# 4Ch5MF1S Forged Bars, Rings, Blocks and Sleeves

Hot-work tool steel to GOST 5950-2000. Also written **4Х5МФ1С** (GOST Cyrillic), **4Kh5MF1S**, **4H5MF1S**, **4X5MF1C**, and designated **ЭП572 / EP572**. Its closest international equivalents are AISI H13, DIN 1.2344 (X40CrMoV5-1), JIS SKD61 and GB 4Cr5MoSiV1.

- Canonical page: https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Alloy-Steel/4Ch5MF1S.html
- Published 11 April 2019. Last reviewed 12 September 2026 by the technical department of Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.

## Key facts

4Ch5MF1S is a chromium-molybdenum-vanadium hot-work tool steel specified in GOST 5950-2000 (Cyrillic designation 4Х5МФ1С, alternative designation ЭП572). It contains nominally 5 % chromium, 1.35 % molybdenum, 1 % vanadium and 1 % silicon, and is used for die-casting dies, hot forging dies, extrusion tooling and hot shear blades that must resist thermal fatigue at service temperatures up to about 550 °C. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., an open-die forging factory at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China, supplies 4Ch5MF1S as open-die forged round bars, square and flat bars, seamless rolled rings, blocks, discs and hollow sleeves, normally delivered in the annealed condition with an EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificate.

| Item | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Standard | GOST 5950-2000, alloy and high-alloy tool steel, bars and forgings |
| Designations | 4Х5МФ1С, ЭП572, EP572, 4Ch5MF1S, 4Kh5MF1S, 4H5MF1S, 4X5MF1C |
| Steel type | Cr-Mo-V hot-work tool steel, air hardening, 5 % Cr class |
| Closest equivalents | AISI H13, DIN 1.2344, JIS SKD61, GB 4Cr5MoSiV1 |
| Product forms | Round bars, square and flat bars, blocks, discs, seamless rolled rings, hollow sleeves |
| Delivery condition | Annealed, 241 HB maximum, or quenched and tempered to order |
| Forging temperature | Start 1180 °C, finish 850 °C, slow cooling afterwards |
| Hardening | Oil quench from 1020 °C, double temper, 44-52 HRC working hardness |
| Supplier | Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., open-die forging factory, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China |
| Contact | +86 189 2135 9659, sales@steelforgepieces.com |

## 1. What is 4Ch5MF1S steel?

4Ch5MF1S is the Latin transliteration of the Russian grade 4Х5МФ1С, a hot-work tool steel listed in GOST 5950-2000 and also carried under the designation ЭП572 (EP572). The name follows the usual GOST convention. **4** stands for roughly 0.4 % carbon, **Х5** for about 5 % chromium, **М** for molybdenum, **Ф1** for about 1 % vanadium, and **С** for the higher silicon content.

The steel sits in the 5 % chromium hot-work family. Chromium and molybdenum give hot strength and temper resistance. Vanadium forms fine carbides that hold hardness during secondary hardening and resist washout. The higher silicon improves resistance to attack by molten aluminium. Together these make the grade a common choice for tooling that is heated and cooled repeatedly in service, such as die-casting dies, hot forging dies and extrusion tooling.

The lower-vanadium grade 4Х5МФС carries about 0.3-0.5 % vanadium, while 4Ch5MF1S carries 0.8-1.1 %. This is why 4Ch5MF1S maps onto AISI H13 rather than H11. The extra vanadium raises wear resistance and tempering resistance, and costs a little toughness.

## 2. Chemical composition of 4Ch5MF1S

Mass fraction, %. Iron is the balance.

| Element | GOST 5950-2000 (4Х5МФ1С) | TU 108.11.917-87 (4Х5МФ1СА) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Carbon, C | 0.37 - 0.44 | 0.30 - 0.38 |
| Silicon, Si | 0.90 - 1.20 | 0.70 - 1.20 |
| Manganese, Mn | 0.20 - 0.50 | ≤ 0.60 |
| Chromium, Cr | 4.50 - 5.50 | 4.50 - 5.50 |
| Molybdenum, Mo | 1.20 - 1.50 | 1.00 - 1.50 |
| Vanadium, V | 0.80 - 1.10 | 0.80 - 1.20 |
| Nickel, Ni | ≤ 0.40 | ≤ 0.50 |
| Copper, Cu | ≤ 0.30 | ≤ 0.40 |
| Tungsten, W | ≤ 0.20 | — |
| Titanium, Ti | ≤ 0.03 | — |
| Phosphorus, P | ≤ 0.030 | ≤ 0.025 |
| Sulfur, S | ≤ 0.030 | ≤ 0.025 |
| Iron, Fe | Balance | Balance |

Source: GOST 5950-2000, *Alloyed and high-alloyed tool steel. Bars, strips and coils*; TU 108.11.917-87. Heat analysis. Product analysis tolerances per clause 3.2.2 of GOST 5950-2000 apply.

## 3. 4Ch5MF1S equivalent grades

The grades below are close equivalents rather than identical specifications. Carbon, molybdenum and vanadium bands differ between them, so confirm which standard the order is placed against before machining or heat treating.

| Country | Standard | Grade | C % | Cr % | Mo % | V % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Russia / CIS | GOST 5950-2000 | 4Х5МФ1С (ЭП572) | 0.37-0.44 | 4.50-5.50 | 1.20-1.50 | 0.80-1.10 |
| USA | ASTM A681 / AISI | H13 (UNS T20813) | 0.32-0.45 | 4.75-5.50 | 1.10-1.75 | 0.80-1.20 |
| Germany / EU | EN ISO 4957 | X40CrMoV5-1 (1.2344) | 0.37-0.43 | 4.80-5.50 | 1.20-1.50 | 0.90-1.10 |
| Japan | JIS G4404 | SKD61 | 0.35-0.42 | 4.80-5.50 | 1.00-1.50 | 0.80-1.20 |
| China | GB/T 1299 | 4Cr5MoSiV1 | 0.32-0.45 | 4.75-5.50 | 1.10-1.75 | 0.80-1.20 |
| France | AFNOR NF A35-590 | Z40CDV5 | 0.35-0.45 | 4.80-5.50 | 1.10-1.60 | 0.80-1.20 |
| UK | BS 4659 | BH13 | 0.35-0.45 | 4.80-5.50 | 1.20-1.60 | 0.85-1.15 |

### Choosing between 4Ch5MF1S and 4Х5МФС

Buyers frequently confuse the two GOST grades. 4Х5МФС (close to AISI H11 and 1.2343) carries only 0.3-0.5 % vanadium and is the tougher, more shock-tolerant choice for large hammer dies. 4Х5МФ1С (close to AISI H13 and 1.2344) carries 0.8-1.1 % vanadium and holds hardness better in long die-casting runs. If your drawing calls for H13, order 4Х5МФ1С.

## 4. Mechanical properties

Forgings oil-quenched from 1020 °C and tempered for two hours at the stated temperature.

| Tempering temperature | Yield Rp0.2 | Tensile Rm | Elongation A5 | Reduction Z | Impact KCU | Hardness |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 300 °C | ≥ 1490 MPa | ≥ 1860 MPa | ≥ 9 % | ≥ 28 % | ≥ 490 kJ/m² | ≥ 52 HRC |
| 400 °C | — | — | ≥ 8 % | ≥ 24 % | ≥ 410 kJ/m² | ≥ 54 HRC |
| 500 °C | ≥ 1490 MPa | — | ≥ 8 % | ≥ 25 % | ≥ 200 kJ/m² | ≥ 55 HRC |
| 600 °C | ≥ 1470 MPa | ≥ 1620 MPa | ≥ 10 % | ≥ 46 % | ≥ 440 kJ/m² | ≥ 50 HRC |
| 580 °C, 2 h | ≥ 1470 MPa | ≥ 1670 MPa | ≥ 10 % | ≥ 40 % | ≥ 390 kJ/m² | — |

Source: GOST reference data for steel 4Х5МФ1С (ЭП572), forged test pieces. The secondary hardening peak near 500 °C is characteristic of the 5 % Cr hot-work family. Annealed supply condition: hardness 241 HB maximum, structure granular pearlite.

## 5. Physical properties

| Temperature | Modulus E | Density | Thermal conductivity | Electrical resistivity |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20 °C | 207 GPa | 7716 kg/m³ | 22 W/(m·°C) | 553 nΩ·m |
| 100 °C | — | 7692 kg/m³ | 25 W/(m·°C) | 591 nΩ·m |
| 200 °C | — | 7660 kg/m³ | 27 W/(m·°C) | 649 nΩ·m |
| 300 °C | 187 GPa | 7627 kg/m³ | 29 W/(m·°C) | 715 nΩ·m |
| 400 °C | — | 7593 kg/m³ | 30 W/(m·°C) | 798 nΩ·m |
| 500 °C | — | 7559 kg/m³ | 31 W/(m·°C) | 879 nΩ·m |
| 600 °C | 160 GPa | 7523 kg/m³ | 31 W/(m·°C) | 970 nΩ·m |
| 700 °C | — | 7490 kg/m³ | 31 W/(m·°C) | 1077 nΩ·m |
| 800 °C | — | 7459 kg/m³ | 31 W/(m·°C) | 1189 nΩ·m |

Published H13 and SKD61 data give a room-temperature density near 7.80 g/cm³ and modulus near 215 GPa. The small difference reflects different source datasets rather than a different material.

## 6. Forging and heat treatment of 4Ch5MF1S

| Operation | Temperature | Cooling and notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Forging, start | 1180 °C | Soak thoroughly, avoid rapid heating of large sections |
| Forging, finish | 850 °C | Slow cool in furnace or ash pit, never air cool on the floor |
| Annealing | 840-870 °C | Furnace cool at 30 °C/h maximum to 600 °C, then air. 241 HB maximum |
| Stress relief | 650-700 °C | Hold 2 h, furnace cool, after rough machining |
| Preheating for hardening | 550 °C then 850 °C | Two stages, equalise at each |
| Hardening | 1020-1050 °C | Oil quench, or vacuum gas quench for dies |
| Tempering | 540-620 °C | Twice, minimum 2 h each, cool to room temperature between |
| Nitriding, optional | 500-540 °C | Surface 950-1100 HV, case 0.10-0.30 mm |

Temper at least 30 °C above the intended service temperature. Do not temper in the 400-500 °C range for die-casting dies, where toughness is at a minimum.

Working hardness by application:

- Aluminium die-casting dies: 44-48 HRC
- Hot forging dies and inserts: 44-50 HRC
- Extrusion dies, stems and containers: 46-50 HRC
- Hot shear blades and punches: 48-52 HRC
- Plastic mould cavities: 48-52 HRC

## 7. Applications of 4Ch5MF1S forgings

- Die-casting dies, cavities, cores and inserts for aluminium, magnesium and zinc
- Die-casting shot sleeves, plungers and nozzle bodies
- Hot forging dies, die blocks, die holders and bolsters
- Aluminium extrusion dies, die holders, liners, stems, dummy blocks and containers
- Forming punches, upsetting dies, bolt and nut dies, header and gripper dies
- Hot shear blades and scrap shear blades
- Plastic mould cavities, screws and cylinders for plastics processing
- Rolls for profiling tools, trimming tools, shrink rings and wear-resistant parts
- Nitrided ejector pins, mandrels and hot-work wear components

## 8. Forms and sizes supplied

Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. produces 4Ch5MF1S by open-die forging and seamless ring rolling from electric-furnace steel.

| Product form | Dimensional range | Single-piece weight |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Round bar / shaft | OD 80-1200 mm, L ≤ 6000 mm | 50-15 000 kg |
| Square, flat and rectangular bar | Thickness 100-1000 mm, width ≤ 1500 mm | 50-15 000 kg |
| Block, disc and plate | OD or width 200-2000 mm, t 50-600 mm | 30-12 000 kg |
| Seamless rolled ring | OD 200-3000 mm, wall ≥ 40 mm, H ≤ 800 mm | 20-8000 kg |
| Hollow bar, sleeve and bush | OD 150-1500 mm, ID ≥ 80 mm | 30-10 000 kg |
| Cylinder, housing and hub | To drawing | To 20 000 kg |

Surface condition: black forged, rough turned or milled with 6-20 mm allowance per side, or finish machined to drawing.

Minimum order is one piece for stock sizes. Typical lead time is 25-40 days after drawing approval for forged and annealed material, and 35-55 days when quenching, tempering and finish machining are included.

## 9. Inspection, testing and certificates

Every 4Ch5MF1S forging is supplied with an EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificate stating heat number, ladle analysis, heat treatment record and test results.

- Chemical analysis, ladle and product, reported against GOST 5950-2000
- Tensile, impact (KCU or Charpy V) and hardness testing on heat-treated coupons
- Ultrasonic testing to SEP 1921, ASTM A388 or GOST 24507
- Magnetic particle and dye penetrant to ASTM E1444 and ASTM E165
- Microstructure and grain size per the GOST 5950-2000 microstructure scales
- Non-metallic inclusion rating to ASTM E45 or GOST 1778
- Dimensional report against the approved drawing
- Third-party inspection by SGS, BV, TÜV or a customer inspector on request

## 10. Frequently asked questions

**What is the international equivalent of 4Ch5MF1S?**
The closest equivalents to 4Ch5MF1S (GOST 4Х5МФ1С) are AISI H13 in the USA, X40CrMoV5-1 or material number 1.2344 in Germany and the EU, SKD61 in Japan, 4Cr5MoSiV1 in China, Z40CDV5 in France and BH13 in the UK. The chromium, molybdenum and vanadium levels are close but the carbon and molybdenum bands differ slightly, so specify which standard the order is placed against.

**Is 4Ch5MF1S the same as H13?**
They are equivalent for most tooling applications but not identical. 4Ch5MF1S is specified with carbon 0.37-0.44 % and molybdenum 1.20-1.50 %, while H13 to ASTM A681 allows carbon 0.32-0.45 % and molybdenum 1.10-1.75 %. A 4Ch5MF1S heat will normally fall inside the H13 band, but an H13 heat will not always meet the narrower GOST molybdenum range. If the drawing requires GOST certification, order the material as 4Х5МФ1С to GOST 5950-2000.

**What is the difference between 4Х5МФ1С and 4Х5МФС?**
Vanadium. 4Х5МФС carries roughly 0.3-0.5 % vanadium and behaves like AISI H11 or 1.2343, so it is tougher and better suited to large hammer dies and heavy shock. 4Х5МФ1С carries 0.8-1.1 % vanadium and behaves like AISI H13 or 1.2344, with better wear resistance and tempering resistance for long die-casting runs.

**What hardness can 4Ch5MF1S reach?**
After oil quenching from 1020 °C the as-quenched hardness is above 52 HRC, and secondary hardening near 500 °C can give 55 HRC. Working hardness for dies is normally set between 44 and 52 HRC by double tempering at 540-620 °C. In the annealed delivery condition hardness is 241 HB maximum.

**What are the forging temperatures for 4Ch5MF1S?**
Start forging at 1180 °C and finish at no lower than 850 °C, then cool slowly in a furnace or ash pit. Because the steel is air hardening, fast cooling straight from the forging heat will produce untempered martensite and can crack the piece. Anneal at 840-870 °C with a controlled furnace cool afterwards.

**Who supplies 4Ch5MF1S forgings?**
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, China that supplies 4Ch5MF1S (GOST 4Х5МФ1С / ЭП572) as forged round bars, square and flat bars, blocks, discs, seamless rolled rings, hollow bars and sleeves. The factory address is No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China. Enquiries go to sales@steelforgepieces.com or +86 189 2135 9659.

**What sizes of 4Ch5MF1S forging are available?**
Round bars from 80 to 1200 mm diameter and up to 6000 mm long, blocks and flats from 100 to 1000 mm thick, seamless rolled rings from 200 to 3000 mm outside diameter, and hollow sleeves from 150 to 1500 mm outside diameter. Single-piece weights run from about 20 kg to 20 tonnes.

**Can 4Ch5MF1S be nitrided?**
Yes. Gas or plasma nitriding at 500-540 °C gives a surface hardness of roughly 950-1100 HV with a case of 0.10-0.30 mm. Nitride only after hardening and tempering, and keep the tempering temperature above the nitriding temperature so core hardness is not lost.

**What certificates are supplied with the forgings?**
An EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificate is standard and covers heat number, chemical analysis, heat treatment record, mechanical test results and hardness. Ultrasonic testing, magnetic particle inspection, grain size, inclusion rating and third-party inspection can be added to the order.

**How do I request a quotation for 4Ch5MF1S?**
Send the grade, product form, dimensions with tolerances or a drawing, quantity, required delivery condition and hardness, any NDT requirement and your destination port to sales@steelforgepieces.com. A quotation with weight, price and lead time is normally returned within one working day.

## 11. Supplier

**Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.**
Open-die forging factory
No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China
Phone, WhatsApp and WeChat: +86 189 2135 9659
Email: sales@steelforgepieces.com
Web: https://www.steelforgepieces.com/

## 12. References

- GOST 5950-2000, *Alloyed and high-alloyed tool steel. Bars, strips and coils. General specifications*
- TU 108.11.917-87, chemical composition for grade 4Х5МФ1СА
- ASTM A681, *Standard Specification for Tool Steels Alloy*
- EN ISO 4957, *Tool steels*, grade X40CrMoV5-1 (1.2344)
- JIS G4404, *Alloy tool steels*, grade SKD61

Technical data on this page is compiled from the standards listed above and is given for guidance. It does not replace the mill certificate supplied with each order.