# 2.4610 / Alloy C-4 / UNS N06455 Forgings

**Canonical page:** https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Nickel-Alloy/2.4610.html
**Manufacturer:** Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., Open-Die Forging Factory
**Address:** No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China
**Phone:** +86 189 2135 9659 | **Email:** sales@steelforgepieces.com
**Last reviewed:** 2026-08-08

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Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an independent open-die forging factory in Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China. We produce 2.4610 / UNS N06455 / NiMo16Cr16Ti, the generic low-carbon nickel-molybdenum-chromium chemistry sold under the Hastelloy C-4 trademark, as forged rings, seamless rolled rings, flanges, shafts, discs, tube sheets, sleeves, bushings, nozzles and bars. All 2.4610 forgings are supplied solution annealed at 1066 °C with rapid water quench, ultrasonically tested to ASTM A388 or EN 10228-3, and certified to EN 10204 3.1, or 3.2 with third-party witness on request. Our envelope in this grade is rolled rings to 2,000 mm OD, discs to Ø 1,500 mm, shafts to 6,000 mm and single-piece weights to 5,000 kg.

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## 1. What is 2.4610?

2.4610 is the EN / DIN material number for NiMo16Cr16Ti, a low-carbon austenitic nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy also designated UNS N06455 and known commercially as Alloy C-4. It contains roughly 65 % nickel, 14.0-18.0 % chromium and 14.0-17.0 % molybdenum, with carbon held to 0.015 % max, silicon to 0.08 % max and titanium to 0.70 % max as a carbide stabiliser. It contains no tungsten.

The defining property is thermal stability. Because carbon, silicon and iron are held very low, titanium ties up residual carbon, and tungsten is absent, the alloy resists precipitation of chromium carbides and mu phase across the whole 650-1040 °C (1200-1900 °F) band. A welded, stress-relieved or thermally cycled 2.4610 forging does not sensitise, so no post-weld solution anneal is required for most services.

2.4610 is solid-solution strengthened and **not age hardenable**. It is supplied in one condition only: solution annealed and rapidly quenched. Further hardening is possible only by cold work. Any ageing or precipitation-hardening cycle applied to this grade is a specification error; it will not raise strength usefully and it will degrade corrosion resistance.

Nickel content near 65 % makes it practically immune to chloride stress corrosion cracking. The pitting resistance equivalent number (Cr + 3.3 × Mo) is about 67, roughly two and a half times that of 316L.

## 2. Equivalent designations

| System | Designation | Note |
|---|---|---|
| EN / DIN material number | 2.4610 | Also written W.-Nr. 2.4610 |
| EN chemical designation | NiMo16Cr16Ti | Written NiMo16Cr17Ti in some older catalogues |
| USA, UNS | N06455 | Unified Numbering System. The safest generic designation for a purchase order |
| USA, common name | Alloy C-4 | Generic industry name, not a trademark |
| Haynes International | Hastelloy C-4 | Registered trademark of Haynes International, Inc. |
| VDM Metals | Nicrofer 6616 hMo | Registered trademark of VDM Metals GmbH |
| voestalpine BÖHLER | BÖHLER L004 | Trademark of voestalpine BÖHLER Edelstahl |
| Matching weld filler | ERNiCrMo-7 | AWS A5.14; W.-Nr. 2.4611 / 2.4612 |

Product-form standards:

| Product form | ASTM / ASME | DIN / EN | SAE AMS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rod and bar | ASTM B574 / ASME SB-574 | DIN 17752 | AMS 5772 |
| Forgings | ASTM B564 / ASME SB-564 | DIN 17744 (chemistry) | n/a |
| Plate, sheet, strip | ASTM B575 / ASME SB-575 | DIN 17750 / 17751 | AMS 5608 |
| Seamless pipe and tube | ASTM B622 / ASME SB-622 | DIN 17751 | n/a |
| Welded pipe and tube | ASTM B619 / B626 | n/a | n/a |
| Fittings | ASTM B366 | n/a | n/a |
| Wire | n/a | DIN 17753 | AMS 5801 |
| Pressure equipment (EU) | n/a | VdTÜV Werkstoffblatt 424 | n/a |
| Sour service | NACE MR0103 / ISO 17945 | n/a | NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 |
| Inspection document | n/a | EN 10204 3.1 and 3.2 | n/a |

## 3. Chemical composition (DIN 17744, wt %)

| Element | Min | Max | Metallurgical role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nickel (Ni) | balance | balance | Base; approximately 65 %. Source of chloride SCC immunity |
| Chromium (Cr) | 14.0 | 18.0 | Passivation; oxidising resistance |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 14.0 | 17.0 | Reducing-acid, pitting and crevice resistance |
| Iron (Fe) | n/a | 3.0 | Held low to suppress precipitation and improve thermal stability |
| Cobalt (Co) | n/a | 2.0 | Residual; restricted for nuclear service (Co-60 activation) |
| Manganese (Mn) | n/a | 1.00 | Deoxidiser and sulphur getter |
| Titanium (Ti) | n/a | 0.70 | Stabiliser. Ties up carbon as TiC, preventing chromium-carbide sensitisation |
| Copper (Cu) | n/a | 0.50 | Residual |
| Phosphorus (P) | n/a | 0.025 | Impurity; segregates to grain boundaries |
| Carbon (C) | n/a | 0.015 | The single most important lever on intergranular corrosion resistance |
| Sulphur (S) | n/a | 0.015 | Impurity; degrades hot workability |
| Silicon (Si) | n/a | 0.08 | Held very low to suppress mu-phase formation at 650-1040 °C |
| Tungsten (W) | not present | not present | Deliberately omitted; its absence gives C-4 its thermal stability advantage over C-276 |

Carbon at 0.015 % max and silicon at 0.08 % max are not incidental limits. They are the design of the alloy. An otherwise-conforming heat with silicon at 0.30 % would still precipitate mu phase and lose the property the grade is bought for.

### DIN 17744 vs ASTM B574 vs VdTÜV 424

The three references in common use are not identical. They set different limits on the elements that control thermal stability.

| Element | DIN 17744 | ASTM B574 | VdTÜV 424 | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon | 0.015 | 0.015 | **0.009** | VdTÜV is about 40 % tighter; best intergranular performance |
| Silicon | 0.08 | 0.08 | **0.050** | Direct control of mu-phase risk |
| Phosphorus | 0.025 | 0.040 | **0.020** | ASTM is the loosest |
| Sulphur | 0.015 | 0.030 | **0.015** | Hot workability and weldability |
| Chromium | 14.0-18.0 | 14.0-18.0 | **14.5-17.5** | Narrower band, more consistent passivation |
| Molybdenum | 14.0-17.0 | 14.0-17.0 | 14.0-17.0 | Identical in all three |

A heat produced to VdTÜV 424 limits automatically satisfies DIN 17744 and ASTM B574. If the equipment is destined for a European pressure-equipment file, or the service involves high-temperature exposure or heavy welding, specify VdTÜV Werkstoffblatt 424 limits. We cross-certify all three on one certificate at no extra cost.

## 4. Mechanical properties (room temperature, solution annealed)

| Property | ASTM B574 min | DIN / VdTÜV min | Typical measured |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tensile strength Rm | 690 MPa (100 ksi) | 700 MPa | approx. 780 MPa |
| 0.2 % proof strength Rp0.2 | 276 MPa (40 ksi) | 305 MPa | approx. 360 MPa |
| Elongation A5 | 40 % | 40 % | approx. 55 % |
| Reduction of area | not mandated | not mandated | approx. 60 % |
| Hardness | n/a | n/a | approx. 85-95 HRB |
| Modulus of elasticity E | n/a | n/a | 211 GPa (30.6 × 10⁶ psi) |
| Impact toughness (Charpy V, RT) | not mandated | not mandated | high; fully ductile, no DBTT |

Minima are what the standards require and what a certificate is judged against. Typical values are for machining-load and handling estimates only. For pressure-equipment design, allowable stresses must be taken from ASME BPVC Section II Part D or the applicable European harmonised route, not from a supplier datasheet.

2.4610 retains useful strength and full ductility well above the range where austenitic stainless steels begin to creep. Unlike C-276 and Alloy 625, it does not embrittle after long exposure in the 650-1040 °C band.

## 5. Physical properties

| Property | Value | Imperial | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | 8.6 g/cm³ | 0.311 lb/in³ | Used for all forging-weight calculation |
| Melting range | 1335-1400 °C | 2435-2550 °F | Solidus / liquidus |
| Modulus of elasticity | 211 GPa | 30.6 × 10⁶ psi | In tension, 20 °C |
| Specific heat capacity | 408 J/kg·K | 0.097 Btu/lb·°F | 20 °C |
| Thermal conductivity | 10.1 W/m·K | 5.8 Btu/hr·ft·°F | 20 °C; low, as with all Ni-Mo-Cr alloys |
| Electrical resistivity | 1.24 µΩ·m | 1.24 Ω·mm²/m | 20 °C |
| Mean thermal expansion 20-538 °C | 13.3 × 10⁻⁶/K | 7.4 × 10⁻⁶/°F | Tube-sheet / shell differential growth |
| Mean thermal expansion 20-649 °C | 13.5 × 10⁻⁶/K | 7.5 × 10⁻⁶/°F | |
| Mean thermal expansion 20-760 °C | 14.4 × 10⁻⁶/K | 8.0 × 10⁻⁶/°F | |
| Magnetic permeability | approx. 1.0 | n/a | Non-magnetic, fully austenitic |
| PREN (Cr + 3.3 × Mo) | approx. 67 | n/a | 316L approx. 25, C-276 approx. 69, C-22 approx. 69 |

Low thermal conductivity has two practical consequences. Heat concentrates at the cutting edge during machining, so coolant and feed discipline matter more than with steel. And heavy sections take longer to reach soak temperature, which is why hold times are set on measured section thickness rather than nominal size.

Because the alloy is non-magnetic, magnetic particle inspection cannot be used. Specify liquid penetrant to ASTM E165 or EN ISO 3452 instead.

## 6. Thermal stability

2.4610 resists precipitation of carbides and mu phase across the entire 650-1040 °C (1200-1900 °F) range. Four chemistry decisions produce this behaviour:

1. **Carbon capped at 0.015 % (0.009 % under VdTÜV 424).** Below the threshold at which chromium carbides can form in quantity at grain boundaries, which is the mechanism behind sensitisation and intergranular attack.
2. **Titanium up to 0.70 % as a stabiliser.** Titanium has a far stronger affinity for carbon than chromium does, so residual carbon is tied up as TiC instead of chromium carbide.
3. **Silicon capped at 0.08 %.** Silicon promotes mu phase, an intermetallic that embrittles grain boundaries and depletes molybdenum from the matrix.
4. **No tungsten.** C-276 carries 3-4.5 % tungsten, which accelerates intermetallic precipitation after high-temperature exposure.

The commercial consequence: no mandatory post-weld solution anneal for most services. That removes a furnace cycle, a distortion risk and a re-inspection from the fabrication route. On a large welded vessel or exchanger that is often the largest single cost difference between C-4 and C-276.

## 7. Corrosion resistance

2.4610 is built for reducing environments, the ones where chromium alone cannot form a stable passive film and molybdenum has to do the work.

| Medium | Rating | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Hydrochloric acid, dilute to mid concentration | Excellent | Coupon test above 10 % and 80 °C |
| Sulphuric acid, all concentrations, moderate temperature | Excellent | Including contaminated and chloride-bearing streams |
| Phosphoric acid, wet-process | Very good | Fluoride content drives the limit |
| Formic and acetic acid | Excellent | Standard material of construction |
| Wet chlorine, hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide | Very good | Core pulp-and-paper bleaching duty |
| Seawater, brine, chlorides | Excellent | Immune to chloride SCC; PREN approx. 67 |
| Caustic soda | Good | Stress relief at 705 °C recommended before caustic service |
| Flue-gas desulphurisation | Excellent | Acid chloride condensate duty; a core application for this grade |
| Sour service (H₂S) | Qualified | Covered by NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 and MR0103 / ISO 17945; confirm hardness and cold-work limits |
| Hot concentrated oxidising acids | Not preferred | Use higher-chromium grades: C-22, Alloy 59 or Alloy 690 |

Published corrosion tables assume clean single-component media. Real streams carry oxidisers, fluorides, abrasives and cycling temperature, any of which can move the limit by tens of degrees. For a duty near a boundary, coupon testing in the actual stream is the only reliable answer.

## 8. Comparison with common alternatives

Each of these alloys is the right answer to a different question. In short: C-4 wins on thermal stability, C-276 on mixed-acid breadth, C-22 and Alloy 59 on oxidising duty, Alloy 625 on strength and cost, 316L on price wherever it survives.

| Property | 2.4610 / C-4 | C-276 | C-22 | Alloy 59 | Alloy 625 | 316L |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UNS | N06455 | N10276 | N06022 | N06059 | N06625 | S31603 |
| W.-Nr. | 2.4610 | 2.4819 | 2.4602 | 2.4605 | 2.4856 | 1.4404 |
| Cr % | 14-18 | 14.5-16.5 | 20-22.5 | 22-24 | 20-23 | 16-18 |
| Mo % | 14-17 | 15-17 | 12.5-14.5 | 15-16.5 | 8-10 | 2-3 |
| W % | none | 3-4.5 | 2.5-3.5 | none | none | none |
| PREN approx. | 67 | 69 | 69 | 76 | 51 | 25 |
| Thermal stability | Best in class | Moderate | Good | Good | Moderate | Sensitises |
| Reducing acids | Excellent | Excellent | Very good | Excellent | Good | Poor |
| Oxidising acids | Moderate | Moderate | Excellent | Excellent | Good | Fair |
| Chloride SCC | Immune | Immune | Immune | Immune | Immune | Susceptible |
| Rm min (MPa) | 690 | 690 | 690 | 690 | 827 | 485 |
| Density (g/cm³) | 8.6 | 8.89 | 8.69 | 8.6 | 8.44 | 8.0 |
| PWHT after welding | Normally none | Often required | Usually none | Usually none | Often required | Usually none |
| Relative alloy cost | approx. 9× | approx. 10× | approx. 10× | approx. 12× | approx. 7× | 1× (baseline) |
| Choose it when | Welded or thermally cycled reducing-acid duty | Broadest mixed-acid coverage | Oxidising plus reducing, upset-tolerant | Most aggressive mixed service | Strength plus moderate corrosion at lower cost | Anywhere it survives |

Relative cost figures are order-of-magnitude alloy-price indices against 316L, indicative only, and move with the LME nickel and ferro-molybdenum markets.

## 9. Forging, heat treatment, welding and machining

**Hot forging** starts at 1177 °C (2150 °F) and must finish above 954 °C (1750 °F). The window is narrow, roughly 220 °C wide, and the alloy is markedly more sensitive to strain and strain rate than austenitic stainless steel. Use moderate reductions with frequent reheating, keep die contact time short, reheat before the surface drops below the finish temperature, and avoid heavy single blows that concentrate strain. Forging below the finish temperature invites cracking. After the last operation the part must be re-solution annealed; hot working alone does not leave the alloy in a condition where corrosion performance is guaranteed.

**Heat treatment**

| Treatment | Temperature | Cooling | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solution anneal (the only treatment this alloy gets) | 1066 °C (1950 °F) | Water quench; rapid air cooling only below approx. 10 mm section | Restores corrosion resistance and full ductility |
| Hold time | approx. 12 min per 25 mm of section, 10 min minimum | n/a | Set on measured section thickness |
| Stress relief before caustic service | approx. 705 °C, 30 min minimum | Air | Reduces residual stress; optional for other duties |
| Ageing / precipitation hardening | **Do not apply** | n/a | Alloy is not age hardenable; ageing degrades corrosion resistance |

**Welding.** GTAW and GMAW with matching ERNiCrMo-7 filler (W.-Nr. 2.4611 / 2.4612, AWS A5.14). Keep heat input low, use stringer beads rather than heavy weave, control interpass temperature, and clean rigorously beforehand. Oil, grease, marking crayon and above all sulphur- and chloride-bearing contamination must be removed with a dedicated stainless brush and solvent wipe. Post-weld heat treatment is not required for most services.

**Machining.** Machine in the solution-annealed condition. The alloy work hardens faster than austenitic stainless steel. Use rigid setups, sharp positive-rake carbide tooling, roughly 15-25 m/min for turning, a generous positive feed, and keep the depth of cut below the previously work-hardened layer. Light finishing passes that skim the hardened skin are how tools get destroyed. Flood coolant throughout. Expect roughly one third of the metal-removal rate you would achieve on 316L.

## 10. Production capability in 2.4610 / UNS N06455

| Parameter | Capability |
|---|---|
| Seamless rolled rings | 200-2,000 mm OD, rectangular or contoured section |
| Forged discs and blanks | to Ø 1,500 mm |
| Forged shafts | to 6,000 mm length; solid, stepped, hollow or trepanned |
| Round bar | 20-400 mm diameter |
| Single-piece weight | to 5,000 kg |
| Typical lead time | 6-10 weeks from order confirmation (10-14 weeks with EN 10204 3.2) |

Equipment: 1 t, 3 t, 5 t and 9 t open-die forging hammers; free-forging hydraulic presses; 3 m and 6 m seamless ring-rolling mills; solution furnaces with charted cycles and adjacent quench tank; optical emission spectrometry, tensile, Charpy, hardness, metallography, ultrasonic and liquid penetrant testing in house.

Process route: raw material (VIM + ESR or ESR remelted billet, heat-number traceable) → incoming chemistry verification → billet cutting and heating → open-die forging or ring rolling within the 1177-954 °C window → solution anneal 1066 °C plus water quench → ultrasonic and penetrant testing → mechanical testing and optional ASTM G28 intergranular test → machining to drawing → dimensional inspection, certification, marking and packing.

Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. employs approximately 460 people, including 9 senior engineers and 32 intermediate engineers, and holds ISO 9001:2015 certification. Customers retain the right to witness any production stage: chemistry analysis, forging, heat-treatment cycles, mechanical testing and final NDE. Witnessing is arranged with our QA team at no charge.

## 11. How to specify a 2.4610 forging

1. **State the generic designation.** Write UNS N06455 / W.-Nr. 2.4610 / NiMo16Cr16Ti. Avoid "Hastelloy C-4" on a purchase order. It is a Haynes International trademark, and a PO naming it can technically only be filled by that company.
2. **Name the product-form standard.** ASTM B574 / ASME SB-574 for rod and bar; ASTM B564 / ASME SB-564 for forgings; DIN 17744 or VdTÜV Werkstoffblatt 424 for European pressure equipment.
3. **Specify the delivery condition.** Solution annealed 1066 °C, rapid water quench. Never specify ageing.
4. **State the mechanical acceptance basis and test direction.** Rm ≥ 690 MPa, Rp0.2 ≥ 276 MPa, A5 ≥ 40 %, longitudinal.
5. **Call up NDE with the acceptance class.** UT to ASTM A388, EN 10228-3 or SEP 1921 with the class stated, plus PT to ASTM E165 or EN ISO 3452 on machined surfaces. Do not call up magnetic particle testing, because the alloy is non-magnetic.
6. **Add corrosion and service requirements** where relevant: ASTM G28 method A intergranular test, NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 compliance, maximum hardness.
7. **State the certificate type.** EN 10204 3.1, or 3.2 with a named third party.

### Drawing callout template

```
MATERIAL      UNS N06455 / W.-Nr. 2.4610 / NiMo16Cr16Ti
STANDARD      ASTM B564 / ASME SB-564 (forgings)
              chemistry per DIN 17744 or VdTUEV Werkstoffblatt 424
CONDITION     Solution annealed 1066 C (1950 F), rapid water quench
              NO ageing or precipitation-hardening treatment
MECHANICAL    Rm >= 690 MPa, Rp0.2 >= 276 MPa, A5 >= 40 % (longitudinal)
NDE VOLUME    UT per ASTM A388 (state class) or EN 10228-3 / SEP 1921
NDE SURFACE   PT per ASTM E165 or EN ISO 3452
              MT not applicable (non-magnetic)
CORROSION     IGC per ASTM G28 method A (state acceptance rate), optional
CERTIFICATION EN 10204 3.1 mill certificate, or 3.2 with third-party witness
MARKING       Heat number, grade, standard, drawing number
              vibro-etch on non-functional surface
SURFACE       State Ra on sealing and bearing surfaces; as-forged elsewhere
```

## 12. Ten ordering mistakes to avoid

1. **Specifying solution treatment plus ageing.** The alloy is not age hardenable. Specify solution anneal at 1066 °C plus water quench, nothing else.
2. **Writing "Hastelloy C-4" on the PO.** A trademark of Haynes International. Independent producers cannot legally supply under that name. Use UNS N06455 / 2.4610 / NiMo16Cr16Ti.
3. **Calling up magnetic particle testing.** The alloy is non-magnetic. Specify liquid penetrant to ASTM E165 or EN ISO 3452.
4. **Assuming DIN, ASTM and VdTÜV limits are identical.** They differ on C, Si, P, S and the Cr band. Name the standard, and specify VdTÜV 424 limits for code or welded high-temperature work.
5. **Calling up UT without an acceptance class.** State ASTM A388 class, or EN 10228-3 quality class, or the SEP 1921 group.
6. **Choosing C-4 for strongly oxidising duty.** C-4's chromium is at the low end of the C family. For hot oxidising or mixed acids use C-22, Alloy 59 or Alloy 690.
7. **Skipping the re-anneal after cold straightening.** Cold work beyond about 7 % outer-fibre strain requires re-solution annealing.
8. **Omitting the test direction.** Longitudinal and transverse properties differ in heavy forged sections. State which applies.
9. **Ordering to net dimensions without machining allowance.** Forged surfaces need stock. State whether the quoted weight is net or rough.
10. **Requesting 3.2 certification late.** Third-party witnessing must be booked before production starts; adding it afterwards means re-testing.

## 13. Applications

- **Chemical processing.** Reactors, autoclaves, heat exchangers, columns and piping components in hydrochloric, sulphuric, phosphoric, formic and acetic acid service.
- **Flue-gas desulphurisation.** Scrubber internals, ducting, quencher and nozzle components exposed to acid chloride condensate.
- **Pulp and paper.** Chlorine dioxide and hypochlorite bleaching systems: digesters, bleach towers, washer components.
- **Pharmaceutical and agrochemical.** Reactors and vessels in acetic and formic acid service where product purity forbids iron pickup.
- **Oil, gas and refining.** Sour-service components qualified to NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 and MR0103 / ISO 17945.
- **Waste incineration and energy.** Components thermally cycled through the 650-1040 °C band where C-276 and Alloy 625 would embrittle.

## 14. Frequently asked questions

**Is 2.4610 the same as Alloy C-4, UNS N06455 and Hastelloy C-4?**
They describe the same chemistry. 2.4610 is the EN / DIN material number, NiMo16Cr16Ti is the EN chemical designation, and UNS N06455 is the American Unified Numbering System designation. Hastelloy C-4 is a registered trademark of Haynes International, Inc.; Nicrofer 6616 hMo of VDM Metals; BÖHLER L004 of voestalpine BÖHLER Edelstahl. Material from an independent producer is correctly described by the generic designations, not by a trademark.

**What is the density of 2.4610?**
8.6 g/cm³, equivalent to 0.311 lb/in³.

**How is 2.4610 heat treated?**
Solution annealed at 1066 °C (1950 °F) and water quenched; rapid air cooling is acceptable only for sections thinner than about 10 mm. Hold time is 10 to 30 minutes depending on thickness. The alloy is not age hardenable and is strengthened only by cold work, so any ageing or precipitation-hardening cycle is incorrect and will degrade corrosion resistance.

**What is the forging temperature range?**
Start at 1177 °C (2150 °F), finish above 954 °C (1750 °F). Re-solution anneal after the last forging operation.

**What is the difference between 2.4610 (C-4) and Hastelloy C-276?**
Both are nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloys, but 2.4610 / C-4 contains no tungsten, has very low iron and silicon, and carries a titanium stabiliser. That chemistry gives it markedly better thermal stability. C-276 has slightly broader coverage in mixed oxidising and reducing acids but is more prone to intermetallic precipitation after high-temperature exposure. Choose C-4 where thermal stability, welded fabrication or elevated-temperature exposure dominates; choose C-276 for oxidising and mixed-acid duty.

**Is 2.4610 resistant to chloride stress corrosion cracking?**
Yes. With approximately 65 % nickel it is practically immune, including in hot chloride solutions where 304 and 316L fail. PREN is about 67.

**Does 2.4610 need post-weld heat treatment?**
For most services no. Its thermal stability means the heat-affected zone does not sensitise. Two exceptions: caustic service, where a stress relief at about 705 °C for at least 30 minutes is recommended, and cold work beyond roughly 7 % outer-fibre strain, which requires a full re-solution anneal.

**Is 2.4610 magnetic?**
No. It is fully austenitic with relative permeability close to 1.0. A magnet test is a quick field screen against martensitic or duplex grades, though not against other austenitic nickel alloys. Magnetic particle inspection cannot be used; specify liquid penetrant instead.

**Which standards apply to 2.4610 forgings?**
Rod and bar: ASTM B574 / ASME SB-574. Forgings: ASTM B564 / ASME SB-564. Plate, sheet and strip: ASTM B575 / ASME SB-575. Pipe and tube: ASTM B622, B619, B626. Fittings: ASTM B366. European coverage is DIN 17744 for chemistry, DIN 17752 for rod and bar, DIN 17751 for plate, and VdTÜV Werkstoffblatt 424 for pressure equipment. Sour service: NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 and MR0103 / ISO 17945.

**What is the maximum forging size available?**
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. produces seamless rolled rings to 2,000 mm outside diameter, forged discs to Ø 1,500 mm, forged shafts to 6,000 mm length and bar from 20 to 400 mm diameter, with single-piece weights to 5,000 kg. Larger assemblies can be supplied as sectioned or welded fabrications.

**What is the lead time?**
Typically 6 to 10 weeks from order confirmation. Orders requiring EN 10204 3.2 third-party witnessed certification, ASTM G28 testing or NACE compliance documentation add roughly two to four weeks.

**How do you machine 2.4610?**
In the solution-annealed condition, with rigid setups, sharp positive-rake carbide tooling, roughly 15 to 25 m/min for turning, generous positive feed, and a depth of cut below the work-hardened layer. Flood coolant. Expect about one third of the metal-removal rate of 316L.

## 15. Standards referenced

DIN 17744 (nickel wrought alloys with molybdenum and chromium, chemical composition); DIN 17750 / 17751 / 17752 / 17753 (plate and sheet, plate, rod and bar, wire); VdTÜV Werkstoffblatt 424; ASTM B574 / ASME SB-574; ASTM B564 / ASME SB-564; ASTM B575 / ASME SB-575; ASTM B622 / B619 / B626 / B366; SAE AMS 5772 / 5608 / 5801; ASTM G28 method A; ASTM A388; EN 10228-3; SEP 1921; ASTM E165 / EN ISO 3452; EN 10204:2004; NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156-3; NACE MR0103 / ISO 17945; AWS A5.14 / SFA-5.14 (ERNiCrMo-7); ASME BPVC Section II Parts B and D. Manufacturer literature consulted: Haynes International HASTELLOY C-4, VDM Metals data sheet No. 4124, voestalpine BÖHLER L004.

Standards cited are the revisions known at the time of the last page review. For procurement, always reference the current edition.

## 16. Trademark notice

Hastelloy is a registered trademark of Haynes International, Inc. Nicrofer is a registered trademark of VDM Metals GmbH. BÖHLER is a trademark of voestalpine BÖHLER Edelstahl GmbH & Co KG. Inconel, Incoloy, Monel and Nimonic are registered trademarks of Special Metals Corporation. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is not affiliated with, sponsored by, or endorsed by any of these companies. Material we produce is correctly described as UNS N06455 / W.-Nr. 2.4610 / NiMo16Cr16Ti, the same generic chemistry, manufactured independently.

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## Request a quotation

Send the drawing, the dimensions, or just the service conditions.

**Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.** | Open-Die Forging Factory
No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China
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