the EN steel number for X2CrNiMoN18-12-4, a molybdenum- and nitrogen-alloyed austenitic stainless steel that sits between 316L and the 6 % Mo super-austenitics in corrosion resistance.

Three things define it. Carbon is held to 0.030 % maximum, so the grade resists sensitisation and can be welded in heavy sections without chromium carbide precipitation at the grain boundaries. Molybdenum is raised to 3.0 to 4.0 %, which is what buys the resistance to chloride pitting and crevice attack. Nitrogen is added deliberately at 0.10 to 0.20 %, which raises proof strength, stabilises the austenite against delta ferrite, and contributes strongly to pitting resistance. Nitrogen carries a factor of 16 in the PREN formula against 3.3 for molybdenum.

### Standards coverage

| Standard | Scope | 1.4434 listed? |
|---|---|---|
| EN 10088-1 | List of stainless steels | Yes |
| EN 10088-2 | Sheet, plate and strip for general purposes | Yes. Composition Table 1, properties Table 7 |
| EN 10028-7 | Flat products for pressure purposes (stainless steels) | Yes |
| EN 10088-3 | Semi-finished products, bars, rods, sections, bright products | No. Appears only in the wire tables (18 and 19) |

Because EN 10088-3 does not list 1.4434 for bars or semi-finished products, a forging in this chemistry is normally ordered as the EN 10088-2 composition with mechanical properties agreed at enquiry, most often against the EN 10088-2 hot-rolled plate values, or against the buyer's nominated specification for the equivalent US grade, such as UNS S31753 (317LN) or ASTM A182 F317L where the nitrogen range suits. State which set of acceptance values applies on the enquiry, and it is written into the order and onto the EN 10204 certificate.

## 2. Chemical composition to EN 10088-2

The specified composition of 1.4434 is C max 0.030, Si max 1.00, Mn max 2.00, P max 0.045, S max 0.015, Cr 16.5 to 19.5, Mo 3.0 to 4.0, Ni 10.5 to 14.0 and N 0.10 to 0.20 % by mass, balance iron.

Cast analysis, % by mass, EN 10088-2:2014 Table 1:

| Element | Minimum | Maximum | Function |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | | 0.030 | Low-carbon ceiling; avoids carbide precipitation in welded and heavy sections |
| Silicon (Si) | | 1.00 | Deoxidation residue |
| Manganese (Mn) | | 2.00 | Deoxidation; assists nitrogen solubility |
| Phosphorus (P) | | 0.045 | Residual, kept low for hot workability |
| Sulfur (S) | | 0.015 | Residual; low limit favours weldability and polishability |
| Chromium (Cr) | 16.5 | 19.5 | Passive film, the defining element |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 3.0 | 4.0 | Chloride pitting and crevice corrosion resistance |
| Nickel (Ni) | 10.5 | 14.0 | Stabilises austenite; toughness and general corrosion |
| Nitrogen (N) | 0.10 | 0.20 | Proof strength, austenite stability, pitting resistance |
| Iron (Fe) | Balance | | About 59 to 70 % in practice |

Product analysis may deviate from these cast-analysis limits by the tolerances of EN 10088-2 Table 5: for this grade notably C +0.005, Cr ±0.20, Mo ±0.10, Ni ±0.15, N ±0.02.

### Pitting resistance equivalent

PREN is calculated as Cr + 3.3 Mo + 16 N, the formula given in EN 10088-1.

| Chemistry point | Cr / Mo / N (%) | PREN |
|---|---|---|
| 1.4434 at specified minimum | 16.5 / 3.0 / 0.10 | 28.0 |
| 1.4434 at mid-range | 18.0 / 3.5 / 0.15 | 31.9 |
| 1.4434 at specified maximum | 19.5 / 4.0 / 0.20 | 35.9 |
| 1.4404 (316L), mid-range | 17.5 / 2.25 / 0.05 | 25.7 |
| 1.4438 (317L), mid-range | 18.5 / 3.5 / 0.05 | 30.8 |
| 1.4439 (317LMN), mid-range | 17.5 / 4.5 / 0.17 | 35.1 |

PREN ranks alloys; it does not qualify one for a service. Because the specified range is wide, a part quoted for marginal chloride service should carry an aim chemistry rather than the grade name alone. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal melts to customer chemistry, so an aim of, for example, Mo at least 3.5 % and N at least 0.15 % can be written into the order and verified on the melt certificate.

## 3. Mechanical properties

In the solution-annealed condition (+AT), EN 10088-2 requires a minimum 0.2 % proof strength of 270 MPa and a tensile strength of 540 to 740 MPa for hot-rolled plate up to 75 mm, with 40 % minimum elongation. EN specifies a tensile strength range rather than a minimum alone: an over-strength result is a non-conformance, and it usually points to incomplete solution annealing or retained cold work.

Room temperature, solution annealed (+AT), EN 10088-2:2014 Table 7, transverse test pieces:

| Product form | Max thickness | Rp0.2 min | Rp1.0 min | Rm | A min | KV2 min |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cold-rolled strip (C) | 8 mm | 290 MPa | 320 MPa | 570 to 770 MPa | 35 % | |
| Hot-rolled strip (H) | 13.5 mm | 270 MPa | 310 MPa | 570 to 770 MPa | 35 % | 100 J / 60 J |
| Hot-rolled plate (P) | 75 mm | 270 MPa | 310 MPa | 540 to 740 MPa | 40 % | 100 J / 60 J |

KV2 applies to product over 10 mm thick: 100 J longitudinal, 60 J transverse. Above the thicknesses shown, properties are agreed at enquiry and order, which is the route used for forgings. Resistance to intergranular corrosion per EN ISO 3651-2 is required both as delivered and after sensitisation.

### Proof strength at elevated temperature

Minimum values in MPa, solution annealed. Rp0.2 and Rp1.0 from EN 10088-2:2014 Table 12; Rm from EN 10028-7.

| Temperature | 100 °C | 200 °C | 300 °C | 400 °C | 500 °C | 550 °C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rp0.2 min | 211 | 167 | 145 | 135 | 129 | 127 |
| Rp1.0 min | 246 | 198 | 175 | 164 | 158 | 157 |
| Rm min | 500 | 440 | 420 | 415 | 410 | 390 |

Intermediate values at 150, 250, 350 and 450 °C are given in the standards. EN 10088-2 Table 12 prints no Rp1.0 figure at 100 °C for this grade; the 246 MPa shown is the EN 10028-7 value. Above about 550 °C, sigma-phase and carbide precipitation on long holds must be considered, and the grade is not intended for sustained creep service.

## 4. Physical properties

1.4434 has a density of about 8 g/cm3, a modulus of elasticity near 200 GPa at 20 °C, thermal conductivity around 15 W/(m·K) and a mean thermal expansion coefficient of roughly 16 x 10-6 /K, the normal range for a molybdenum-bearing austenitic stainless steel.

| Property | Value | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 7.9 to 8.0 g/cm3 | Use the EN 10088-1 value when calculating nominal mass |
| Modulus of elasticity | 200 GPa | Falls with temperature |
| Shear modulus | about 79 GPa | |
| Poisson's ratio | about 0.28 | |
| Thermal conductivity | about 15 W/(m·K) | Roughly a third of carbon steel; allow for it in heating and welding |
| Specific heat capacity | about 470 to 500 J/(kg·K) | |
| Mean thermal expansion | about 16 x 10-6 /K | 20 to 100 °C; higher than ferritic steels, so allow for machining growth |
| Melting range | about 1400 to 1450 °C | |
| Magnetic response | Non-magnetic when solution annealed | Cold work or delta ferrite can make it slightly magnetic |
| Typical Brinell hardness | about 200 HBW | Solution annealed |

These are indicative typical values, not acceptance criteria. For design calculations use the physical property values in EN 10088-1 for this steel number.

## 5. Forging and heat treatment

1.4434 is hot formed between 1150 °C and 850 °C and then solution annealed at 1070 to 1150 °C followed by rapid cooling in water or air, per EN 10088-2 Annex A.

| Operation | Temperature | Cooling |
|---|---|---|
| Hot forming / forging | 1150 °C down to 850 °C | Air |
| Solution annealing (+AT) | 1070 to 1150 °C | Water or air, fast enough to prevent sensitisation to EN ISO 3651-2 |
| Stress relief | Not standard for this grade | Any hold in the 550 to 900 °C range risks precipitation; agree with the mill first |

Annex A of EN 10088-2 is informative: these temperatures are guidance for fabrication, not acceptance criteria. What the standard requires is the resulting properties: the mechanical values of Table 7 and resistance to intergranular corrosion to EN ISO 3651-2. Any heat-treatment parameters that must be met and recorded should be written into the order.

Two points decide whether a 1.4434 forging passes its corrosion test. First, the solution-annealing temperature must actually clear 1070 °C; because molybdenum exceeds 3 %, EN 10088-2 permits 1020 °C as a lower limit only where the hot-forming temperature never drops below the solution-annealing range. Second, the quench has to be quick enough through the sensitisation window. Heavy sections need water, and the cooling arrangement should be agreed before the part is forged, not after.

Heat-treatment capacity at this plant: solution annealing above 1070 °C is carried out in the three high-temperature car-bottom furnaces, the units rated above 1100 °C, with a working chamber of 3,500 x 1,300 x 1,100 mm. The larger car-bottom and 15 m well furnaces used for carbon and alloy steel do not reach the solution-annealing range for this grade. For a 1.4434 part larger than that chamber, ask us to confirm the heat-treatment route at enquiry stage. On this grade that is the binding constraint, not press capacity.

Forging itself is straightforward within the temperature window, but the band is narrower than for carbon steel. Below about 850 °C the grade work-hardens quickly and the press loads climb; above 1150 °C there is a risk of hot shortness. The nitrogen content reduces delta ferrite, which helps hot ductility compared with nitrogen-free 317L.

## 6. Equivalents and near grades

The closest US equivalent to 1.4434 is 317LN (UNS S31753). The two overlap but are not identical, because S31753 requires 18 to 20 % Cr and 11 to 15 % Ni against 16.5 to 19.5 % Cr and 10.5 to 14.0 % Ni for 1.4434. Where a specification calls for one and the mill offers the other, the difference is real and should be resolved on the order rather than assumed away. A cast can be made to satisfy both, since the ranges overlap, but only if it is aimed there deliberately.

Specified ranges, % by mass:

| Grade | EN name | C max | Cr | Ni | Mo | N | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.4434 | X2CrNiMoN18-12-4 | 0.030 | 16.5 to 19.5 | 10.5 to 14.0 | 3.0 to 4.0 | 0.10 to 0.20 | About 317LN |
| 1.4404 | X2CrNiMo17-12-2 | 0.030 | 16.5 to 18.5 | 10.0 to 13.0 | 2.00 to 2.50 | 0.11 max | 316L. The grade 1.4434 replaces when Mo is not enough |
| 1.4429 | X2CrNiMoN17-13-3 | 0.030 | 16.5 to 18.5 | 11.0 to 14.0 | 2.50 to 3.00 | 0.12 to 0.22 | 316LN. One step below on molybdenum |
| 1.4438 | X2CrNiMo18-15-4 | 0.030 | 17.5 to 19.5 | 13.0 to 16.0 | 3.0 to 4.0 | 0.11 max | 317L. Same Mo, no nitrogen, higher Ni, lower proof strength |
| 1.4439 | X2CrNiMoN17-13-5 | 0.030 | 16.5 to 18.5 | 12.5 to 14.5 | 4.0 to 5.0 | 0.12 to 0.22 | 317LMN / S31726. The next step up in chloride resistance |
| 1.4547 | X1CrNiMoCuN20-18-7 | 0.020 | 19.5 to 20.5 | 17.5 to 18.5 | 6.0 to 7.0 | 0.18 to 0.25 | 254 SMO. Super-austenitic, where 1.4434 is not enough |

Composition ranges from EN 10088-2:2014 Table 1 and EN 10088-3:2005 Table 4. Cross-references are for guidance; they are not statements of interchangeability, and the governing specification is whichever one your order names.

Other designations: EN number 1.4434, EN name X2CrNiMoN18-12-4, US AISI 317LN / UNS S31753 (closest match). Related grades forged at this works include 1.4438 / X2CrNiMo18-15-4, 317LMN, UNS S31725, 1.4432, AISI 316LN, 1.4547 / 254 SMO, 904L, AL-6XN and SAF 2205.

## 7. What Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal supplies in 1.4434

Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. forges 1.4434 into seamless rolled rings up to 6,000 mm outside diameter and single pieces up to 30 tonnes, melting the steel on site by the electric arc furnace, ladle furnace and vacuum oxygen decarburisation route.

The VOD unit is the reason this grade suits the plant: vacuum oxygen decarburisation is how you get carbon below 0.030 % while holding nitrogen inside a 0.10 to 0.20 % window. A forge that buys billet inherits whatever chemistry arrived; here the aim analysis is set at the furnace and the certificate traces the part back to its melt number. Where extra cleanliness is specified, the protective-atmosphere electroslag route is available for nitrogen-alloyed grades.

### Product forms

- Seamless rolled rings and contoured rolled rings, rolled on radial-axial mills to 6,000 mm OD
- Forged rings: upset and punched, for sections outside the ring-mill envelope, from 50 mm OD
- Forged flanges: weld neck, blind, slip-on, socket weld, lap joint, orifice and long weld neck to ASME B16.5 and B16.47
- Tube sheets, discs and covers, supplied proof-machined for volumetric inspection
- Forged shafts, spindles and rolls
- Forged round, square and flat bars and blocks
- Valve and wellhead parts: bodies, bonnets, stems, seat rings
- Hollow forged cylinders, sleeves and bushings, bored from solid

### Working envelope

| Item | Limit | Set by |
|---|---|---|
| Seamless rolled ring OD | up to 6,000 mm | 6 m radial-axial ring mill |
| Minimum ring size | from 50 mm OD | Upset-and-punch route below ring-mill range |
| Single-piece weight | up to 30,000 kg | 60 t maximum heat size; 6,300 t press |
| Discs, tube sheets, blocks | up to 5,000 mm dia. machined | 5,000 mm vertical turning lathe |
| Shaft turned length | up to 14,000 mm | C61160 horizontal lathe |
| Bored cylinders | up to 1,600 x 10,000 mm | CNC deep-hole drilling machine |
| Solution-annealed envelope | 3,500 x 1,300 x 1,100 mm | High-temperature car-bottom furnaces; confirm for larger parts |
| Minimum order | 10 kg, no minimum piece count | Weight-based, so one-offs are quotable |
| Normal lead time | 20 to 60 days | Standard stainless grades sit at the lower end |

### Testing and certification

Testing runs in the plant's own laboratory. For 1.4434 the normal release package is melt analysis by optical emission spectrometry to ASTM E415, tensile testing to ASTM A370 or ISO 6892, Charpy V-notch impact where required, ultrasonic examination, dimensional inspection and positive material identification before shipment.

EN 10228-3 covers ferritic and martensitic forgings; the correct part for an austenitic grade such as 1.4434 is EN 10228-4, ultrasonic testing of austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel forgings. For flat product, EN 10307 applies from 6 mm thickness. ASTM A388 is also commonly specified. Coarse, acoustically noisy austenitic structures attenuate and scatter the beam, so agree the acceptance class, probe frequency and surface condition at enquiry, not after the part is machined.

- Corrosion testing: intergranular corrosion to EN ISO 3651-2, ASTM A262 or ASTM G28, and pitting resistance to ASTM G48, placed with an accredited third-party laboratory and reported alongside the mill certificate
- Certification: EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificate as standard; EN 10204 3.2 witnessed by BV, DNV, LR, SGS, TUV or your own inspector on request
- Classification society approvals held by the works: CCS, BV, DNV, LR and NK
- Delivery condition: as-forged with allowance, proof-machined for ultrasonic testing, or finish-machined to drawing

## 8. Applications

1.4434 is specified where 316L has proved marginal on chloride pitting or on strength, and where a 6 % molybdenum super-austenitic would be over-specified.

- Flue-gas desulphurisation: absorber towers, stack liners, spray headers and the associated flanges and rings, where chlorides concentrate in scrubber liquor
- Chemical and petrochemical plant: phosphoric and sulphuric acid service, mixed acid baths, crystalliser equipment, columns and preheaters
- Pulp and paper: digesters, liquor tanks, bleach plant hardware
- Heat exchangers and pressure vessels: tube sheets, covers, shell flanges and nozzle forgings, often with EN 10028-7 as the governing flat-product standard
- Marine and chemical tankers: cargo-handling components, supported by the works' CCS, BV, DNV, LR and NK approvals
- Valves and pumps: bodies, bonnets, stems and seat rings for corrosive duty where the nitrogen-raised proof strength allows thinner sections
- Pollution control and desalination: pump and valve parts, seawater-cooled circuits

## 9. Welding and machining

1.4434 welds without post-weld heat treatment in most sections because carbon is held below 0.030 %, and it machines like other nitrogen-alloyed austenitics: slower speeds, heavier feeds, rigid set-ups and sharp tooling.

On welding, match or over-alloy the filler: a 317L-type consumable, or a nickel-base filler such as Alloy 625 where the weld metal must match the parent's pitting resistance. Keep heat input moderate and interpass temperature low. Nitrogen loss across the arc slightly reduces weld-metal pitting resistance, which is why over-alloying is the usual choice. Remove all heat tint and scale afterwards: the passive film only reforms properly on a metallically clean surface, and annealing colours are a common cause of premature pitting in service.

On machining, the grade work-hardens rapidly. Expect cutting speeds well below those for 316L, positive rake geometry, generous coolant and no dwelling in the cut. An interrupted pass glazes the surface and the next pass runs in hardened material. Nitrogen raises the flow stress relative to nitrogen-free 317L, so power and rigidity matter more than feed rate. This is worth flagging at quotation because it drives the machining allowance and the cost of finish-machined parts.

## 10. Frequently asked questions

**What is 1.4434 stainless steel?**
1.4434 is the EN steel number for X2CrNiMoN18-12-4, a low-carbon, nitrogen-alloyed austenitic stainless steel containing 16.5 to 19.5 % chromium, 10.5 to 14.0 % nickel, 3.0 to 4.0 % molybdenum and 0.10 to 0.20 % nitrogen, with carbon held to 0.030 % maximum. The raised molybdenum and the nitrogen addition give it better chloride pitting resistance and higher proof strength than 316L, and it is used in flue-gas desulphurisation, acid plant, pulp and paper, and seawater-cooled heat exchangers.

**What is the US equivalent of 1.4434?**
The closest US grade is AISI 317LN, UNS S31753. The two overlap but are not identical: S31753 requires 18 to 20 % chromium and 11 to 15 % nickel, whereas 1.4434 permits 16.5 to 19.5 % chromium and 10.5 to 14.0 % nickel. A single cast can be aimed to satisfy both, but that has to be specified on the order rather than assumed. 1.4438 (X2CrNiMo18-15-4) corresponds to 317L without the nitrogen, and 1.4439 (X2CrNiMoN17-13-5) to 317LMN / UNS S31726.

**What is the correct solution annealing temperature for 1.4434?**
1070 to 1150 °C, followed by cooling in water or air fast enough to avoid sensitisation, per EN 10088-2:2014 Annex A, Table A.1. Because molybdenum exceeds 3 %, a 1020 °C lower limit is permitted only where the hot-forming temperature never falls below the solution-annealing range. Hot forming is carried out between 1150 °C and 850 °C with air cooling.

**What is the PREN of 1.4434?**
Using PREN = Cr + 3.3 Mo + 16 N, 1.4434 returns 28.0 at its specified minimum chemistry, about 32 at mid-range, and 35.9 at its specified maximum. For comparison, 316L sits near 26 at mid-range and 317L near 31. Because the specified range is wide, a part intended for marginal chloride service should be ordered with an aim chemistry, for example Mo at least 3.5 % and N at least 0.15 %, rather than on the grade designation alone.

**Is 1.4434 covered by EN 10088-3 for bars and forging stock?**
No. EN 10088-3 lists 1.4434 only in its wire tables; the grade is not in the composition or mechanical property tables for bars, rods, sections and semi-finished products. Forgings in this chemistry are therefore ordered as the EN 10088-2 composition with mechanical properties agreed at enquiry, or against a nominated equivalent specification such as UNS S31753. The acceptance values that apply should be stated on the enquiry so they can be written into the order and onto the EN 10204 certificate.

**Which ultrasonic testing standard applies to 1.4434 forgings?**
EN 10228-4, ultrasonic testing of austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel forgings. EN 10228-3 is for ferritic and martensitic forgings and is not the right part for this grade. For flat product of 6 mm and above, EN 10307 applies, and ASTM A388 is often specified as an alternative. Because austenitic structures scatter and attenuate the beam, the acceptance class, probe frequency and surface finish should be agreed before the part is forged.

**What sizes of 1.4434 forging can Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal produce?**
Seamless rolled rings up to 6,000 mm outside diameter on the 6 m radial-axial mill, rings from 50 mm OD by the upset-and-punch route, single pieces up to 30 tonnes on 6,300 t, 4,000 t and 2,000 t presses, discs and tube sheets machined to 5,000 mm diameter, and bored cylinders to 1,600 mm diameter by 10,000 mm. The practical limit on this grade is usually solution annealing rather than forging: parts larger than the 3,500 by 1,300 by 1,100 mm high-temperature furnace chamber need the heat-treatment route confirmed at enquiry.

**What is the minimum order and lead time for 1.4434?**
Minimum order is 10 kg with no minimum piece count, so a single part is quotable. Normal lead time is 20 to 60 days from order confirmation; a standard stainless grade such as 1.4434 sits at the lower end of that range because it does not need a remelting step. Third-party witnessed inspection to EN 10204 3.2 and corrosion testing placed with an outside laboratory both need scheduling, so flag them at enquiry stage.

**Does Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal melt its own 1.4434?**
Yes. The works runs a 25 t electric arc furnace with 25 t and 50 t ladle furnaces and 30 t and 60 t vacuum oxygen decarburisation units, which is the route used for 1.4434. VOD is how carbon is held below 0.030 % while nitrogen is kept inside the 0.10 to 0.20 % window. Maximum heat size is 60 tonnes. Because melting, forging, heat treatment, machining and testing are all on one site, traceability runs from the melt number to the shipped part instead of stopping at a purchased billet certificate.

**Can you supply 1.4434 to a customer-specified aim chemistry?**
Yes. The plant forges to customer chemistry, so an aim analysis tighter than the EN range, whether a minimum molybdenum or nitrogen level, a maximum carbon below 0.030 %, or a target PREN, can be written into the order and verified on the melt certificate. Send the specification with the enquiry to sales@steelforgepieces.com.

## 11. Sources

1. EN 10088-2:2014, Stainless steels, Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for sheet/plate and strip of corrosion resisting steels for general purposes. Table 1 (composition), Table 5 (product analysis tolerances), Table 7 (room-temperature properties), Table 12 (elevated-temperature proof strength), Annex A Table A.1 (hot forming and solution annealing).
2. EN 10088-1:2014, Stainless steels, Part 1: List of stainless steels. Steel number, PREN formula and physical property values.
3. EN 10088-3:2005, Stainless steels, Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for semi-finished products, bars, rods, wire, sections and bright products. Tables 18 and 19 (wire); confirms 1.4434 is not listed for bars or semi-finished products.
4. EN 10028-7, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes, Part 7: Stainless steels. Proof and tensile strength at temperature.
5. EN 10228-4, Non-destructive testing of steel forgings, Part 4: Ultrasonic testing of austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel forgings; EN 10307 for flat products from 6 mm; ASTM A388 as an alternative practice.
6. EN ISO 3651-2, intergranular corrosion test; EN 10204:2004, types of inspection document.

Data on this page is offered for guidance. The governing document for any order is the specification named on that order.

## Request a quotation

Send a drawing or a written specification and a price normally follows within two working days. Include: material grade or specification, dimensions or a drawing, quantity, delivery condition, heat treatment and testing requirements, certification required and destination port.

- Telephone / WhatsApp / WeChat: +86 189 2135 9659
- Email: sales@steelforgepieces.com
- Works: No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China
- Business hours: Monday to Saturday, 08:00 to 17:30 (UTC+8)