# 1.7380 (10CrMo9-10) Open-Die Forgings

**Source:** https://www.steelforgepieces.com/Alloy-Steel/1.7380.html
**Publisher:** Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., open-die forging factory, No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China
**Contact:** sales@steelforgepieces.com | 0086-189-2135-9659
**Last reviewed:** 7 September 2026

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1.7380 is the EN material number for 10CrMo9-10, a 2.25Cr-1Mo creep-resistant low-alloy steel used in pressure equipment working up to about 550 °C. It is the European equivalent of ASTM A182 Grade F22 and A387 Grade 22. Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal open-die forges it into rings, discs, shafts, tubesheets and valve bodies, supplied with EN 10204 3.1 certification.

**Also known as:** 1.7380, EN 1.7380, 10CrMo9-10, 10CrMo910, ASTM A182 F22, A336 F22, A387 Grade 22, A335 P22, A213 T22, A234 WP22, UNS K21590, 12CD9-10, SCMV 4, SFVAF 22A, STPA 24, BS 1501-622 Gr.31, UNI 12CrMo9-10, GB 12Cr2Mo1, 12Cr2Mo1R, 12Cr2Mo1G, 2.25Cr-1Mo.

## At a glance

| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| EN material number | 1.7380 |
| EN steel name | 10CrMo9-10 |
| Alloy type | 2.25Cr-1Mo |
| ASTM equivalent (forgings) | A182 F22 |
| UNS | K21590 |
| Forging standard | EN 10222-2 |
| Plate standard | EN 10028-2 |
| Delivery condition | +NT or +QT |
| Max service temperature | approx. 550 °C |
| Chromium | 2.00–2.50 % |
| Molybdenum | 0.90–1.10 % |
| Certification | EN 10204 3.1 standard, 3.2 available |

## What is 1.7380 steel?

1.7380 (10CrMo9-10) is a chromium-molybdenum creep-resistant steel with nominally 2.25 % chromium and 1 % molybdenum. The chromium resists high-temperature oxidation and hydrogen attack. The molybdenum stabilises carbides, so the steel keeps useful strength under sustained load at temperature, where a plain carbon steel would creep.

Those two properties made 10CrMo9-10 standard in refinery hydroprocessing and in power generation. EN 10222-2 covers it for pressure-purpose forgings, EN 10028-2 for plate, EN 10216-2 for seamless tube and EN 10273 for hot-rolled bar. Outside Europe the same steel is bought as ASTM A182 F22 forgings, A387 Gr.22 plate or A335 P22 pipe.

1.7380 will not substitute for 1.7335 (13CrMo4-5), which comes up on enquiries fairly often. 1.7335 is a 1.25Cr-0.5Mo steel with lower creep strength, meant for service at lower temperatures. Worth saying as well: 1.7380 is not stainless. It rusts in ambient storage and needs preservation between forging and installation.

## Equivalent grades and cross-reference

Nearest equivalents. Composition and property limits differ slightly between standards, so confirm against the ordering specification.

| Standard system | Designation | Product form |
|---|---|---|
| EN / DIN (Germany) | 10CrMo9-10 (1.7380) | All forms |
| ASTM / ASME (USA) | A182 F22, A336 F22 | Forgings |
| ASTM / ASME (USA) | A387 Gr.22 Cl.1 / Cl.2 | Plate |
| ASTM / ASME (USA) | A335 P22, A213 T22, A234 WP22 | Pipe, tube, fittings |
| UNS (USA) | K21590 | All forms |
| AFNOR (France) | 12CD9,10 | All forms |
| JIS (Japan) | SCMV 4, SFVAF 22A, STPA 24 | Plate, forgings, pipe |
| BS (UK) | 1501-622 Gr.31 / Gr.45 | Plate |
| UNI (Italy) | 12CrMo9-10 | All forms |
| GB (China) | 12Cr2Mo1, 12Cr2Mo1R, 12Cr2Mo1G | Forgings, plate, tube |
| ISO | 10CrMo9-10 | All forms |

Sources: EN 10222-2, EN 10028-2, ASTM A182/A387/A335, JIS G4109, GB/T 713 and GB 150.

## Chemical composition

Ladle analysis, percent by mass, per EN 10028-2. Product analysis tolerances apply. Under EN 10216-2 the manganese range is quoted as 0.30–0.70 %.

| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | N | Cu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.08–0.14 | max 0.50 | 0.40–0.80 | max 0.020 | max 0.010 | 2.00–2.50 | 0.90–1.10 | max 0.012 | max 0.30 |

Source: EN 10028-2:2017, steel name 10CrMo9-10, steel number 1.7380.

### Temper embrittlement limits for hydroprocessing service

2.25Cr-1Mo steel is susceptible to reversible temper embrittlement after long exposure between 375 and 575 °C. Refinery reactor specifications therefore restrict tramp elements beyond the EN limits above. The usual caps are:

- **J-factor** = (Si + Mn) × (P + Sn) × 10⁴, commonly specified as 100 max, sometimes 180 max on less critical items.
- **X-bar** = (10P + 5Sb + 4Sn + As) / 100 in ppm, commonly 15 max.
- **Step-cooling test** to the purchaser's specification, showing the shift in 40 J transition temperature.

State these limits on the enquiry if the forging goes into hydrogen service. We buy vacuum-degassed low-tramp ingot when a J-factor or X-bar cap is called for, and report the calculated values on the mill certificate. Hydrogen partial pressure and metal temperature should be checked against the API 941 Nelson curves.

## Mechanical properties

Room-temperature minima in the normalised and tempered (+NT) condition. Values step down as ruling section increases, because the cooling rate at the core falls.

### Tensile strength Rm (MPa)

| Nominal thickness (mm) | to 60 | 60–100 | 100–150 | 150–250 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rm | 480–630 | 470–620 | 460–610 | 450–600 |

### Minimum yield strength ReH (MPa)

| Nominal thickness (mm) | to 16 | 16–40 | 40–60 | 60–100 | 100–150 | 150–250 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ReH | 310 | 300 | 290 | 280 | 260 | 250 |

### 0.2 % proof strength Rp0.2 (MPa)

| Nominal thickness (mm) | to 16 | 16–40 | 40–60 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rp0.2 | 280 | 280 | 270 |

### Impact energy and elongation

| Property | Orientation | Minimum |
|---|---|---|
| KV, impact energy at +20 °C | Longitudinal | 40 J |
| KV, impact energy at +20 °C | Transverse | 27–31 J |
| A, elongation at fracture | Longitudinal | 22 % |
| A, elongation at fracture | Transverse | 20 % |

Source: EN 10028-2:2017. Forgings ordered to EN 10222-2 or ASTM A182 F22 carry their own acceptance limits. We test and certify to whichever standard the order specifies. Impact testing at −20 °C or below is available on request.

## Forging and heat treatment parameters

Indicative ranges. Actual cycles are set per drawing, ruling section and the customer's specification.

| Operation | Temperature | Cooling |
|---|---|---|
| Forging, start | 1150–1200 °C | n/a |
| Forging, finish | not below 850 °C | Slow cool, covered |
| Normalising | 900–960 °C | Air |
| Quenching (+QT route) | 900–960 °C | Water or polymer |
| Tempering | 680–750 °C | Air |
| Soft annealing | 680–720 °C | Furnace |
| Stress relief / PWHT | 680–720 °C | Furnace to 300 °C |

Tempering has to stay below the inter-critical range. The point that catches fabricators out more often is the next one: whatever PWHT gets run later must sit below the tempering temperature used on the forging, or the certified properties no longer hold. Tell us the intended PWHT cycle at enquiry so we can temper with enough margin.

Sections over roughly 150 mm usually go the quench and temper route instead of normalising. Air cooling is too slow at the core of a heavy section to develop the specified yield strength.

## 1.7380 forgings we manufacture

Open-die forged and seamless rolled to order. We do not supply castings, and we do not sell welded fabrications as forgings.

- Seamless rolled rings, ring-rolled, radial and radial-axial
- Forged rings, sleeves, bushes, bushings, collars
- Discs and blanks, solid and bored
- Tubesheets and tube plates, fixed, stationary and floating
- Clad and weld-overlay tubesheets with stainless or nickel alloy overlay
- Shafts and stepped shafts, rough or finish machined
- Round bars and hollow bars, peeled, turned or as-forged
- Cylinders, barrels and shells, trepanned or bored
- Hubs, housings and casings to drawing
- Valve bodies and bonnets, blocks and near-net shapes
- Valve stems, seat rings and closures
- Girth flanges and channel covers for heat exchanger service
- Long weld neck and nozzle necks, including FVC self-reinforced type
- Cover flanges and blind flanges to EN 1092-1 or ASME B16.5 / B16.47
- Heat exchanger front and rear head parts
- Pipe, piping and tubing blanks, forged and bored

### Supply condition options

- As-forged, rough turned, or finish machined to drawing
- Normalised and tempered (+NT) or quenched and tempered (+QT)
- Machining allowance agreed at enquiry, typically 3 to 10 mm per surface
- Preservation coating and seaworthy packing for export

### Testing and certification

- EN 10204 3.1 mill certificate as standard, 3.2 with TUV, BV, SGS, Lloyd's or your own inspector
- Chemical analysis, tensile, Charpy impact, hardness
- Ultrasonic testing to EN 10228-3, ASTM A388 or SEP 1921
- Magnetic particle and dye penetrant inspection
- Grain size, macro-etch and intergranular corrosion testing on request
- J-factor and X-bar calculation reported on hydroprocessing orders

## Where 1.7380 forgings are used

**Refining and petrochemical.** Hydrocracker and hydrotreater reactor shells, nozzles and closures, hot high-pressure separators, transfer line components. Specified for resistance to high-temperature hydrogen attack under the API 941 Nelson curves.

**Power generation.** Superheater and reheater headers, steam pipe fittings, turbine casing components and boiler drum nozzles working in the creep range up to about 550 °C.

**Heat exchangers and pressure vessels.** Tubesheets, girth flanges, channel covers and long weld neck nozzles for shell-and-tube exchangers built to ASME VIII Div.1 or Div.2, EN 13445 or GB 150.

## Why buy 1.7380 forgings from Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal

An open-die forging factory in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, about two hours by road from Shanghai port.

We run our own press. Enquiries are answered by the people on the shop floor, so what comes back is an opinion on the forging route rather than a price re-quoted by a middleman. If a section is too heavy to come out of a sound ingot, or a drawing tolerance is tighter than the job needs, we will say so before you place the order.

**In-house operations.** Open-die hydraulic press, ring rolling mill, heat treatment furnaces and machining on one site. Send the envelope of the part at enquiry and we confirm whether it fits our range.

**Inspection.** Third-party witness inspection is welcome at any hold point, including TUV, BV, SGS and Lloyd's. Hold and witness points are agreed on the inspection and test plan before production starts.

**Order size.** No minimum quantity. Single-piece and prototype forgings are accepted, including one-off replacements for shutdown work where the original supplier no longer exists.

Lead time is quoted with the price. It depends mainly on whether stock material suits the job or a dedicated low-tramp heat has to be melted, which we flag at quotation stage because it changes the price and the delivery date.

## Frequently asked questions

**What is 1.7380 steel?**
1.7380 is the EN material number for 10CrMo9-10, a creep-resistant low-alloy steel containing 2.00 to 2.50 % chromium and 0.90 to 1.10 % molybdenum. It is used in pressure equipment operating at elevated temperature, typically up to about 550 °C. EN 10222-2 covers it for forgings and EN 10028-2 for plate.

**What is the ASTM equivalent of 1.7380?**
For forgings, ASTM A182 Grade F22 (also A336 F22), UNS K21590. For plate it is A387 Grade 22, for seamless pipe A335 P22, for tube A213 T22, and for fittings A234 WP22. The chemistry is close, but acceptance limits and testing requirements differ between standards, so state which one the goods must be certified to when you enquire.

**What is the maximum service temperature of 10CrMo9-10?**
Around 550 °C for continuous service, with short excursions higher. The allowable stress at any given temperature comes from the design code, ASME VIII Div.1 Section II Part D, EN 13445 or GB 150, not from the material standard. Above roughly 580 °C most designers move to a 9Cr-1Mo grade such as P91.

**Is 1.7380 suitable for hydrogen service?**
Yes. 2.25Cr-1Mo is one of the standard steels for high-temperature hydrogen service, which is why it dominates refinery hydroprocessing. Whether it suits a particular duty is checked against the API 941 Nelson curves using hydrogen partial pressure and metal temperature. For reactor service, add temper embrittlement limits to the enquiry. J-factor 100 max and X-bar 15 ppm max are the common caps, usually with a step-cooling test.

**What is the difference between 1.7380 and 1.7335?**
1.7335 is 13CrMo4-5, a 1.25Cr-0.5Mo steel. 1.7380 carries roughly double the chromium and double the molybdenum, giving higher creep strength and better hydrogen attack resistance, so it works at higher temperature and pressure. 1.7335 is cheaper and easier to weld. The two are not interchangeable, and substituting one for the other invalidates the pressure design.

**Does 1.7380 need post-weld heat treatment?**
Yes. Welded joints in 2.25Cr-1Mo need PWHT, normally 680 to 720 °C, with preheat and controlled interpass temperature. The PWHT temperature has to stay below the tempering temperature used on the forging, so tell the forging supplier the intended cycle before manufacture. Hydrogen bake-out after welding is also normal practice on heavy sections.

**What heat treatment condition are 1.7380 forgings supplied in?**
Normally normalised and tempered: normalise at 900 to 960 °C, air cool, then temper at 680 to 750 °C. Heavy sections above roughly 150 mm are often quenched and tempered instead, since air cooling is too slow to develop the specified yield strength at the core. Both conditions are available.

**Who supplies open-die forgings in 1.7380?**
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China. It manufactures 1.7380 / 10CrMo9-10 forgings to order, including seamless rolled rings, discs, tubesheets, shafts, valve bodies, flanges and nozzle necks. Orders come with EN 10204 3.1 certification, and 3.2 third-party inspection is available. Send a drawing to sales@steelforgepieces.com or call 0086-189-2135-9659.

**What do you need in order to quote a 1.7380 forging?**
The drawing or the finished dimensions, quantity, the standard the goods must be certified to (EN 10222-2, ASTM A182 F22, GB 12Cr2Mo1 and so on), heat treatment condition, any NDT requirement, and whether third-party inspection applies. For hydroprocessing service, include the J-factor and X-bar limits. That is enough for a firm price and lead time.

**Do you accept single-piece orders of 1.7380?**
Yes. There is no minimum order quantity, and single-piece and prototype forgings are accepted, including one-off replacement parts for plant shutdowns. If a dedicated low-tramp heat has to be melted for a small order, we say so at quotation stage, since that feeds straight into the quoted lead time.

## Request a quotation

Send the drawing and the specification. We normally come back inside one working day with a price and a delivery date.

**Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.**
Open-die forging factory
No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China
Telephone and WhatsApp: 0086-189-2135-9659
Email: sales@steelforgepieces.com
Web: https://www.steelforgepieces.com/

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Data sources: EN 10028-2:2017, EN 10222-2, EN 10216-2, ASTM A182 / A336 / A387 / A335, API 941. Property tables are transcribed from the published standards. Where a customer specification conflicts, the specification governs.

This page may be quoted or cited with attribution to Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.