# 2.4360 Forgings: NiCu30Fe / UNS N04400 / Alloy 400 Seamless rolled rings, tube sheets, flanges, valve bodies, pump shafts and bar in nickel-copper alloy 400, forged to ASTM B564 and DIN 17743. | | | |---|---| | **Europe** | W.-Nr. 2.4360 · NiCu30Fe · DIN 17743 · VdTÜV 263 | | **USA** | UNS N04400 · ASTM B564 / B164 · ASME SB-564 | | **UK / France / ISO** | BS NA13 · AFNOR NU-30 · ISO NiCu30 | | **Trademark** | Monel® 400, Special Metals Corporation. We do not sell under this brand | Published 18 June 2022. Last updated 8 August 2026. Technically reviewed by the Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. Metallurgical Engineering Team. Data sourced from ASTM, DIN/EN, VdTÜV and ASM references listed under [Technical references](#technical-references). Canonical HTML version: --- ## 2.4360 at a glance **2.4360 is the European Werkstoff number for NiCu30Fe, a single-phase nickel-copper alloy containing a minimum of 63 % nickel and 28–34 % copper.** It is identical in chemistry to UNS N04400 and is widely known by the Special Metals trademark Monel® 400. The alloy is *not* precipitation hardenable: it is strengthened only by cold work, and it is supplied in the annealed or stress-relieved condition. The alloy resists **hydrofluoric acid at all concentrations up to the boiling point** better than any other commercial engineering alloy. It also performs well in flowing seawater and is immune to chloride stress-corrosion cracking. **Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.**, an open-die forging factory in Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China, forges 2.4360 into seamless rolled rings up to 3,000 mm outside diameter, tube sheets and discs to 2,000 mm, shafts to 6,000 mm long and single pieces to 6,000 kg, certified to EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2. | Property | Value | |---|---| | Alloy type | Solid-solution Ni-Cu, single phase | | Nickel / copper | ≥ 63 % Ni · 28.0–34.0 % Cu | | Tensile strength, annealed | ≥ 480 MPa (70 ksi) | | Yield strength 0.2 %, annealed | ≥ 170 MPa (25 ksi) | | Elongation, annealed | ≥ 35 % | | Density | 8.80 g/cm³ (0.318 lb/in³) | | Melting range | 1,300–1,350 °C | | Pressure-code temperature range | −10 to 425 °C (VdTÜV 263) | | Age hardenable | No, cold work only | | Forging specification | ASTM B564 / ASME SB-564 | | Certification | EN 10204 3.1 standard, 3.2 on request | | Typical lead time | 6–10 weeks ex-works | **Trademark notice.** Monel® and Nickelvac® are registered trademarks of Special Metals Corporation; Nicorros® is a registered trademark of VDM Metals. Material produced and sold by those companies under those brand names is theirs. Material produced by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is correctly described as W.-Nr. 2.4360 / NiCu30Fe / UNS N04400 / alloy 400: the same generic chemistry, manufactured independently. We are not affiliated with, sponsored by, or endorsed by any trademark holder named on this page. Inconel®, Incoloy® and Hastelloy® referenced in comparison tables are registered trademarks of Special Metals Corporation and Haynes International Inc. respectively. --- ## What is 2.4360 (NiCu30Fe / UNS N04400)? **2.4360 is a nickel-copper alloy containing a minimum of 63 % nickel and 28–34 % copper, with 1.0–2.5 % iron and up to 2 % manganese.** Nickel and copper are mutually soluble in all proportions, so the alloy forms a single-phase solid solution with no second phase to precipitate, dissolve or embrittle. Several of its working properties follow from that. It cannot be age hardened. It has no ductile-to-brittle transition. It stays tough from cryogenic temperatures up to about 480 °C, and it welds without difficulty. Introduced in 1905, it was the first commercially important corrosion-resistant nickel alloy, and its main duty is still hydrofluoric acid service. No other commercial engineering alloy resists HF as well across the full concentration range up to the boiling point, which is why HF alkylation units in refineries are built from it. Its second major duty is flowing seawater and brackish water. The alloy contains no chromium and forms no passive film for chlorides to break down, so it is effectively immune to chloride stress-corrosion cracking, the failure mode that limits austenitic stainless steels. In the forge shop it behaves differently from steel in four ways. Its hot-working window is narrower than carbon or stainless steel. It work-hardens quickly during machining. It must never be heated in a sulphur-bearing atmosphere. And its Curie temperature is close enough to room temperature that magnetic particle inspection cannot be relied on. Each is covered below. - **Strength mechanism.** Solid solution only. No precipitation hardening is possible. Strength above the annealed minimum comes from cold work or from a controlled hot-finished, stress-relieved condition. - **Main duty.** Hydrofluoric acid at all concentrations to boiling; flowing seawater; hydrochloric and sulphuric acid under reducing (non-aerated) conditions; alkalis and neutral salts. - **Limits.** Not for oxidising media: nitric acid, ferric/cupric chloride, wet chlorine, aerated ammonia. Not above ~315 °C in sulphur-bearing atmospheres. Not in stagnant seawater. --- ## What are the equivalents of 2.4360? (N04400, NiCu30Fe, NA13, NU-30) Engineers meet this alloy under at least eight names depending on which body wrote the specification. Every designation below refers to the same chemistry, and Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. accepts purchase orders written against any of them, supplying 2.4360 / UNS N04400 forgings certified to the equivalent standards on a single material test certificate. ### Table 1. 2.4360 / UNS N04400 equivalent designations | Body / region | Designation | Notes | |---|---|---| | EU · Werkstoff number | **2.4360** | The primary European material number for wrought Ni-Cu alloy 400 | | EU · Werkstoff (variant) | 2.4361 | Applied to alloy 400 in certain European product standards and delivery conditions; chemistry effectively identical | | EU · chemical symbol | **NiCu30Fe** | EN chemical designation used on drawings and certificates | | USA · UNS | **N04400** | Unified Numbering System. The safest generic designation for a purchase order | | USA · ASTM (forgings) | **ASTM B564** | Nickel-alloy forgings. The controlling spec for forged rings, flanges and shafts | | USA · ASTM (rod & bar) | ASTM B164 | Nickel-copper alloy rod, bar and wire | | USA · ASTM (plate/sheet) | ASTM B127 | Nickel-copper alloy plate, sheet and strip | | USA · ASTM (seamless pipe) | ASTM B165 | Seamless pipe and tube | | USA · ASTM (fittings) | ASTM B366 | Factory-made wrought fittings | | USA · ASME BPVC | SB-564 / SB-164 / SB-127 | Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code equivalents of the ASTM specs | | USA · military | QQ-N-281 | Legacy US federal specification for Ni-Cu bar, rod, plate and sheet | | EU · DIN | **DIN 17743** | Chemical composition of wrought nickel-copper alloys, with product forms in the DIN 17750–17754 series | | EU · pressure equipment | VdTÜV 263 | German material sheet approving alloy 400 for pressure vessels from −10 °C to 425 °C | | UK · BS | NA13 | BS 3072–3076 series | | France · AFNOR | NU-30 | Also written NU30 | | ISO | NiCu30 | ISO alloy designation | | Trade names | Monel® 400 · Nickelvac® 400 · Nicorros® | Registered trademarks of their respective owners. We supply the generic equivalents above | --- ## What is the chemical composition of 2.4360? **The DIN 17743 limits for NiCu30Fe (2.4360) and the ASTM B564 limits for UNS N04400 are not identical.** Many datasheets present one set of numbers and treat the two as interchangeable. The difference that matters is carbon: DIN caps it at 0.15 %, ASTM at 0.30 %. Sulphur and iron also differ. A heat melted to the tighter DIN limits automatically satisfies the ASTM specification. Our standard practice is therefore to procure raw material to the stricter of the two and issue a certificate naming both. ### Table 2. 2.4360 chemical composition, ASTM vs DIN limits (wt %) | Element | ASTM B564 / B164 (UNS N04400) | DIN 17743 NiCu30Fe (2.4360) | Role in the alloy | |---|---|---|---| | Nickel (Ni + Co) | ≥ 63.0 | ≥ 63.0 | Matrix. Provides alkali, HF and reducing-acid resistance and toughness at all temperatures | | Copper (Cu) | 28.0–34.0 | 28.0–34.0 | Improves resistance to reducing acids and to flowing seawater; lowers cost versus pure nickel | | Iron (Fe) | ≤ 2.5 | 1.0–2.5 | Residual from melting; DIN sets a minimum, ASTM does not | | Manganese (Mn) | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 2.0 | Deoxidiser; combines with residual sulphur to reduce hot-shortness | | Carbon (C) | ≤ 0.30 | **≤ 0.15** | The key difference. Lower carbon improves weldability and reduces carbide stringers in heavy sections | | Silicon (Si) | ≤ 0.50 | ≤ 0.50 | Deoxidiser | | Sulphur (S) | ≤ 0.024 | **≤ 0.020** | Impurity. Must be kept low, because nickel sulphide films cause hot-shortness during forging | | Titanium (Ti) | not specified | ≤ 0.30 | Residual; capped by DIN | | Aluminium (Al) | not specified | ≤ 0.50 | Residual; capped by DIN | Chromium, molybdenum, niobium and vanadium are **not** constituents of 2.4360. Datasheets that show Cr and Mo columns for this grade have copied a template from a Hastelloy or Inconel page. **Recommended purchase order wording.** Specify `UNS N04400 / W.-Nr. 2.4360, carbon ≤ 0.15 %` on the purchase order. One line makes the heat acceptable under ASTM B564, DIN 17743 and VdTÜV 263 together, and it costs nothing extra, because that is normal melting practice for forging stock. --- ## What are the mechanical properties of 2.4360 forgings? **In the annealed condition ASTM B564 requires a minimum tensile strength of 480 MPa (70 ksi), a minimum 0.2 % offset yield strength of 170 MPa (25 ksi) and minimum elongation of 35 %.** Because 2.4360 cannot be age hardened, the delivery condition is the only lever available to the buyer: annealed material is soft and maximally ductile, hot-finished and stress-relieved material is meaningfully stronger, and cold-drawn bar is stronger again at the cost of ductility and residual stress. ### Table 3. 2.4360 / UNS N04400 mechanical properties by delivery condition | Condition | Tensile strength | Yield 0.2 % | Elongation | Hardness | Typical use | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | Annealed (ASTM B564 minimum) | ≥ 480 MPa (70 ksi) | ≥ 170 MPa (25 ksi) | ≥ 35 % | 110–150 HB | Pressure parts, tube sheets, parts for severe forming or welding | | Hot-finished / as-forged, stress-relieved (*typical*) | 515–620 MPa | 205–380 MPa | 30–45 % | 140–190 HB | General forged rings, flanges, valve bodies, shafts | | Cold-drawn, stress-relieved bar (*typical*) | 620–760 MPa | 380–620 MPa | 15–30 % | 180–240 HB | Small shafts, stems, fasteners where strength matters more than ductility | Values marked *typical* are representative published ranges for wrought alloy 400, not specification minima. Only the annealed row is a guaranteed specification requirement. Section size affects achievable properties in heavy forgings, so confirm the required values on the enquiry and they can be guaranteed on the certificate. **Low temperature.** Because the structure is face-centred cubic and single phase, 2.4360 keeps its impact toughness continuously down to cryogenic temperatures. There is no transition temperature to design around, so the alloy is used for liquefied-gas and cold seawater service. **Elevated temperature.** Useful mechanical properties are retained to about 480 °C. Above roughly 540 °C strength drops quickly. Above about 425 °C, creep rather than tensile strength governs design. That is also where VdTÜV 263 sets the pressure-code ceiling. --- ## What are the physical properties of 2.4360? (density, magnetism, thermal) ### Table 4. 2.4360 / UNS N04400 physical properties, annealed, room temperature unless stated | Property | Value | Unit | Note | |---|---|---|---| | Density | 8.80 (0.318) | g/cm³ (lb/in³) | Use this figure for forging weight and machining-stock calculations | | Melting range | 1,300–1,350 | °C | Solidus to liquidus | | Modulus of elasticity | 179 (26 × 10⁶) | GPa (psi) | Tension, 20 °C | | Shear modulus | 66 | GPa | 20 °C | | Poisson's ratio | 0.32 | n/a | 20 °C | | Coefficient of thermal expansion | 13.9 | ×10⁻⁶ / °C | Mean, 20–100 °C | | Thermal conductivity | 21.8 | W/m·K | Roughly 1.5× that of austenitic stainless steel, which matters in heat-exchanger duty | | Specific heat | 427 | J/kg·K | 20 °C | | Electrical resistivity | 0.51–0.54 | μΩ·m | 20 °C, annealed | | **Curie temperature** | **21–49** | °C | Close to room temperature and composition-dependent. See the warning below | ### Magnetism, and why magnetic particle inspection does not work here The Curie temperature of alloy 400 is published as 21–49 °C, inside the ambient range, and it shifts with the exact Ni:Cu:Fe balance of the heat. Some heats are faintly magnetic at room temperature and others are not. The *same forging* can respond weakly to a magnet on a cold winter morning and not at all in a warm workshop. Two things follow from that. - **Do not specify magnetic particle examination (MT / MPI)** on a 2.4360 drawing. Indications are unreliable and a clean MT report on this alloy proves nothing. Specify **liquid penetrant testing to ASTM E165** for surface examination instead. - **Do not use a magnet as a positive material identification check.** A weak magnetic response neither confirms nor rules out alloy 400. Use X-ray fluorescence or optical emission spectrometry for PMI. This is a frequent source of dispute between buyer and forge shop on nickel-copper orders. --- ## How is 2.4360 forged and heat treated? ### The most common specification error on 2.4360 drawings 2.4360 **cannot be solution treated and aged**. It is a single-phase solid-solution alloy with no precipitation-hardening elements. A drawing that calls for "solution treatment + ageing" on N04400 cannot be satisfied by any heat treater, and the note will either be ignored or will stall the order at document review. The age-hardenable nickel-copper alloy is **2.4375 / UNS N05500 (alloy K-500)**, which adds roughly 2.3 % aluminium and 0.6 % titanium and is aged near 600 °C to roughly double the yield strength. If your drawing needs an aged Ni-Cu material, it needs K-500, not 400. ### Table 5. 2.4360 hot working and heat treatment parameters | Operation | Temperature | Cooling | Purpose & cautions | |---|---|---|---| | Heavy hot working (cogging, upsetting, ring blanking) | 1,040–1,180 °C | n/a | Break down the cast structure. Reduction ratio ≥ 4:1 for a uniform wrought grain | | Light hot working / finishing blows | 870–1,040 °C | Air | Finishing in this range gives the finest grain size. Never forge below ~870 °C, or the alloy work-hardens sharply and cracks | | Ring rolling | 1,050–1,150 °C start | Air | Narrower window than steel; reheat rather than push a cooling ring | | **Anneal (softening)** | **870–980 °C** | **Rapid: water or forced air** | Standard delivery condition. Rapid cooling is required for maximum softness and ductility; slow cooling from this range does not harden the alloy but coarsens the grain | | Stress-relieve / stress-equalise | 540–590 °C, 1–3 h | Air | Removes residual stress from cold work, machining or welding without softening. Mandatory for HF-vapour and ammonia service | | Age hardening | Not applicable | n/a | No ageing response. Use 2.4375 / N05500 (K-500) if an aged Ni-Cu alloy is required | ### Sulphur embrittlement: a furnace-atmosphere requirement Nickel and nickel sulphide form a low-melting eutectic at about 645 °C. If 2.4360 is heated above roughly 315 °C in an atmosphere containing sulphur (fuel oil, unwashed coke-oven gas, sulphur-bearing cutting fluid residue, or even marker-pen ink and grease left on the surface), the sulphide penetrates the grain boundaries and the forging becomes irrecoverably brittle. There is no heat treatment that repairs it. Our rule for nickel-copper work: heat only in clean, low-sulphur furnace atmospheres, and degrease every surface before any thermal cycle. If you are specifying post-delivery heat treatment at your own works, pass this requirement to your heat treater in writing. --- ## How corrosion resistant is 2.4360? (HF acid, seawater, alkalis) **2.4360 is the reference engineering alloy for hydrofluoric acid, resisting it at all concentrations up to the boiling point.** Its resistance profile is that of a reducing-service alloy: excellent where oxygen and oxidising ions are absent, poor where they are present. Because it contains no chromium it forms no chromium-oxide passive film, so there is nothing for chlorides to break down. That is where its immunity to chloride stress-corrosion cracking comes from, and also why nothing protects it in nitric acid or wet chlorine. ### Table 6. 2.4360 corrosion behaviour by medium | Medium | Rating | Comment | |---|---|---| | Hydrofluoric acid, all concentrations to boiling | Excellent | Best of any commercial engineering alloy. Basis of HF alkylation plant design. See vapour-phase caution below | | Flowing seawater / brackish water | Excellent | Immune to chloride SCC. Requires flow, see stagnant water below | | Caustic soda and alkalis | Excellent | Resistant to all concentrations and temperatures; no caustic SCC | | Sulphuric acid, non-aerated, < 85 % | Good | Rates rise sharply with aeration, oxidising contaminants (Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺) or concentration above 85 % | | Hydrochloric acid, dilute, non-aerated | Good | Useful to about 10 % at room temperature. Aeration or oxidising salts change the picture completely | | Neutral salts, fresh water, steam | Good | Long-established boiler feedwater and deaerator material | | Organic acids, solvents | Good | Generally resistant | | Stagnant / low-velocity seawater | Limited | Pitting and crevice corrosion initiate under deposits, gaskets and in dead legs. Design for flow, or select a Mo-bearing alloy | | Aerated ammonia / ammonium hydroxide | Avoid | Rapid attack, plus risk of ammoniacal stress-corrosion cracking in stressed parts | | Nitric acid, oxidising acids | Avoid | Rapid general corrosion | | Ferric / cupric chloride, oxidising salts | Avoid | Severe attack on copper-bearing alloys | | Wet chlorine, hypochlorite | Avoid | Severe attack | | Molten sulphur, mercury | Avoid | Embrittlement / liquid-metal attack | ### Two stress-corrosion cracking exceptions 2.4360 is immune to *chloride* SCC, which is its main advantage over austenitic stainless steel. It is **not** universally immune. Highly stressed parts can crack in moist aerated hydrofluoric acid vapour and in moist aerated ammonia. For both duties, order the forging stress-relieved at 540–590 °C after final machining and design to keep applied tensile stress low. State the service medium on the enquiry so the correct final thermal cycle is built into the route card. --- ## When should you choose 2.4360 over K-500, Inconel 625 or Hastelloy C-276? 2.4360 is the least expensive nickel alloy that solves HF and reducing-acid problems. It is the wrong choice when the service is oxidising, when stagnant chlorides are present, or when the part needs a yield strength above roughly 380 MPa. ### Table 7. 2.4360 compared with the alloys it is most often traded against | Property | 2.4360 alloy 400 | 2.4375 alloy K-500 | 2.4856 alloy 625 | 2.4819 alloy C-276 | 1.4539 904L | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | UNS | N04400 | N05500 | N06625 | N10276 | N08904 | | Base system | Ni-Cu | Ni-Cu-Al-Ti | Ni-Cr-Mo-Nb | Ni-Mo-Cr | Fe-Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu | | Age hardenable | **No** | **Yes** | No | No | No | | Yield 0.2 %, typical | 170–380 MPa | 550–790 MPa | ≥ 415 MPa | ≥ 283 MPa | ≥ 220 MPa | | Hydrofluoric acid | **Best in class** | Excellent | Moderate | Good | Poor | | Flowing seawater | Excellent | Excellent | Excellent | Excellent | Good | | Stagnant seawater / crevices | Limited | Limited | Excellent | Excellent | Good | | Oxidising acids (HNO₃) | Avoid | Avoid | Excellent | Good | Good | | Chloride SCC | Immune | Immune | Immune | Immune | Highly resistant | | Max useful temperature | ~480 °C | ~480 °C | ~980 °C | ~1,090 °C | ~400 °C | | Density | 8.80 g/cm³ | 8.44 g/cm³ | 8.44 g/cm³ | 8.89 g/cm³ | 8.0 g/cm³ | | Relative material cost | 1.0 × | 2.0–2.5 × | 2.5–3 × | 3.5–4 × | 0.6 × | | **Choose it when** | **HF acid, flowing seawater, reducing acids and alkalis, at the lowest nickel-alloy cost** | Same corrosion duty but you need double the yield strength (shafts, fasteners, springs) | Oxidising and reducing service together, or high temperature | The most aggressive mixed acids and stagnant chlorides | Sulphuric acid service where a stainless is acceptable and cost dominates | Cost index is indicative and tracks LME nickel, copper and molybdenum with a typical two- to four-week lag. --- ## What forged products are available in 2.4360? Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. produces 2.4360 / UNS N04400 by three routes, chosen by part geometry. Open-die forging handles shafts, blocks, discs and tube sheets. Seamless ring rolling produces rings and flange blanks and is the highest-volume route for this grade. Upset forging is used for short, large-section hubs and valve-body blanks. Alloy 400 is expensive per kilogram, so near-net-shape forging pays back faster here than on steel. Removing 30–50 % of the machining stock on a valve body saves both raw material and machining time on a material that cuts slowly. Seamless rolled rings · forged rings · forged flanges and flange blanks · tube sheets and baffle plates · valve bodies, bonnets and seat rings · valve stems · pump shafts · propeller and rudder shafts · forged discs and hubs · sleeves and bushings · forged blocks and blanks · round, square and flat bar · hollow forged cylinders · forged nozzles · custom near-net-shape forgings. --- ## 2.4360 forging capability at Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Our plant-wide envelope covers rings from 80 mm to 6,000 mm diameter and single pieces to 15,000 kg in carbon and alloy steel. Nickel-copper alloys are worked inside a narrower envelope because the hot-working window is tighter and the press loads at temperature are higher. The figures below are the alloy-specific limits for 2.4360; confirm the exact envelope for your part at enquiry. | | | |---|---| | Max ring OD | 3,000 mm | | Max disc / tube sheet Ø | 2,000 mm | | Max shaft length | 6,000 mm | | Max single piece | 6,000 kg | | Bar diameter range | 30–500 mm | | Forging ratio | ≥ 4:1 | ### Table 8. Equipment qualified for 2.4360 / UNS N04400 production | Stage | Equipment | Capability relevant to 2.4360 | |---|---|---| | Forging, heavy | Free-die hydraulic press, 5,000 t class | Cogging and upsetting of Ni-Cu billets; multi-step incremental reduction to stay inside the 870–1,180 °C window | | Forging, hammers | 1 t / 3 t / 5 t / 9 t open-die hammers | Shafts, blocks and small rings; fast cycle keeps the workpiece above the 870 °C floor | | Ring rolling | Radial-axial ring mills, 3 m and 6 m | Seamless rolled rings; 2.4360 rolled to 3,000 mm OD with reheat between passes | | Heat treatment | Bogie-hearth annealing furnaces | Anneal 870–980 °C with ±5 °C uniformity, run on a sulphur-free atmosphere schedule for all nickel-alloy charges | | Quench | Water quench tank and forced-air cooling | Rapid cool from the annealing range as required for maximum ductility | | NDT, ultrasonic | Phased-array ultrasonic system | ASTM A388 and EN 10228-3; low-frequency probes selected for the coarse grain of annealed Ni-Cu | | NDT, surface | Liquid penetrant line | ASTM E165 / EN ISO 3452. The correct surface method for this alloy | | Laboratory, chemistry | Optical emission spectrometer | Full elemental analysis, calibrated daily against traceable standards | | Laboratory, mechanical | Universal testing machine, impact tester, hardness testers | Tensile to ASTM E8 / EN ISO 6892, Charpy V to ASTM E23, hardness HB/HRB | | Laboratory, metallography | Metallographic microscope | Grain size to ASTM E112, macroetch for grain flow | Plant background: founded 2008, 460 employees including 9 senior engineers, 32 intermediate engineers and 140 technicians; ISO 9001:2015 certified; exporting to more than 40 countries. Melting routes used for our nickel-alloy stock include EAF + VOD + ESR and VIM + ESR + VAR depending on the cleanliness required. --- ## How do you forge, weld and machine 2.4360? ### Forging The working range is 870–1,180 °C with heavy reduction taken at the top of the range and finishing blows at the bottom. Two rules matter most. First, never continue forging below about 870 °C. The alloy work-hardens rapidly and surface cracking follows, so reheat rather than push a cooling workpiece. This costs furnace time and is the biggest single difference from forging carbon steel. Second, the furnace atmosphere must be sulphur-free for the reason given under heat treatment. Aim for a forging ratio of at least 4:1 to break down the cast structure and produce a uniform wrought grain, and orient grain flow along the principal stress direction on shafts and rings. ### Welding 2.4360 is readily welded by GTAW, GMAW and SMAW. Because there is no hardening phase, there is no metallurgical requirement for post-weld heat treatment. A stress relief at 540–590 °C is still advised for HF-vapour and ammonia service, to remove weld residual stress. Use a matching nickel-copper filler (ERNiCu-7 for GTAW/GMAW, ENiCu-7 for SMAW). Joint preparation must be clean and grease-free: sulphur, lead, zinc and phosphorus residues cause hot cracking in nickel alloys. Nickel-alloy weld pools are sluggish compared with steel, so open the groove angle and do not expect the puddle to flow into a tight root. ### Machining Alloy 400 work-hardens under the tool, and that governs everything else about machining it. Use rigid setups, sharp positive-rake carbide tooling, slower speeds than for stainless (roughly 20–35 m/min for turning with coated carbide), heavy positive feed, and never allow the tool to dwell or rub. A rubbing tool glazes the surface and the next pass has to cut through a hardened layer. Flood coolant throughout. For deep drilling use peck cycles. Annealed material machines more easily than cold-drawn; where a part will be heavily machined, ordering it annealed and stress-relieving afterwards usually beats ordering it hard. **Do** - Reheat rather than forge below 870 °C - Use clean, low-sulphur furnace atmospheres only - Degrease before every thermal cycle - Positive rake, sharp tools, heavy feed, flood coolant - Stress-relieve for HF-vapour and ammonia service **Don't** - Specify solution treatment plus ageing, which is impossible on this grade - Heat in sulphur-bearing atmospheres above ~315 °C - Rely on magnetic particle inspection - Let the tool dwell or rub during machining - Mark the workpiece with sulphur- or lead-bearing crayons before heat treatment --- ## How should 2.4360 forgings be inspected? ### Table 9. Non-destructive examination methods for 2.4360 forgings | Method | Standard | Suitability for 2.4360 | |---|---|---| | Ultrasonic testing (UT) | ASTM A388 · EN 10228-3 · SEP 1921 | Recommended for volumetric examination. Annealed Ni-Cu has a coarse grain that attenuates and scatters ultrasound, so use lower probe frequencies (typically 1–2 MHz rather than 4–5 MHz) and set the acceptance level on a reference block of the same alloy and heat-treatment condition, not on a steel block | | Liquid penetrant testing (PT) | ASTM E165 · EN ISO 3452 | The correct surface method. Use low-sulphur, low-halogen penetrants certified for nickel alloys | | Magnetic particle testing (MT) | ASTM E1444 | **Not recommended.** The Curie temperature sits near ambient, so magnetic response is unreliable and varies with workshop temperature. A clean MT report on this alloy carries no assurance | | Radiography (RT) | ASTM E94 / E1032 | Applicable to welds; higher energy needed than for equivalent steel thickness because of the density | | Positive material identification (PMI) | XRF or OES | Required on receipt. A magnet is not a valid PMI check on this alloy | | Macroetch / grain flow | ASTM E381 | For shafts and rings where grain-flow direction is specified | --- ## Which standards and certificates apply to 2.4360 forgings? For forged rings, flanges, tube sheets and shafts the controlling specification is ASTM B564 / ASME SB-564. European projects add DIN 17743 for chemistry, and pressure equipment adds VdTÜV Werkstoffblatt 263, which approves the alloy from −10 °C to 425 °C. Because the chemistry limits differ slightly between ASTM and DIN, a single heat melted to the tighter DIN carbon and sulphur limits can be certified against both. ASTM B564 / ASME SB-564 · ASTM B164 · ASTM B127 · ASTM B165 · ASTM B366 · DIN 17743 · DIN 17750–17754 · VdTÜV 263 · BS 3072–3076 (NA13) · QQ-N-281 · NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 · EN 10204 3.1 · EN 10204 3.2 · ASTM A388 · EN 10228-3 · ASTM E165 **EN 10204 type 3.1, supplied as standard** - Heat number and full traceability to the melt - Complete chemical analysis against ASTM B564 and DIN 17743 limits - Tensile, yield, elongation and hardness results - Heat-treatment records with furnace chart reference - Ultrasonic and penetrant examination results - Dimensional report and marking record - Multi-designation conformance statement (2.4360 / NiCu30Fe / N04400 / NA13 / NU-30) **EN 10204 type 3.2, third-party witness.** Issued through a client-nominated inspection body (DNV, Bureau Veritas, Lloyd's Register, ABS or TÜV) witnessing sampling, testing and release. Typically adds two to four weeks. Required for most class-society marine work and for many European pressure-equipment projects. Customers may witness any production stage at no charge: chemistry, heat treatment, mechanical testing, final NDE. **Sour service (NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156).** Nickel-copper alloy 400 appears in NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156-3 for certain H₂S-containing applications, with limits on hardness and on the environmental envelope. Compliance is condition- and environment-specific rather than automatic. If your service is sour, state the H₂S partial pressure, chloride content, in-situ pH and temperature on the enquiry so the applicable table and hardness limit can be confirmed in writing before the order is placed. --- ## Eight specification mistakes that delay 2.4360 orders These come from enquiries and post-delivery reviews on nickel-copper orders. Each costs nothing to correct at the specification stage, and days or weeks to correct at incoming inspection. 1. **Calling for solution treatment and ageing.** Alloy 400 has no ageing response. *Fix:* specify annealed 870–980 °C rapid cool, or stress-relieved 540–590 °C. If you need an aged Ni-Cu alloy, specify 2.4375 / N05500 (K-500). 2. **Writing "Monel 400" as the only grade designation.** Monel® is a Special Metals trademark; strictly, that purchase order can be filled only by the trademark owner. *Fix:* write `UNS N04400 / W.-Nr. 2.4360 / NiCu30Fe`. 3. **Specifying magnetic particle examination.** Unreliable on this alloy because the Curie temperature is near ambient. *Fix:* specify liquid penetrant to ASTM E165. 4. **Copying a Cr/Mo composition table onto the drawing.** Chromium, molybdenum, niobium and vanadium are not constituents of 2.4360. A drawing listing them cannot be certified as written. *Fix:* use the Ni/Cu/Fe/Mn/C/Si/S limits in Table 2. 5. **Specifying only ASTM, then applying it to a European pressure vessel.** ASTM allows carbon to 0.30 %; DIN caps it at 0.15 %. *Fix:* state `C ≤ 0.15 %` and require the certificate to name both ASTM B564 and DIN 17743. 6. **Ignoring flow velocity in seawater duty.** Excellent in flowing seawater, vulnerable in stagnant conditions and crevices. *Fix:* design out dead legs and crevices, or select a molybdenum-bearing alloy for stagnant service. 7. **Omitting the stress-relief requirement for HF-vapour or ammonia service.** Both media can cause SCC in highly stressed alloy 400. *Fix:* state the service medium on the enquiry and require final stress-relief after machining. 8. **Leaving the delivery condition off the purchase order entirely.** Annealed and hot-finished stress-relieved material differ by roughly 100 MPa in tensile strength. *Fix:* state one explicitly and, if a value above the annealed minimum is required for design, state that value so it can be guaranteed on the certificate. --- ## How do you specify a 2.4360 forging order? 1. **State the generic designation.** `UNS N04400 / W.-Nr. 2.4360 / NiCu30Fe`. Avoid the trademark alone. 2. **Name the product specification.** ASTM B564 / ASME SB-564 for forgings; ASTM B164 for bar; add DIN 17743 and VdTÜV 263 for European pressure equipment. 3. **State the delivery condition.** Annealed 870–980 °C rapid cool, or stress-relieved 540–590 °C. Never "solution treated and aged". 4. **Provide the drawing.** Dimensions, tolerances, surface roughness, and grain-flow direction for rings and shafts. 5. **Define NDE.** UT to ASTM A388 or EN 10228-3 with the acceptance class; PT to ASTM E165. Do not specify MT. 6. **Specify the certificate.** EN 10204 3.1, or 3.2 with a named third-party witness. 7. **Give commercial terms.** Quantity, required delivery date, destination port and Incoterms. ### Drawing callout template ``` MATERIAL : UNS N04400 / W.-Nr. 2.4360 / NiCu30Fe (nickel-copper alloy 400) SPEC : ASTM B564 (forgings) [+ DIN 17743 chemistry, C max 0.15 %] [+ VdTUV 263 for pressure equipment, -10 to +425 deg C] CONDITION : Annealed 870-980 deg C, rapid cool [OR: hot-finished + stress-relieved 540-590 deg C after final machining] NOTE - alloy 400 is NOT age hardenable. Do not specify solution + age. PROPERTIES : UTS >= 480 MPa, YS 0.2% >= 170 MPa, elongation >= 35% (annealed) FORGING : Reduction ratio >= 4:1. Longitudinal grain flow parallel to principal axis. Sulphur-free furnace atmosphere at all stages above 315 deg C. NDE : UT per ASTM A388 [class ___] using 1-2 MHz probe and N04400 reference block PT per ASTM E165, low-sulphur / low-halogen penetrant MT NOT APPLICABLE - Curie temperature near ambient PMI : XRF or OES on receipt. Magnet check is not a valid PMI method. CERT : EN 10204 3.1 [OR 3.2 witnessed by ___] Certificate to state 2.4360 / NiCu30Fe / N04400 / NA13 / NU-30 MARKING : Heat number, grade, spec, drawing number - vibro-etch on non-functional surface Do not use sulphur- or lead-bearing marking crayons before heat treatment ``` --- ## Where is 2.4360 used? Applications by industry **Refining: HF alkylation units.** Reactor and settler internals, valve bodies and bonnets, flanges, forged nozzles and pump parts in hydrofluoric acid service. This is the application the alloy is best known for. Nothing else commercially available resists HF across the full concentration range to boiling. Vapour-phase parts are supplied stress-relieved. **Marine and offshore: seawater systems and shafting.** Propeller and rudder shafts, pump shafts, seawater valve bodies and seat rings, strainer bodies, deck and hull fixtures, and firewater system components. Immunity to chloride SCC is the reason it displaces austenitic stainless steel here. **Chemical process: reducing-acid and alkali service.** Forged rings and shell courses, agitator and mixer shafts, valve bodies, sleeves and bushings for sulphuric and hydrochloric acid under non-aerated conditions, and for caustic soda at all concentrations and temperatures. **Heat transfer: tube sheets and exchanger components.** Forged tube sheets, baffle plates, channel covers and flanges for shell-and-tube exchangers, feedwater heaters and deaerating heaters. The relatively high thermal conductivity for a nickel alloy is a real advantage in this duty. **Oil and gas: wellhead and process components.** Valve components, seat rings, stems and flanges where hydrogen sulphide, chlorides and reducing conditions coincide. Sour-service applicability is condition-specific under NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156, so confirm the envelope before ordering. **Cryogenic and low temperature: liquefied-gas handling.** Valve bodies, flanges and shafting for cryogenic duty, where the absence of a ductile-to-brittle transition removes the impact-testing risk that governs ferritic material selection. --- ## Request a quote for 2.4360 / UNS N04400 forgings Send a drawing or the dimensions, the delivery condition and the service medium. We reply within 24 hours with price, lead time and written confirmation of the standards the material will be certified against. - Email: - Telephone / WeChat: +86 189 2135 9659 - WhatsApp: - Response time: within 24 hours, Monday to Saturday Useful to include: grade and specification, dimensions or drawing, quantity, delivery condition, service medium and temperature, certificate type, required delivery date, destination port and Incoterms. --- ## Glossary **2.4360**: European Werkstoff number for wrought nickel-copper alloy 400 (NiCu30Fe). **NiCu30Fe**: EN chemical designation: nickel base, nominally 30 % copper, with iron. **UNS N04400**: Unified Numbering System designation, the safest generic name for a purchase order. **Monel® 400**: Registered trademark of Special Metals Corporation for this chemistry. **2.4375 / N05500**: Alloy K-500, the age-hardenable nickel-copper alloy, with Al and Ti additions. **Solid-solution alloy**: Single-phase alloy strengthened by dissolved atoms rather than by precipitates. Cannot be age hardened. **Curie temperature**: Temperature above which a material loses ferromagnetism. For alloy 400 it is near room temperature, which is why MT inspection is unreliable. **Stress-equalising / stress-relief**: Heating to 540–590 °C to remove residual stress without softening the material. **Hot shortness**: Cracking during hot working caused by low-melting grain-boundary films. In nickel alloys these are chiefly nickel sulphide. **EN 10204 3.1 / 3.2**: Inspection document types: 3.1 issued by the manufacturer's independent QA; 3.2 countersigned by a third-party inspector. **VdTÜV 263**: German material sheet approving alloy 400 for pressure equipment from −10 °C to 425 °C. **Forging ratio**: Ratio of starting to finished cross-section. At least 4:1 is required to break down the cast structure. --- ## Frequently asked questions about 2.4360 ### Is 2.4360 the same as Monel 400? Yes. 2.4360 is the European Werkstoff number for the nickel-copper alloy also designated NiCu30Fe, UNS N04400, BS NA13 and AFNOR NU-30. Monel® 400 is the commercial name for that same chemistry and is a registered trademark of Special Metals Corporation. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. supplies the material under the generic designations 2.4360 / NiCu30Fe / UNS N04400, certified to ASTM B564 and DIN 17743. We are not affiliated with, sponsored by or endorsed by Special Metals Corporation. ### What is the chemical composition of 2.4360? To DIN 17743, NiCu30Fe (2.4360) is: nickel ≥ 63 %, copper 28.0–34.0 %, iron 1.0–2.5 %, manganese ≤ 2.0 %, carbon ≤ 0.15 %, silicon ≤ 0.50 %, sulphur ≤ 0.020 %, titanium ≤ 0.30 %, aluminium ≤ 0.50 %. ASTM B564 for UNS N04400 uses the same nickel, copper and manganese limits but allows carbon to 0.30 %, sulphur to 0.024 % and iron to 2.5 % with no minimum. A heat melted to the tighter DIN limits satisfies both specifications at once. Chromium and molybdenum are not constituents of this alloy. ### Can 2.4360 be solution treated and aged to increase strength? No. 2.4360 / UNS N04400 is a single-phase solid-solution alloy with no precipitation-hardening elements, so it has no ageing response. Strength above the annealed minimum comes only from cold work or from a hot-finished, stress-relieved delivery condition. The age-hardenable nickel-copper alloy is 2.4375 / UNS N05500 (alloy K-500), which adds roughly 2.3 % aluminium and 0.6 % titanium and is aged near 600 °C. Specifying "solution treated and aged" on a 2.4360 drawing is one of the most common errors on this grade and will stall the order at document review. ### What are the mechanical properties of 2.4360 forgings? In the annealed condition ASTM B564 requires a minimum tensile strength of 480 MPa (70 ksi), a minimum 0.2 % offset yield strength of 170 MPa (25 ksi) and minimum elongation of 35 %. Typical annealed hardness is 110–150 HB. Hot-finished and stress-relieved forgings typically reach 515–620 MPa tensile with 205–380 MPa yield; cold-drawn stress-relieved bar reaches 620–760 MPa tensile. Only the annealed row is a guaranteed specification requirement. ### What is the maximum service temperature of 2.4360? For pressure equipment, VdTÜV Werkstoffblatt 263 covers 2.4360 from −10 °C to 425 °C, and the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code allows UNS N04400 to 480 °C. In non-pressure service the alloy retains useful oxidation resistance to about 540 °C. In sulphur-bearing atmospheres the practical ceiling drops to roughly 315 °C because of nickel sulphide embrittlement. At the other end there is no lower limit of concern: alloy 400 has no ductile-to-brittle transition and stays tough to cryogenic temperatures. ### Is 2.4360 magnetic, and can it be inspected by magnetic particle testing? Its Curie temperature is close to room temperature, published as 21 °C to 49 °C and varying with the exact chemistry of the heat. The same forging can therefore appear weakly magnetic on a cold morning and non-magnetic in a warm workshop. Magnetic particle examination is therefore not a reliable inspection method for this alloy, and a magnet is not a valid positive material identification check. Specify liquid penetrant testing to ASTM E165 for surface examination, ultrasonic testing to ASTM A388 or EN 10228-3 for volumetric examination, and XRF or OES for PMI. ### Why is 2.4360 the standard material for hydrofluoric acid service? Among commercial engineering alloys, nickel-copper alloy 400 offers the best overall resistance to hydrofluoric acid across the full concentration range up to the boiling point. That is why it is the reference material for HF alkylation units in refineries and for HF handling equipment generally. One restriction applies: moist aerated hydrofluoric acid vapour can cause stress-corrosion cracking. Parts for HF vapour service should be supplied stress-relieved at 540–590 °C after final machining, and designed to keep residual and applied tensile stress low. ### Where should 2.4360 not be used? Avoid it in strongly oxidising media, where copper-bearing alloys corrode rapidly: nitric acid, ferric chloride, cupric chloride, wet chlorine, oxidising acid salts and aerated ammonia solutions. Also avoid stagnant seawater, where pitting and crevice corrosion initiate under deposits and gaskets even though flowing-seawater performance is excellent; sulphur-bearing atmospheres above about 315 °C, which cause embrittlement; and molten sulphur or mercury entirely. Highly stressed parts can crack in moist aerated ammonia and in HF vapour. ### What is the difference between 2.4360 and 2.4361? Both Werkstoff numbers describe alloy 400 chemistry. 2.4360 is the general wrought designation used for bar, forgings and plate; 2.4361 appears in some European product standards for particular product forms and delivery conditions. Chemistry and mechanical properties are effectively the same, and a heat certified to 2.4360 normally satisfies 2.4361 requirements. Confirm the exact product standard on the enquiry so the correct designation is printed on the certificate. ### What is the difference between alloy 400 and alloy K-500? Alloy K-500 (2.4375 / UNS N05500) is alloy 400 with roughly 2.3 % aluminium and 0.6 % titanium added, which makes it age hardenable. After solution treatment and ageing near 600 °C its yield strength is roughly double that of alloy 400, typically 550–790 MPa against 170–380 MPa. Corrosion resistance is broadly similar. Choose K-500 when you need the corrosion performance of alloy 400 with substantially higher strength: pump and propeller shafts, fasteners, springs, and downhole components. ### What size 2.4360 forgings can you produce? Seamless rolled rings to approximately 3,000 mm outside diameter, forged discs and tube sheets to approximately 2,000 mm diameter, shafts to approximately 6,000 mm length, bar from 30 mm to 500 mm diameter, and single-piece weights to approximately 6,000 kg. These limits are lower than our plant maximum for carbon and alloy steel (6,000 mm rings, 15,000 kg pieces) because nickel-copper alloys have a narrower hot-working window and higher press loads at temperature. Confirm the exact envelope for your part at enquiry. ### What certification is supplied with 2.4360 forgings? EN 10204 type 3.1 mill certificates as standard, listing heat number, full chemical analysis, mechanical test results, heat-treatment records and NDE results, with a multi-designation conformance statement covering 2.4360 / NiCu30Fe / N04400 / NA13 / NU-30. EN 10204 type 3.2 certificates witnessed by DNV, Bureau Veritas, Lloyd's Register, ABS or TÜV are available on request and typically add two to four weeks. ### What is the lead time for 2.4360 forgings? Typically 6 to 10 weeks from order confirmation to ex-works dispatch, depending on raw-material availability and size. EN 10204 3.2 third-party witnessed certification typically adds two to four weeks. A written quotation is issued within 24 hours of receiving a drawing or dimensions. --- ## Technical references Chemistry, mechanical, physical, heat-treatment and corrosion data on this page are drawn from the published standards and engineering references below. Test results on our material test certificates are independent and traceable to calibrated equipment. 1. ASTM B564. Standard Specification for Nickel Alloy Forgings. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. 2. ASTM B164. Standard Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy Rod, Bar, and Wire. ASTM International. 3. ASTM B127. Standard Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy Plate, Sheet, and Strip. ASTM International. 4. ASTM B165. Standard Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy Seamless Pipe and Tube. ASTM International. 5. ASTM B366. Standard Specification for Factory-Made Wrought Nickel and Nickel Alloy Fittings. ASTM International. 6. DIN 17743. Wrought nickel-copper alloys: chemical composition. Deutsches Institut für Normung, Berlin. Product forms in the DIN 17750–17754 series. 7. VdTÜV Werkstoffblatt 263. Nickel-copper alloy NiCu30Fe (2.4360) for pressure equipment. Verband der TÜV, Germany. 8. ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section II Part B (SB-564, SB-164, SB-127) and Section VIII Division 1, current edition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. 9. BS 3072–3076. Nickel and nickel alloys: sheet, plate, bar and sections (designation NA13). British Standards Institution. 10. NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156-3. Petroleum and natural gas industries: materials for use in H₂S-containing environments, Part 3, cracking-resistant CRAs and other alloys. 11. EN 10204. Metallic products: types of inspection documents. CEN, Brussels. 12. ASTM A388. Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Forgings. ASTM International. 13. EN 10228-3. Non-destructive testing of steel forgings, Part 3: Ultrasonic testing of ferritic or martensitic steel forgings. CEN. 14. ASTM E165. Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing for General Industry. ASTM International. 15. ASM Handbook, Volume 2. Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials. ASM International, Materials Park, OH. 16. ASM Specialty Handbook: Nickel, Cobalt, and Their Alloys, J. R. Davis (ed.), ASM International, 2000. 17. Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Nickel-Base Alloys, J. C. Lippold, S. D. Kiser and J. N. DuPont, Wiley, 2009. 18. Corrosion Resistance of Nickel-Containing Alloys in Hydrofluoric Acid, Hydrogen Fluoride and Fluorine. Nickel Institute / INCO technical series. 19. Special Metals Corporation. MONEL® alloy 400 publication (UNS N04400 / W.Nr. 2.4360) technical data sheet. Standards named are the revisions known at the time of the last page review. For procurement, always reference the revision in force at the contract date. All trademarks are the property of their respective owners. --- ## About the manufacturer, Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. **Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, China, founded in 2008 and exporting to more than 40 countries.** The company produces seamless rolled rings, forged flanges, tube sheets, shafts, discs, valve components and bar in carbon steel, alloy steel, tool steel, stainless steel and nickel alloys, including nickel-copper alloy 2.4360 / UNS N04400. The plant employs 460 people, among them 9 senior engineers, 32 intermediate engineers and 140 technicians. It operates 1-, 3-, 5- and 9-tonne open-die forging hammers, a 5,000-tonne-class hydraulic press, and 3-metre and 6-metre radial-axial ring rolling mills, with in-house heat treatment, machining, ultrasonic and penetrant inspection and a metallurgical laboratory. Quality management is certified to ISO 9001:2015, and material is supplied with EN 10204 3.1 certification as standard, or 3.2 with third-party witness on request. For nickel-copper alloys specifically, every thermal cycle is run under a sulphur-free furnace atmosphere and workpieces are degreased before heating. This is the most important process control on this alloy family, and the one most often missed when nickel forgings are subcontracted. | | | |---|---| | Legal name | Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. | | Business | Open-die forging factory · seamless ring rolling | | Address | No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China | | Telephone / WeChat | +86 189 2135 9659 | | Email | sales@steelforgepieces.com | | WhatsApp | https://wa.me/8618921359659 | | Website | https://www.steelforgepieces.com/ | | Founded · people | 2008 · 460 employees | | Certification | ISO 9001:2015 · EN 10204 3.1 / 3.2 | | Export markets | 40+ countries | **Citing this page:** Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., "2.4360 / NiCu30Fe / UNS N04400 Nickel-Copper Alloy Forgings: Technical Datasheet", updated 8 August 2026. --- ## Related grades Nickel alloys: [Inconel 625](https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Nickel-Alloy/Inconel-625.html) · [Inconel 600](https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Nickel-Alloy/Inconel-600.html) · [Inconel 601](https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Nickel-Alloy/Inconel-601.html) · [Inconel 617](https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Nickel-Alloy/Inconel-617.html) · [Inconel 690](https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Nickel-Alloy/Inconel-690.html) · [Inconel X-750](https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Nickel-Alloy/Inconel-X-750.html) · [Incoloy 825](https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Nickel-Alloy/Incoloy-825.html) · [Incoloy 800H](https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Nickel-Alloy/Incoloy-800H.html) · [Incoloy 925](https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Nickel-Alloy/Incoloy-925.html) · [Hastelloy C-276](https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Nickel-Alloy/Hastelloy-C-276.html) · [Hastelloy C-22](https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Nickel-Alloy/Hastelloy-C-22.html) · [Hastelloy B-3](https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Nickel-Alloy/Hastelloy-B-3.html) · [Hastelloy G-3](https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Nickel-Alloy/Hastelloy-G-3.html) · [Alloy 59](https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Nickel-Alloy/Alloy-59.html) · [Alloy 602](https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Nickel-Alloy/Alloy-602.html) Product forms: [Forging rings](https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Forging-Rings/) · [Forged rings](https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Forged-Rings/) · [Forged flanges](https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Forged-Flanges/) · [Forged tube sheets](https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Forging-Tube-Sheets/) · [Forged shafts](https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Forged-Shafts/) · [Forged discs](https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Forged-Disks/) · [Forged bars](https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Forged-Bars/) · [Forged spindles](https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Forging-Spindles/) · [Forged cylinders](https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Forged-Cylinders/) · [Forged rolls](https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Forged-Rolls/) --- © 2026 Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. Open Die Forging Factory. Monel®, Inconel® and Incoloy® are registered trademarks of Special Metals Corporation; Hastelloy® of Haynes International, Inc. We are not affiliated with these companies.